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PubMed2001

The puzzle of homeopathy.

Homeopathy is a branch of Western medicine that has mostly been rejected by Western orthodoxy for the last 200 years because of conceptual and scientific clashes. Homeopathy uses microdoses of potential toxins to provoke defense and self-regulatory responses, rather than the more orthodox approach of blocking body reactions. This approach hints at its clinical scope: it can help, at times resolve, conditions that are intrinsically reversible rather than mechanical problems, deficiencies, or irreversible breakdowns in body functions where it is only palliative. In recent years, there has been a renaissance of interest. Public demand has soared, and with it professional interest. Approximately 20% of Scotland's general practitioners have completed basic training. This is partly occasioned by public interest in complementary medicine and a sympathy with the more mind-body approach of homeopathy, and partly by recent scientific evidence. Some homeopathic dilutions are so extreme they are dismissed by critics as only placebo. Yet trials and meta-analyses of controlled trials are pointing toward real effects, mechanism of action unknown. Clinical outcome studies suggest useful clinical impact and excellent safety. There seems to be a potential to enhance patient care by integrating the two systems.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1991

The effect of infinitesimal drug dilutions on the pharmacokinetics of nalidixic acid and atenolol.

1. Ten healthy subjects received two treatments: a single 1 g oral dose of nalidixic acid (NA) followed 1 h later by either an infinitesimal dilution of the drug (NA 7CH) or by succussed water which served as placebo. The study was repeated 18 months later in 10 different subjects. 2. A further 10 healthy subjects received three treatments: a single 100 mg oral dose of atenolol (AT) followed 3 h later by either placebo or a dilution of AT (AT 7CH) or of bisoprolol (BI 7CH). The homoeopathic preparations were administered by the sublingual route. 3. In the first NA experiment NA 7CH significantly shortened the elimination half-life of NA from 8.6 +/- 2.2 (placebo) to 6.4 +/- 1.6 h (NA 7CH). In the second NA experiment none of the pharmacokinetic parameters was modified significantly by the administration of NA 7CH. Neither AT 7CH nor BI 7CH modified the pharmacokinetics of AT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Effects of potentised substances on growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

BACKGROUND: Homeopathic potencies are used as specific remedies in complementary medicine. Since the mode of action is unknown, the presumed specificity is discussed controversially. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of potentised substances on two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in a stable and reliable test system with systematic negative controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Yeast cells were cultivated in either potentised substances or water controls in microplates and their growth kinetics were measured photometrically. Water control runs were performed repeatedly to investigate the stability of the experimental set-up (systematic negative controls). RESULTS: 4 out of 14 screened substances seem to have affected the growth curve parameters slope or yield. Out of these substances, azoxystrobin and phosphorus were chosen for 8 further replication experiments, which partly confirmed the results of the screening. On the average of all experiments, azoxystrobin affected the slope of the growth curve of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (p < 0.05), and phosphorus affected the slope of the growth curve of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (p < 0.05). No effects were seen in the water control runs. In addition, significant interactions between treatment with potentised substances and experiment number were observed in all experiments with potentised substances (p < 0.01), but not in the water control runs. CONCLUSIONS: Both yeast species reacted to certain potentised substances by changing their growth kinetics. However, the interactions found point to additional factors of still unknown nature, that modulate the effects of potentised substances. This stable test system with yeasts may be suitable for further studies regarding the efficacy of homeopathic potencies.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed2006

Absorption spectra of electronic-homoeopathic copies of homoeopathic nosodes and placebo have essential differences.

BACKGROUND: Electronic-homoeopathic copies (EHC), i.e. preparations made by 'imprinting' the parent substance onto water (or other carriers) with the help of M. Rae devices, have gained certain acceptance in some fields of alternative medicine as homoeopathic nosodes. OBJECTIVE: To verify the electronic-homoeopathic copying effect with the use of absorption spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blind randomized procedure 7 homoeopathic nosodes and a blank placebo were 'imprinted' onto ampoules with saline solution by means of a 'simulator' apparatus by Metabolics Ltd (Wiltshire, UK). There were 63 ampoules of the EHC (9 of each nosode) and 27 ampoules of the placebo (3 groups). The absorption spectra of the preparations were determined by a UV-2101 PC (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) double-beam spectrometer in the wave band 800-600 nm at an interval of 0.5 nm. The values of optical density - log (1/transmission coefficient) - were written. RESULTS: The absorption spectra of 3 EHC of the 7 homoeopathic nosodes investigated showed regions marked by statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 for 2 adjacent wavelengths) in the band of 800-700 nm in 2 (as a minimum) out of 3 independent placebo groups. When compared in independent groups of placebo, the spectral regions - for which the significant differences between the EHC and the placebo were evident - are close to each other (in the range of 0.5-7.0 nm). CONCLUSION: The result obtained supports the existence of an electronic-homoeopathic copying effect.

Absorption↗