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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Instrument safety in explosive atmospheres.

The current "Energy Crisis" has dramatically increased our potential need for coal, the worlds most abundant fossil fuel. This will probably lead to a greater use of automation and instrumentation in the coal mining industry. The presence of methane in coal mines and in the coal itself plus the presence of coal dust, both of which can form an explosive atmosphere in air, means that the possibility of a gas or coal dust ignition must be considered when designing, purchasing and installing new equipment in this industry. In addition, many metallurgical processes involve the use of potentially explosive substances against which similar safety precautions must be taken. This paper outlines the various methods of protection currently in use and proposed for electrical instruments in explosive atmospheres, with particular emphasis on the work of the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1992

Sources of cadmium, its distribution and turnover in the freshwater environment.

Cadmium enters the aquatic environment from numerous sources, e.g., via the atmosphere, from which the cadmium released by combustion, mainly of fossil fuels, is deposited. Since some fertilizers contain up to 40 mg/kg cadmium, wash-out from agricultural land is another source. Zinc ores contain up to several percent of cadmium, and there may be high concentrations in raw zinc, zinc alloys and zinc compounds, so that cadmium may enter the aquatic environment from mining residues, solid wastes and wastewater discharges. Once in the aquatic environment, cadmium is highly mobile. Its dissolved species are extremely labile, and are the first to be released, e.g., when salinity increases in estuaries. Sediments reflect the metal loading in the past, and their analysis can be the key to an understanding of the fate of anthropogenic discharges into the hydrosphere. The internal cadmium loading of aquatic systems can be estimated from the remobilization rates of cadmium from sediments.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: review of 5 years' experience.

The workforce of Alberta, a province rich in fossil fuel, faces an increasing risk of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Basic knowledge of the population exposed during the years 1969 to 1973 inclusive was accumulated to identify the immediate medical and management problems. Data were recorded from three sources of records: the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta, the Alberta Hospital Services Commission and the provincial coroner's office. There were 221 cases of exposure to H2S. The overall mortality was 6%; 5% of victims were dead on arrival at hospital. Admission to hospital was required for 65% of the victims arriving at a hospital emergency room (78% of the 221). Acute problems were coma, dysequilibrium and respiratory insufficiency with pulmonary edema. Increased attention to cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the exposure site and during transportation to hospital is necessary to reduce the mortality from H2S exposure. No long-term adverse effects were apparent in the survivors.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

[The combined effect of ionizing radiation and smoking on the causation of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].

For the prevention of bronchial carcinoma the identification of its causes is of highest priority. Especial attention should be dedicated to the combined action of several factors. In this paper a review is given on the combination effect of simultaneous action of ionizing radiation and smoking observed by epidemiological studies in miners exposed to radon and its consecutive products. The amplifying action of both factors observed under working conditions brought about to refer to such combinations in smokers also outside their working life. This results from the natural loading by radiation of the respiratory tract, from radioactive material in the emmission of power stations on the base of fossil fuels, and from the contents of tobacco with 210Pb and 210Po. The combined action of radiation and smoking is regarded as another motivation to give up smoking strictly.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1978

A CPRS subscale to assess mental symptoms in workers exposed to jet fuel--some methodological considerations.

A CPRS subscale was constructed for the assessment of mental symptoms in 30 workers exposed to jet fuel and in 30 matched non-exposed controls. All subjects were interviewed in random order by the same psychiatrist. Interviews were recorded on tapes later used for evaluation of rating-rerating and inter-rater reliability, which were in the range of rs 0.75--0.85. The average score of the exposed group exceeded significantly that of the control group. Items concerned with symptoms referred to as neurasthenic and as neurotic differentiated best between the groups. It appears that the subscale is sensitive enough differentiate between two groups of non-patient individuals and has helped establishing that occupational exposure to jet fuel may induce a psycho-organic reaction.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1976

Aviation and environmental benzo(a)pyrene pollution.

Spectrofluorescent methods of analysis have shown that soot and exhaust products of aviation engines, both piston and turbine, contain benzo[a]pyrene (BP). A modern aircraft engine releases into the atmosphere from 2-10 mg BP per min. Extracts of aviation engine soot applied to the skin of mice induced malignant tumors in almost all treated animals. The ground within airports is polluted with BP, its level diminishing with distance from the runway. The concentration of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in aircraft exhausts is dependent on the working regime of the engine and on the character of fuel combustion.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

Development of the solid waste resource.

This paper describes the waste processing and boiler feed facilities which serve as the prototype for Union Electric Company's proposed Solid Waste Utilization System for recycling essentially all the solid waste generated in the metropolitan St. Louis area. The recently announced system, capable of processing up to 8,000 tons of raw refuse per day and estimated to cost $70 million, will be built and operated without government subsidy. Solid waste will be processed for the recovery of recyclable noncombustibles and use as a supplementary fuel to electric utility boilers.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Acute diesel fuel poisoning in goats.

The clinical, haematological and pathological features of an outbreak of diesel fuel poisoning in a group of goats are described. The major clinical signs were dullness, pneumonia and nervous signs.

Animals↗