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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Common geography as a clue to causation.

Certain diseases characteristic of modern civilization have been shown to have a similar worldwide geographical distribution, and in developing countries a similar socio-economic distribution. This suggests that some causative factor may be common to each, and evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that this might be the over-refining of carbohydrate foods.

Africa↗
PubMed1977

The phenomena of the disembodied eye or is it a matter of personal geography?

When a bilaterally asymmetrical figure is drawn on the skin at various bodily positions, the observer often reports that the figure he "sees" is reversed. On the head and neck, for example, figures drawn to the front of an imaginary line through the centre of the head, approximately in line with the ear canal are seen as reversed, and those to the rear of this line as correctly orientated. Different bodily locations such as the palm were tried and the orientation was found to depend in most instances upon the direction in which the surface faced. Several possible theories were tested against the data.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The geography of marriage in Britain, 1920-1960.

In 1959 the Population Investigation Committee at the London School of Economics instituted a nationwide survey of attitudes of marriage, contraception and family size. Questions were also asked about the birthplace of the partners and where they were living when they first met each other. These four place names provide the basis for marital mobility data whose geographical distribution is described here. A simple model of marital mobility is presented and the data are analysed according to (1) the propensity to marry outside the individual's birthplace or home town and (2) the distribution of the distan(e separating the partners when they come from different places. The data are very heterogeneous, so they are broken down for further analysis according to the population sizes of the birthplaces and home towns of each partner. The propensity to marry within the same place is strongly and positively associated with its population size. If the partners come from different places when the distance between their birthplaces, or between their home towns when they met, is associated with the population size of these places. Similar associations were found between the probability of migration from the birthplace, the distance moved, and population size. Men are more likely to move from their birthplaces than are women, and if they move they are more likely to move further. Marriage distance, as defined here, is also strongly influenced by population size. The geographical theory of central places offers a suitable framework for understanding the relation of marital mobility and population size and the results of this study are discussed in the context of geographical theories.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Ruminosignatures associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency across geographies and cattle breeds.

The cattle rumen microbiota represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose organization and relationship to host phenotypes are important for food security and environmental sustainability. We analyzed rumen microbiota profiles from 2496 cattle representing five breeds and production systems across five countries, identifying microbial co-abundance groups termed Ruminosignatures. We detected 14 distinct Ruminosignatures, including 2 observed across all populations dominated by Prevotella and UBA2810. Additional Ruminosignatures showed breed- and diet-specific patterns and collectively explained 96%-99% of variance in rumen microbial composition. Integrative cross-country analysis confirmed 10 out of 14 Ruminosignatures identified in cohort-specific analyses. Several Ruminosignatures were associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency traits and were partially under host genetic control, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.09 to 0.58. Structural equation modeling revealed consistent negative genetic and phenotypic correlations between the UBA2810-dominated Ruminosignature (RS_UBA2) and methane emissions across cohorts (rg = -0.40 to -0.65), with structural coefficients concordant in sign across all populations, supporting the expected direction of phenotypic response to selection on RS_UBA2. Meta-analysis confirmed positive associations of RS_UBA2 with average daily gain and negative associations with methane-related traits and feed conversion ratio. Functional genome-based predictions suggested RS_UBA2 may reduce methanogenesis through alternative hydrogen utilization pathways competing with methanogenic archaea. Production system type influenced both Ruminosignature occurrence and relationships with host phenotypes, emphasizing the relevance of context-specific strategies for microbiome modulation. Our findings highlight the potential of the Ruminosignatures framework for microbiome-informed breeding programs aimed at improving feed efficiency while reducing the environmental impact of cattle production.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer: what do their similar geographies suggest?

Mortality rates from multiple sclerosis show a well-known north-south gradient, both within the United States and internationally. Mortality rates from prostate cancer show a similar gradient and are significantly correlated with multiple sclerosis (MS) mortality and MS prevalence. This finding adds prostate cancer to the set of diseases whose geographic distributions are significantly correlated with MS and whose members include colon cancer, dental caries, and Parkinson's disease. Review of the literature indicates that these clinically dissimilar diseases may share an aberration in vitamin (hormone) D. Recent evidence demonstrating a multi-faceted role for vitamin D in immunoregulation suggests that a vitamin D aberration may also contribute to the etiology of MS. A vitamin D hypothesis can illuminate several unexplained features of the epidemiology of MS and suggests opportunities for epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical investigation.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗