SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Global scale”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Centuries of Potato Late Blight: Tracking Global Epidemics and Managing Future Outbreaks.

Phytophthora infestans killed the potato crop in Ireland in 1845, leading to widespread famine and the death of more than one million people. Historic herbarium specimens from the famine era were used to understand the pathogen's biology and track its global spread, providing a valuable resource for research. Historic outbreaks in the United States and Europe were caused by the FAM-1 lineage, whereas the US-1 lineage spread later. The famine lineage was basal in the phylogeny and ancestral to modern US-1, Mexican, and globally aggressive lineages. An admixture between the famine lineage and the Andean species Phytophthora andina was revealed, indicating a South American origin of the disease. Temporal changes in the presence and abundance of virulence genes were observed in historic compared to modern genomes. Expansion in effector abundance occurred as new genotypes emerged in the mid-twentieth century. Disease surveillance and genotyping on a global scale have helped to inform disease management.

Solanum tuberosum↗

PubMed2024

Structural modelling and preventive strategy targeting of WSSV hub proteins to combat viral infection in shrimp Penaeus monodon.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) presents a considerable peril to the aquaculture sector, leading to notable financial consequences on a global scale. Previous studies have identified hub proteins, including WSSV051 and WSSV517, as essential binding elements in the protein interaction network of WSSV. This work further investigates the functional structures and potential applications of WSSV hub complexes in managing WSSV infection. Using computational methodologies, we have successfully generated comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) representations of hub proteins along with their three mutual binding counterparts, elucidating crucial interaction locations. The results of our study indicate that the WSSV051 hub protein demonstrates higher binding energy than WSSV517. Moreover, a unique motif, denoted as "S-S-x(5)-S-x(2)-P," was discovered among the binding proteins. This pattern perhaps contributes to the detection of partners by the hub proteins of WSSV. An antiviral strategy targeting WSSV hub proteins was demonstrated through the oral administration of dual hub double-stranded RNAs to the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, followed by a challenge assay. The findings demonstrate a decrease in shrimp mortality and a cessation of WSSV multiplication. In conclusion, our research unveils the structural features and dynamic interactions of hub complexes, shedding light on their significance in the WSSV protein network. This highlights the potential of hub protein-based interventions to mitigate the impact of WSSV infection in aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Clinical assessment of the safety and efficacy of lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine derivative, in the treatment of anxiety.

In a four-week double-blind study of 68 adult outpatients, lorazepam a new benzodiazepine, administered at an average total daily dosage level of 3.1 mg on a b.i.d. regimen, was clearly superior to placebo in the treatment of neurotic anxiety and its related symptoms. The lorazepam-treated group showed significantly greater improvement than the placebo-treated group (both clinically and statistically), as evidenced by the greater changes on the physician-rated Global Scale as well as by the greater changes in almost all categories on the physician-rated Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the patient-rated Lipman-Rickels 35-Item Self-Rating Scale. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs or laboratory values and only one side effect, urinary retention (resolved without discontinuing the drug), was reported.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1979

Some ecological criteria of natural focality of mycotic zoonoses.

Mycotic zoonoses sensu stricto and mycotic infections acquired from animal polluted environment belong to diseases characterized by the phenomenon of natural focality. On a global scale they comprise 16 different diseases caused by yeast-like organisms, dematophytes, dimorphous agents of systemic mycoses and primarily saprophytic fungi as well. Prevalence of mentioned diseases is influenced by a number of factors concerning not only biology and ecology of pathogenic agents and particular hosts, but also character of specific extra-animal substrates which make possible long-term maintenance or active propagation of agents in the environment. On the basis of their experience and published data as well, the authors present a survey and analysis of these factors, with particular emphasis on very frequent dermatophytozoonoses and some systemic mycoses. They pay attention to different conditions in urbanized and rural areas and to specific situations encountered by man and food producing animals in these areas. They note different ways of heterotrophy of particular agents and their association with vertebrate hosts which they divide into six ecologically different groups. The authors also characterize the environment in which a portion of saproparatrophic circulation of the agent takes place. They also give a survey of animal-connected human mycoses, which may arise due to occupational hazards.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Depression and daydreaming; an analysis based on self-ratings.

Investigated the relationship between depression and daydreaming characteristics in a non-hospitalized sample. Level of depression was determined by the Beck Depression Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Lubin Depression Adjective Check Lists. Daydreaming characteristics were determined from a self-report retrospective questionnaire, the Imaginal Processes Inventory. The sample consisted of 91 university undergraduates and 29 male correctional institution inmates. The full-scale global measures of depression were found to be related directly to the neurotic, anxious, dysphoric, and negative dimension of daydreaming. Specific direct relationships were noted between mental agitation and distractibility, between indecisiveness-personal devaluation and mental slowing, and between personal devaluation-poor body image and fear of failure daydreams. Inverse relationships were noted between a sense of punishment and useful-positive aspects of daydreaming and between psychomotor-activity level and internally stimulated mental activity. The suicidal ambivalance, appetite-weight loss, and fatigability dimensions of depression were found to be unrelated to daydreaming.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A double-blind comparison between mianserin and imipramine (author's transl)].

Fifty-four depressed patients aged 18 to 65 years were treated for 4 weeks with a daily dose of either 60 mg mianserin or 150 mg imipramine in a double-blind controlled trial. The results which were measured on the Hamilton rating scale, on the Beck and on the Overall rating scale, on the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and on a global rating scale, did not show any significant difference relative to the antidepressive efficiency of both products. The frequency of side-effects however was significantly lower in the mianserin group than in the imipramine group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The effects of chlordiazepoxide on self-rated depression, anxiety, and well-being.

The main purpose of this study was to compare sensitivity of several self-rating scales to drug effects in anxious and depressed patients. Twenty-two distressed nonpsychotic outpatients completed a double-blind crossover trial of chlordiazepoxide and placebo. All self-rating scales of depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and feelings of inadequacy discriminated significantly between chlordiazepoxide and placebo. The decrease in self-rated depression was about equal to the decrease in self-rated anxiety. Subscales describing well-being were more sensitive to drug effects than subscales describing symptoms. A questionnaire (The Symptom Questionnaire) and one of the self-rating scales (Symptom Rating Test) were more sensitive than global self-rating scales, global observer-rating scales, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Some of the self-rating scales discriminated significantly between drug and placebo even when the sample size was reduced to two subsamples of eight patients each. High and significant positive correlations between two scales did not indicate equal sensitivity in discriminating between drug and placebo.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Loxapine versus perphenazine in psychotic patients. A double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial.

A double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial was carried out in 47 psychotic patients to evaluate the efficacy of oral treatment with loxapine compared with perphenazine. In total, 22 patients were included in diagnostic Group I (cases of acute schizophrenia and psychogenic (reactive) psychoses). The average maximum daily dose was 60.0 mg in the loxapine group and 36.8 mg in the perphenazine group. After 3-weeks' treatment, no significant differences were found between the two treatment groups according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale or side-effect records. Twenty-five patients were included in diagnostic Group II (cases of chronic schizophrenia). The average daily dosage was 81.1 mg in the loxapine group and 90.1 mg in the perphenazine group. After 10 to 12-weeks' treatment, no significant differences between the two treatment groups could be found according to BPRS, CGI scale, Nurses' Observation Scale for In-patient Evaluation (NOSIE) or side-effect records. The diastolic blood pressure (lying and standing) tended to increase slightly in both treatment groups. In conclusion, it was found that loxapine and perphenazine seemed to be equally effective and, based on experience with parenteral loxapine treatment, it is suggested that further investigation of oral loxapine should be carried out in psychotic patients in whom agitation is a feature.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2026

SGLF-Net:Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network for Colonoscopic Polyp Segmentation.

Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images plays a pivotal role in computer-aided medical diagnosis and the early prevention of colorectal cancer. However, existing methods often suffer from performance degradation when confronted with extreme polyp scale variation and polyp boundary ambiguity. To address these challenges, we propose the Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network (SGLF-Net), which adopts a novel staged global-to-local learning paradigm to progressively refine segmentation from coarse global semantics to fine-grained local details. Specifically, the Global Semantic Perception Stage integrates a Swin Transformer Encoder and a Dynamic Attentive Decoder (DAD) to construct comprehensive multi-scale contextual representations. The Local Detail Refinement Stage employs an Edge-aware Dynamic Attentive Decoder (E-DAD) to enhance structural fidelity and boundary precision through explicit edge-guided supervision. Furthermore, we introduce the Cross Spatial-Scale Feature Aggregation and Reconstitution (CSSAR) module, equipped with hybrid attention mechanisms, to facilitate efficient semantic structural interaction between the two cascaded stages. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate that SGLF-Net consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both segmentation accuracy and boundary preservation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Usage and impact of global biodata resources.

MOTIVATION: Biodata resources constitute a critical, large-scale, and globally distributed infrastructure underpinning life science research, yet their organic growth has hindered efforts to quantify key indicators needed to justify sustainable support, including usage, impact, and interdependencies. Here, we present an updated Global Biodata Coalition inventory alongside a Total Resource Usage (TRU) dataset that integrates this inventory with two complementary literature-derived sources: data citations and informal resource name mentions extracted from full-text articles using a fine-tuned machine learning model. A unified database schema enables cross-resource comparisons, dependency network analyses, and evaluation of resource name distinctiveness. RESULTS: The combined dataset captures 11.5 million formal and informal references, revealing that most resources are acknowledged informally within article text. Network analysis indicates a densely interconnected ecosystem in which Global Core Biodata Resources function as key providers and integrators, underscoring their foundational role. While full resource names are generally distinctive, widespread use of acronyms limits detectability through text mining. Together, these findings provide robust empirical evidence of a highly utilized and interconnected biodata infrastructure, highlight limitations of single-metric assessments, and underscore the need for multi-dimensional evaluation frameworks and more consistent data citation practices to support informed decision-making and long-term sustainability. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The database and analytical code described here are available on https://github.com/globalbiodata.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1977

The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study.

In the last few years several open studies supported the hypothesis that L-5-HTP may be an effective antidepressant. Because of the lack of a controlled double-blind trial we started our own investigations to confirm this hypothesis in L-5-HTP. In 1972 we performed two open dose finding trials with L-5-HTP in combination with Benzerazide. These open studies were followed by a double-blind trial comparing L-5-HTP in combination with Benzerazide to Imipramine in 30 patients. Assessments were carried out on day 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20. For data collection we used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the AMP-system, a Global Rating Scale of Severity of Depression and a Brief Rating Scale for the Behaviour on the ward. In this article we report only a part of the results, mainly on the findings with the AMP-system and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. During our double-blind trial we could not find any significant difference in efficacy of L-5-HTP and Imipramine. The same was found in an open trial. Furthermore the L-5-HTP results showed no difference compared with the results of an Imipramine treatment in 40 patients in earlier double-blind studies. L-5-HTP and Imipramine caused different patterns of side effects. L-5-HTP caused mainly gastrointestinal side effects and Imipramine caused mainly dryness of the mouth and tremor. The gastrointestinal side effects caused by L-5-HTP seemed to be dose dependent.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1978

[Prediction test of nomifensine prescription from symptomatic pre-therapeutic status (author's transl)].

Heighty two outpatients, suffering from reactive or neurotic depression have been treated with a daily 100 mg dose of nomifensine. The symptomatic status before treatment was appreciated by a self-rating scale, the Hopkins Symptoms Check List (HSCL). At the end of the study, the patient again filled out this same rating scale, and also a seven-score amelioration questionnaire. The investigator filled out this same questionnaire and a fourscore global impression scale. We tried to find out if by appreciating initial symptoms with the HSCL, it was possible to predict which patients would be responders to the treatment. The only highly significant result was obtained with a discriminant analysis, which combines 22 items of the pre-therapeutic HSCL and with which it is possible to predict the amelioration measured by the difference between the total pre- and post-therapeutic HSCL notations. The authors point out to the interest of this method in psychopharmacology.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of Sexual Function With Adjunctive Lumateperone in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: Lumateperone is an atypical antipsychotic to treat schizophrenia, bipolar I or II depression, and major depressive disorder (MDD). Randomized phase 3 Study 502 (NCT05061706) investigated the impact of adjunctive lumateperone 42 mg/day on sexual functioning, per Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire 14-item version (CSFQ-14). Methods: Adults meeting DSM-5 criteria for MDD with inadequate response to 1-2 antidepressant therapies (ADTs) in the current depressive episode, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Total score ≥24, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity score ≥4, and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report-16-item score ≥14 were randomized to 6-week lumateperone 42 mg+ADT or placebo+ADT. Sexual function was assessed by CSFQ-14 Total and domain scores in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and subgroups. Results: Of 480 patients in the ITT population, 82.5% had sexual dysfunction at baseline (women=284; men=112). Lumateperone+ADT significantly improved CSFQ-14 Total score at Day 43 vs placebo+ADT (least squares mean difference [LSMD]=2.7; effect size [ES]=0.38; P<.0001). Significantly greater improvements were observed in patients with baseline sexual dysfunction (LSMD=3.1; ES=0.42; P<.0001), with no change in those without. Improvements were observed in women (LSMD=3.5; ES=0.47; P<.0001) and in men (LSMD=1.9; ES=0.33; P=.08). Significant improvements in CSFQ-14 Total score at Day 43 were observed across age groups and CSFQ domain scores, with both sexes having significant improvements in pleasure and arousal/ excitement. Improvements in depressive symptoms may be linked to improvement in sexual functioning. Conclusions: Adjunctive lumateperone 42 mg did not worsen sexual functioning and was not associated with treatment-related sexual dysfunction in patients with MDD with inadequate response to ADT. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05061706.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Bromocryptine in levodopa response-losing parkinsonism. A double blind study.

23 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were allocated in a double-blind study of bromocryptine. These patients had an insufficient or deteriorating response to levodopa treatment. The dosages of levodopa were optimal and stabilized 3 months prior to and during this 5-month study. The addition of bromocryptine in high doses (average daily dose 71 mg) induced a significant improvement in the total score of the Webster and the NUDS scales. The global assessment, both by the investigator and by the patients, also showed significant improvement. The efficacy of bromocryptine in these type of parkinsonian patients in a double-blind trial has not yet been established. The conclusion of this trial is that bromocryptine significantly increases the therapeutic effectiveness in these poorly levodopa responding parkinsonian patients.

Bromocriptine↗

PubMed1978

High plasma nortriptyline levels in the treatment of depression. I.

Following a 3-day single-dose kinetic study, 21 moderate to severely depressed inpatients were treated with 100 mg of nortriptyline nightly. Eighteen patients completed the 4-wk trial. The severity of depression was measured by weekly Hamilton Rating Scale and global rating. Blood for plasma nortriptyline estimation was taken at weekly intervals 12 h following the nighttime dose. There was a 6-fold variation in mean plasma nortriptyline levels, ranging from 120 microgram/L to 681 microgram/L. Patients with high plasma levels (greater than 200 microgram/L) showed significantly poorer clinical responses than those with levels in routine treatment, high plasma nortriptyline levels are significantly less effective than intermediate levels. Single-dose pharmacokinetic data obtained on the same patients showed a highly significant correlation with mean steady-state plasma levels obtained, which themselves correlated with clinical response. The value of predicting high plasma nortriptyline levels which are associated with poor response is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2024

Beyond water and soil: Air emerges as a major reservoir of human pathogens.

Assessing the risk of human pathogens in the environment is crucial for controlling the spread of diseases and safeguarding human health. However, conducting a thorough assessment of low-abundance pathogens in highly complex environmental microbial communities remains challenging. This study compiled a comprehensive catalog of 247 human-pathogenic bacterial taxa from global biosafety agencies and identified more than 78 million genome-specific markers (GSMs) from their 17,470 sequenced genomes. Subsequently, we analyzed these pathogens' types, abundance, and diversity within 474 shotgun metagenomic sequences obtained from diverse environmental sources. The results revealed that among the four habitats studied (air, water, soil, and sediment), the detection rate, diversity, and abundance of detectable pathogens in the air all exceeded those in the other three habitats. Air, sediment, and water environments exhibited identical dominant taxa, indicating that these human pathogens may have unique environmental vectors for their transmission or survival. Furthermore, we observed the impact of human activities on the environmental risk posed by these pathogens, where greater amounts of human activities significantly increased the abundance of human pathogenic bacteria, especially in water and air. These findings have remarkable implications for the environmental risk assessment of human pathogens, providing valuable insights into their presence and distribution across different habitats.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A randomized trial of omega-3 fatty acids plus inositol versus N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of depression and mania in emotionally dysregulated youth age 5-17 with and without autism traits.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the nutraceutical treatments combined omega-3 fatty acid plus inositol (O3I) versus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in children and adolescents with emotional dysregulation and the impact of the co-occurrence of autism traits (AT). Participants were male and female children (5-17) with emotional dysregulation and the presence/absence of AT, as defined by Child Behavior Checklist score, randomized to receive open-label O3I (1020 mg EPA and 1000-2000 mg Inositol) or NAC (1800-2700 mg) daily for 6 weeks. Clinicians measured severity and improvement of depression and mania with the NIMH Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGI). Parents completed Parent-Youth Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Both O3I and NAC resulted in modest improvements in mania and depression and did not differ significantly in between group comparison in their effectiveness. Participants taking O3I, but not NAC, demonstrated statistically significant within group improvement in depression per CDI. Participants taking NAC had a greater decrease in P-YMRS scores versus O3I, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In the presence of AT, NAC was more effective than O3I for mania but not for depression. Further, participants taking NAC, but not O3I, demonstrated significant within group improvement in SRS and BRIEF scores. These results suggest that O3I and NAC may be beneficial for mania and depression in youth, with trends towards O3I more effective for depression and NAC more effective for mania. The presence of AT in youth with emotional dysregulation may moderate the impact of NAC.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Immersive virtual reality-assisted anatomy training improves endotracheal intubation performance in simulation: a randomized controlled trial among Chinese non-anesthesiology residents.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare immersive virtual reality (IVR)-assisted versus conventional anatomy training for teaching endotracheal intubation (ETI) to novice non-anesthesiology residents enrolled in China's Standardized Residency Training program. METHODS: A total of 90 non-anesthesiology residents without prior ETI experience were randomly assigned to either an IVR group receiving IVR-assisted anatomy training (n = 45) or a control group receiving conventional anatomy training (n = 45). All participants underwent a standardized teaching protocol. The primary endpoint was residents' ETI performance on a simulator, assessed using both the Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a task-specific checklist. The secondary endpoints included changes in written multiple-choice question (MCQ) scores and residents' evaluations of the course. RESULTS: In practical ETI assessments on a manikin, the IVR group achieved significantly higher scores on the task-specific checklist than the control group (90.34 ± 2.89 vs. 87.20 ± 3.29; p < 0.001), whereas GRS scores were comparable between groups. Both groups showed significant post-training improvement in knowledge scores (p < 0.001), with the IVR group showing a greater gain in theoretical knowledge (54.0% vs. 36.3%; p < 0.001). Participants in the IVR group also expressed a stronger preference for their training method (80.8%) and reported higher levels of motivation, confidence, and enjoyment (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IVR-assisted anatomy training enhances the effectiveness of ETI training for novice non-anesthesiology residents, offering an interactive, engaging, and reproducible approach within China's Standardized Residency Training framework.

Humans↗