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PubMed1978

Epidemiology of respiratory viral infection among paediatric inpatients over a six-year period in north-east England.

During a 6-year, hospital-based study at Newcastle upon Tyne five consecutive winter epidemics of respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus infection occurred; the virus was identified in 1428 cases, showing that 1 in 50 live-births were admitted to hospital with R.S. virus infection. Epidemics were inversely related to temperature and to number of hours of sunshine. Parainfluenzaviruses, the second largest group of pathogens, were identified in 543 cases; most infections by this group were due to parainfluenzavirus type 3, which accounted for admission to hospital of 1 in 300 live-births. Epidemics of parainfluenza type 3 showed a summer peak (there was often a second peak in autumn) and a positive correlation with temperature and number of hours of sunshine. Epidemics of parainfluenza 1 and 2 occurred together, but only every 2 years. Influenza A epidemics occurred every winter; they coincided with, and had the same climatic correlations as, epidemics of R.S. virus infections. Influenza A was the second most frequently identified virus, and was associated with the admission to hospital of 1 in 100 to 1 in 500 live-births. Knowledge of the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections may help in the planning of preventative measures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx/larynx and lung in North Thailand: case-control study and analysis of cigar smoke.

The unusually high relative frequency of cancer in the laryngeal region in males (18% of all histologically diagnosed cancers) and a sex ratio of unity for lung cancer in Northern Thailand were further explored in a hospital-based case-control study in Chiang Mai. This compared patients having cancers of the oral cavity (including oropharynx), larynx, hypopharynx and lung, with controls in relation to smoking and chewing habits. Statistical analysis indicated that chewing betel is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral cancer in both sexes, and with cancer of the laryngeal region in males. No factors were strongly linked to lung cancer in men, but, in women, urban residence and miang chewing were associated with lung cancer. Analysis of smoke from the two main types of cigars smoked in the region showed that both had high tar content, but there were marked differences in pH. Smoking cigars with alkaline smoke and high tar had an increased risk for laryngeal cancer in males, whereas other cigars with acid smoke and high tar together with manufactured cigarettes had increased risks for lung cancer. These increased risks were not, however, statistically significant.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Association of ERBB4 and SHBG gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Indian women: a case-control genetic analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinological disorder with a substantial genetic component. However, the role of genes involved in follicular development and androgen regulation remains incompletely understood, particularly in South Indian populations. This study aimed to evaluate how variations in the ERBB4 and SHBG genes affect PCOS risk. METHODOLOGY: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 400 South Indian women, comprising 200 women with PCOS and 200 age-matched healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted to study SNPs at ERBB4 (rs2178575 and rs1351592) and SHBG (rs1799941 and rs727428) using ARMS-PCR genotyping. The study compared genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls while assessing their associations with allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, and over-dominant genetic models. Genotyping accuracy was confirmed by re-genotyping and Sanger sequencing of a subset of samples. RESULTS: The ERBB4 rs2178575 polymorphism demonstrated a significant association with PCOS, as the AA genotype and A allele combination increased risk across all three genetic models, including homozygous, recessive, and allelic models. The ERBB4 rs1351592 variant was associated with 3-fold higher risk of PCOS in heterozygous and GC carriers. The SHBG rs1799941 polymorphism showed a significant link to PCOS through its effects on heterozygous and allelic states, whereas rs727428 displayed no significant connection due to its monomorphic distribution. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in ERBB4 and SHBG may contribute to PCOS susceptibility in South Indian women in a locus- and model-specific manner, revealing the intricate genetic structure that defines this medical condition.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Benzodiazepine drugs in general medical patients.

Data from a hospital-based drug surveillance programme were used to determine how often benzodiazepine drugs were used in general medical wards. Benzodiazepines were the drugs most commonly used as hypnotics and were given to 32% of these patients. Concomitant use of more than one benzodiazepine drug or of benzodiazepines with other psychoactive drugs was common and often irrational. A series of double-blind patient-preference studies comparing various benzodiazepines and a benzodiazepine with an antihistamine showed that for short-term hypnotic effect there were no differences between three common benzodiazepines but elderly patients preferred benzodiazepines to the antihistamine, which produced more undesired effects. These results suggest that currently diazepam is the hypnotic of choice for medical ward inpatients.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗

PubMed1979

Adverse reactions to drugs in general practice.

Of 817 patients in a general-practice survey of adverse reactions to drugs, 41% were thought to have "certainly" or "probably" had a reaction to the drug prescribed. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems were the most frequently reported, and 90% of reactions had occurred by the fourth day of treatment. More patients given drugs acting on the central nervous system and antihistamines reported reactions than those in other categories. A higher incidence of adverse drug effects is shown in this general-practice survey than in other, mainly hospital-based, surveys. Further intensive surveillance for adverse effects of drugs is recommended to provide additional information on the burden of drug-induced disease in the community.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Clinical and Genetic Predictors of Sickle Cell Nephropathy: A Global Systematic Review.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects nearly 300,000 newborns annually worldwide, with 80% born in Africa. Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) affects 5-18% of patients with SCD and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Identifying SCN-associated factors would promote effective clinical management. We conducted a global systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number: CRD42020185763) to explore clinical and genetic correlates of SCN. We sought after cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies published up to December 31, 2024 that reported on clinical and/or genetic predictors of SCN in different populations globally. A total of 70 hospital-based study articles were finally included, with a leading percentage (45.7%) of the included studies performed in the United States, whereas 24.3% were from Sub-Saharan Africa. Most had a cross-sectional design (68.6%) involving children and adults. Genetic studies (17/70) identified associations with α-thalassemia, APOL1, and HMOX1 genes. The only genome-wide association study identified six suggestive variants in CRYL1, VWF, ADAMTS7, LRP1B, linc02288, and FPGT-TNNI3K/TNNI3K among adult patients. In conclusion, this systematic review (1) unpacks and highlights the role of clinical, genetic, and biochemical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of SCN and (2) reveals the consistent association of SCN with the 3.7 Kb deletion in HBA and variants in APOL1 and HMOX1 genes. This systematic review underscores the paucity of data from Africa, emphasizing the need for large-scale prospective studies on African SCN cohorts. Our findings also provide a foundation for the early identification of individuals at risk for SCN and the avenues for clinical and public health management strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review summarizing risk factors for kidney dysfunction in SCD populations worldwide, which includes, specifically, a meta-analysis for APOL1 association with albuminuria.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Utility of Dynamic MRI in Surgical Outcome of Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The utility of dynamic MRI (dMRI) in surgical planning and outcomes for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) has not been validated in any prospective randomized trials. METHODS: In this hospital-based randomized controlled trial conducted between February 2023 and December 2024, patients with DCM were randomized into 2 groups: the Static MRI Group, where surgery was guided by conventional static MRI alone, and the dMRI Group, in which dMRI was performed, with the potential to alter the surgical approach. The primary outcome was recovery rate (RR) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included postoperative changes in modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores and Nurick grades, surgical plan alterations, comparison of surgical approaches, and complication rates. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were analyzed at a 3-month follow-up. The dMRI group had a significantly higher mean RR (55.42% ± 29.05%) than the Static group (46.76% ± 29.51%) ( P = .044). A RR of ≥50% was observed in 91.9% of patients in the dMRI group, compared with 59.4% in the static MRI group ( P = .002). Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores improved more in the dMRI group (15.47 ± 2.62 vs 13.77 ± 2.66, P = .007). While Nurick grades improved in both groups, the intergroup difference was not statistically significant ( P = .151). dMRI altered the surgical plan in 59.5% of cases. Anterior approaches yielded better RR but had more complications. By contrast, posterior approaches had fewer but more severe complications including mortality. CONCLUSION: dMRI enhances the detection of clinically significant cord compression and may aid in surgical decision-making, potentially contributing to superior functional outcomes in DCM. Further studies are required to determine its impact on long-term functional outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Knowledge on the Haemophilia Care Among Healthcare Providers in Tanzania: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder associated with recurrent bleeding, disability, and mortality when diagnosis and management are delayed. In low- and middle-income countries, limited diagnostic capacity, access to treatment and gaps in Healthcare Providers' (HCPs') knowledge are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. In Tanzania, the recent improvement in haemophilia services highlights the need for systematic evaluation of HCPs' knowledge and clinical practices. OBJECTIVE: The study assessed the knowledge of haemophilia care among healthcare providers in Tanzania. METHODS: A multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs in tertiary and regional hospitals in Tanzania. A structured self-administered questionnaire assessed knowledge on haemophilia, including the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 27. RESULTS: Among 799 HCPs assessed (50.9%) aged 20-29 and (59.2%) males. Nurses were the majority (31.8%), and 75.2% had ≤5 years' experience. Overall haemophilia knowledge was high (median 83.3%, IQR: 75.9-88.9), strongest performance in general knowledge and weakest in treatment (68.2%, IQR: 54.5-77.3). Most respondents identified haemophilia as inherited (95.6%), non-infectious (93.7%), and recognized prolonged bleeding after injury or circumcision as key-symptoms (>90%). Knowledge varied by cadre, department, and experience (p<0.05); physicians and specialists scored higher than nurses, while health attendants scored lower. CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers demonstrated fairly adequate general knowledge of haemophilia. However, gaps remain in understanding genetic inheritance, acquired haemophilia, and modern treatment strategies, with knowledge variation by cadre, department, and experience, highlighting the need for targeted education across all HCPs groups.

Tanzania↗

PubMed2026

MMP-2 rs243865 Polymorphism as a Risk Modifier of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwanese Males, Smokers and Alcohol Consumers.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling and HCC progression. This study investigated the associations of two functional MMP-2 promoter polymorphisms, rs243865 and rs2285053, with HCC susceptibility in a Taiwanese population and explored their potential interactions with environmental risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan), involving 298 HCC patients and 889 age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls recruited in Taiwan. MMP-2 rs243865 and rs2285053 genotypes were determined utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Stratified analyses were used to explore their potential interactions between MMP-2 genotypes and environmental factors including sex, smoking and alcohol drinking status. RESULTS: No significant association was observed between HCC susceptibility and either rs243865 (CT+TT versus CC: odds ratio (OR)=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87-1.66, p=0.2944] or rs2285053 (CT+TT versus CC: OR=1.12, 95% CI=0.86-1.46, p=0.4219). Similarly, allelic analyses revealed no significant effects. Interestingly, stratified analyses demonstrated significant gene-environment interactions for rs243865. Male carriers of the TT genotype exhibited an increased HCC risk (OR=3.24, 95% CI=1.12-9.37, p=0.0488). Among smokers, the TT genotype was associated with a markedly elevated risk (OR=6.46, 95% CI=1.65-25.29, p=0.0055), while alcohol drinkers carrying the TT genotype showed the highest susceptibility (OR=9.69, 95% CI=1.99-47.13, p=0.0022). No significant association was found for rs2285053 genotype in any genetic variant and subgroup. CONCLUSION: Although MMP-2 rs243865 and rs2285053 do not independently determine HCC susceptibility, rs243865 T allele may serve as a genetic biomarker for identifying Taiwanese males, smokers, and alcohol drinkers at elevated risk of HCC. These findings highlight the importance of gene-environment interactions in hepatocarcinogenesis and support the incorporation of genetic information into personalized HCC risk assessment and prediction strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Revealing the Association of LIG1 Genetic Variants With Pterygium Susceptibility and Demographic Characteristics in a Taiwanese Population.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder associated with long-term ultraviolet exposure and/or oxidative DNA damage. Accumulated evidence suggests that defects in DNA repair pathways may contribute to pterygium risk. DNA ligase I (LIG1), a key enzyme involved in DNA replication and base excision repair, has been involved in the etiology of several human diseases, including cancers. However, its role in pterygium has never been examined before. This study aimed at exploring the association between the LIG1 genotypes and pterygium risk in a Taiwanese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The hospital-based case-control study was conducted including 165 patients with pterygium and 320 age- and sex-matched non-pterygium controls. LIG1 rs20579 genotypes were accessed utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Stratified analysis and the calculation of odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for evaluating the associations between genotypes and pterygium risk. RESULTS: Individuals carrying the homozygous variant AA genotype exhibited a significantly elevated risk of pterygium compared with those carrying the GG genotype (OR=2.74, 95% CI=1.17-6.43, p=0.0305). Under the recessive model, the AA genotype conferred a 2.65-fold elevated risk (95% CI=1.14-6.18, p=0.0350). The variant A allele was also associated with increased susceptibility (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.03-2.07, p=0.0413). Stratified analyses revealed significant associations specifically among individuals aged ≥60 years (OR=5.64, 95% CI=1.67-19.04, p=0.0039) and males (OR=5.23, 95% CI=1.74-15.73, p=0.0034), but not those of younger ages or females. CONCLUSION: The LIG1 rs20579 genotype is significantly associated with pterygium susceptibility in Taiwanese individuals, particularly among elderly and male subjects. These findings support the involvement of impaired DNA repair machinery in pterygium pathogenesis and suggest that LIG1 rs20579 may serve as a novel genetic biomarker for risk assessment and early detection of pterygium.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Development and external validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting chronic kidney disease progression in the Korean population.

BACKGROUND: Current risk stratification models, such as the Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE), exhibit variable performance across ethnic groups and fail to capture dynamic clinical trajectories. This study aimed to develop and validate a Korean-specific machine learning (ML) model for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression using an ensemble approach. METHODS: We used electronic health records from Seoul National University Hospital for model development (n = 28,209) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) CKD cohort for external validation (n = 3,960). The primary outcome was a composite of ≥40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or progression to end-stage renal disease within 2 years. A soft-voting ensemble of four ML algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and Random Forest) was developed. RESULTS: The ensemble model demonstrated robust discrimination in internal validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.939; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.934-0.944), significantly exceeding the KFRE (AUROC, 0.879-0.884). External validation in the KoGES cohort showed comparable discrimination (AUROC, 0.859; 95% CI, 0.798-0.914) versus KFRE (four-variable AUROC, 0.882; 95% CI, 0.818-0.935). Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis identified baseline eGFR, serum creatinine, eGFR slope, albumin, and hemoglobin as key prognostic features, supporting a complementary framework using KFRE for community screening and the ML model for hospital-based risk stratification. CONCLUSION: The ensemble ML model accurately predicts short-term CKD progression in Korean patients. By incorporating longitudinal features and ensemble learning, it provides a precise alternative to Western-derived equations, particularly in tertiary care settings.

Chronic kidney failure↗

PubMed2025

Resistance & virulence traits in dermatophytes isolated from Mangaluru, India.

Background & objectives Dermatophytes are accountable for the majority of fungal skin infections globally, affecting 20-25 per cent of the world population. Though not fatal, these infections have significant psychosocial impacts and reduce the quality of life. Prevalence of the infection varies geographically, influenced by factors like social practices, migration and climate. Understanding the pathogenicity of dermatophytosis including virulence factors and drug resistance, is necessary to identify factors that predispose recalcitrance. Methods A prospective hospital-based study was carried out in the dermatology departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Mangaluru, India from November 2018 to March 2021. We included 93 individuals of recalcitrant tinea infections, and excluded those with diabetes or those under immunosuppressive therapy. Skin scrapings from lesions were cultured, and DNA extracted for ITS sequencing. All samples were processed for antifungal susceptibility testing, and mutation analysis in squalene epoxidase gene for representative isolates and virulence factor assays. Results Of 93 clinically diagnosed individuals with dermatophytosis, dermatophytes were recovered in 70.96 per cent samples, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex being the most common agent. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed high MICs for fluconazole, terbinafine and itraconazole in several isolates, indicating in-vitro resistance. Mutation analysis for six isolates revealed missense mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene. Virulence activity analysis showed high enzyme production levels among isolates, contributing to their pathogenicity. Interpretation & conclusions These findings underscore the complexity of dermatophytosis and emphasize the need for persistent tracking of antifungal resistance patterns and virulence factors. Such insights are vital for developing effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes due to rising antifungal resistance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of population-specific polygenic risk scores for blood lipids: insights from Taiwanese cohorts and multiancestry meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Blood lipids are heritable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the genetic architecture of lipid traits and the performance of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) remain underexplored in East Asian (EAS) populations, including Taiwanese Han individuals. METHODS: We conducted genome-wide association studies and PRS analyses for five lipid traits: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol. Lipid profile data were obtained from the China Medical University Hospital cohort. PRSs were evaluated on the basis of their correlations with measured lipid levels. To evaluate trans-ancestry PRS transferability, localized models were systematically compared against models derived from discovery-stage GWAS meta-analyses incorporating five ancestry groups from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. The performance of the PRS models in predicting lipid-related diseases was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS: The population-specific PRS models explained 11%-40% of the variance in lipid levels within the target cohort. Models leveraging global multiancestry GWAS meta-analysis weights revealed limited predictive performance (r 2 = 0.04-0.19), whereas analyses incorporating EAS-specific data yielded higher correlations (r 2 = 0.13-0.30), although these correlations did not exceed those derived from the hospital-based cohort alone. When combined with age and sex, the PRS models demonstrated strong predictive performance for coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and ischemic stroke, with area under the curve values of 0.910, 0.926, and 0.854, respectively. CONCLUSION: Population-specific PRS models derived from a Taiwanese population outperformed meta-analysis-derived frameworks in predicting lipid levels and demonstrated substantial potential for predicting CVD risk, indicating the importance of ancestry-matched genetic studies in precision medicine.

LDL-C/TC ratio↗

PubMed2026

Clinical, epidemiological, and genomic evidence on mpox in mainland China, 2022-2025: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Since 2022, mpox has expanded globally with sustained human-to-human transmission and increasing evidence of MPXV genomic diversification. In mainland China, mpox evidence has accumulated rapidly, but clinical, epidemiological, and genomic findings remain fragmented. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases up to March 2, 2026, and integrated literature-derived evidence with public MPXV sequences from GenBank, GenBase, and GISAID. Literature-derived data were used to map clinical-epidemiological characteristics, study-level genomic evidence, sequencing coverage, and reported lineage distribution. Curated public MPXV sequences were used for phylogenetic reconstruction, amino acid mutation profiling, and APOBEC-like substitution analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were included: 32 addressed clinical or epidemiological evidence only, 25 addressed genomic evidence only, and one contributed to both domains. Fourteen hospital-based studies summarized 951 cases, showing that reported cases were concentrated among young adult men, with frequent MSM exposure (798/897, 89.0%; 95% CI 86.7-90.9%) and HIV co-infection (469/951, 49.3%; 95% CI 46.1-52.5%). Public sequence curation identified 231 unique mainland China MPXV sequences, of which 230 were used for phylogenetic and mutation analyses. Literature-based genomic evidence comprised 26 genomic studies, 37 study-level genomic records, and 31 reported-case units, including 414 sequenced cases among 530 reported cases (78.1%; 95% CI 74.4-81.4%). Clade IIb predominated among sequenced cases (412/414, 99.5%; 95% CI 98.3-99.9%), with C.1.1 and C.1 most frequently represented. Within the available dataset, public genomes represented multiple lineages and were unevenly distributed across regions and time. Mutation analysis revealed dispersed amino acid variation and a predominance of G>A and C>T transitions (73.0%). After collapsing recurrent substitutions to unique genomic sites, the proportion of G>A/C>T transitions decreased to 35.8% and further to 17.8% under a strict APOBEC3 motif definition, indicating that the observed mutation spectrum includes both shared lineage-associated substitutions and sequence-context-based APOBEC-like patterns. CONCLUSION: Available evidence indicates multi-lineage MPXV circulation and in mainland China, but interpretation remains constrained by uneven sequencing and lack of individual-level clinical-genomic linkage. Integrated genomic surveillance and standardized data linkage are needed to better characterize MPXV transmission and evolution.

APOBEC‑like substitutions↗

PubMed1976

Oral health services: a Delphi technique estimation of their role in adult inpatient rehabilitation programs.

This report presents the results of an investigation into one possible administrative route that would increase the accessibility and availability of dental services for the handicapped. Specifically, this paper assesses the desirability of, perceived level of need for, and feasibility of incorporating a dental service into the total hospital rehabilitation program for adults. The Delphi technique, a method of gathering the opinions of experts through a sequentially designed set of questionnaires, was used to ascertain the views of ten chairpersons of physical medicine and rehabilitation units. The results of this discussion indicate that the perceived need is great, that access to care is difficult, and that a feasible solution would be to establish a hospital-based dental service, preferably convenient to the rehabilitation dormitory, which would provide a full range of dental services.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed1975

Slide- tape sequence: a teaching aid in instrumentation.

A study at Wayne State University involving 34 medical technology students was conducted in an effort to provide supportive evidence for the use of selected audiovisual material in the teaching of instrumentation. The study did not conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of a slide-tape sequence in this university instrumentation course. However, the methodology and evaluative procedures may prove helpful to universities and hospital-based programs in determining the usefulness of their audiovisual material.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1978

Patient education in the community hospital.

Recent events have led to a favorable climate for the development of hospital-based patient education. A pilot model program in a community hospital is utilized to illustrate the variety of settings in which patient education is conducted, and includes: group classes, patient clubs, volunteer visits, individual instruction, community outreach, screening and detection programs, and behavior modification workshops. The use of television for inpatient education is highlighted in a discussion of media approaches and needs.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed2026

Short-term aerobic exercise as an adjunct treatment for depression in acute geriatric psychiatry: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial examined whether short-term aerobic exercise provided additional clinical benefit over an active control in older inpatients with depression in geriatric psychiatry. METHODS: 100 patients (mean age 76 years) were randomized to 2-week supervised aerobic ergometer training (intervention group, IG) or a flexibility program (control group, CG), both delivered in addition to treatment as usual (TAU). Adherence, training exposure and adverse events were recorded to assess feasibility. The primary outcome was clinical improvement measured with the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI). Secondary outcomes included depressive symptom severity assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and clinician-rated Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), physical activity, 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance, and fluoxetine-equivalent antidepressant dose (FLX). RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants attended at least 80% of sessions, with lower adherence in the IG. Weekly training duration differed between groups (74.0 ± 31.9 vs. 95.0 ± 25.3 min/week, p = .003). CGI did not differ between groups (IG: MD -0.31, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.05; p = .069). Depressive symptom severity decreased over time in both groups (p < .001), without significant between-group differences for HAMD (MD -0.22, 95% CI -2.55 to 2.12) or BDI-II (MD -0.62, 95% CI -3.68 to 2.45). 6MWT and FLX increased over time (both p < .001), without group differences (6MWT: MD -1.08 m, 95% CI -20.04 to 17.89; FLX: MD 5.69 mg/day, 95% CI -2.40 to 13.77). CONCLUSION: Short-term aerobic exercise was deliverable, but showed no additional clinical benefit over low-intensity flexibility during TAU. Further research should determine dose, duration and adherence for clinically relevant effects.

Humans↗