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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The use of phenological data to calculate chilling units in Olea europaea L. in relation to the onset of reproduction.

The aim of this study was to develop a practical method to evaluate the effective relationship between the amount of winter chilling and the response expressed as the spring reproductive re-starting dates in the olive (Olea europaea L.). Two olive cultivars growing in a special olive orchard in Umbria (central Italy) were studied over a 3-year period (1998-2000): the cultivar Ascolana, typical of central Italy, and the cultivar Giarraffa, typical of southern Italy. The spring reproductive restarts were assessed using data from detailed phenological observations made on 60 trees of each cultivar in an effort to establish the exact date of reproductive bud swelling. The chilling phenomenon was evaluated by using 341 functions derived from a formula developed by researchers at Utah State University to calculate chilling units. The mathematical functions are defined, and show the very close relationship between the amount of winter chilling and the spring reproductive response in the two cultivars in the orchard studied. The results can be used to define the relationship between local climate and plant development, and the mathematical approach can be used to draw maps that can show the suitability of different cultivars on the basis of local climatic conditions.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Re-attachment of the un-united trochanter in Charnley low friction arthroplasty.

In a prospective study, a double crossover wire with a compression spring was used to re-attach 52 un-united trochanters at revision operations on total hip arthroplasties. Bony union was achieved in 42 (81%) and was not influenced by the duration of the nonunion or the separation gap. The new method compared favourably with earlier revisions at which other methods of trochanteric re-attachment had been used.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Syringe suction drain.

A mini suction drain made up of a 20 cc glass syringe, a stainless steel spring and a scalp vein cannula (whose needle end has been cut off and multiple holes made in the distal 2.5-5 cm) is described. It is very useful in preventing postoperative haematoma formation, in nasogastric tube suction, in easy drawing up of fluids from vials, and in exploration of deep seated abscesses and collections. It is inexpensive, as syringe and spring can be re-used after sterilisation by autoclaving.

Hematoma↗
PubMed2003

Effects of a cold treatment of the root system on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) morphogenesis and nitrogen reserve accumulation.

The ability of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to undergo cold acclimation is an important determinant of its persistence in mixed swards since growth rate at low temperatures sustains higher clover contents at the start of spring. During a re-growth period following defoliation, a gradual exposure of the root system (cv. Grasslands Huia) led to some physiological and morphological changes of cold-adaptive significance, similar to those developed by clover ecotypes originating in northern areas of Europe. Thus, cold exposure of the root system resulted in small-leaved prostrate forms of white clover after one month of re-growth. Similarly, cold exposure increased the ability of plants to store nitrogen since the application of low temperatures to the root system enhanced soluble protein accumulation in roots and in stolons. More specifically, cold exposure of the roots induced gene expression of a vegetative storage protein (17.3 kDa VSP) in both organs. These results demonstrate that the root system of clover plants should be a site of perception of the low-temperature stimulus, and gave rise to the question of the transduction of the cold signal from the roots to the aerial parts. On the basis of this study and taking into account molecular aspects concerning the clover VSP, it is suggested that this protein could participate in cold acclimation in addition to its role in nitrogen storage.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1982

Accurate repositioning of the human thumb against unpredictable dynamic loads is dependent upon peripheral feed-back.

1. The strategy of accurate movement of the human thumb has been studied in nine subjects. An open-loop hypothesis, which states that a new final position is defined by re-setting the agonist/antagonist spring constants, was tested2. Subjects were trained to flex the top joint of the thumb rapidly through 20 deg in about a third of a second from a fixed starting position against a load. Occasionally, and unpredictably, the viscous friction of the load was altered prior to it's being moved. The spring hypothesis predicts that such a change in load should have no effect on final position accuracy.3. Under normal conditions no final position error developed when the viscous friction was increased. A small overshoot occurred when the viscous friction was decreased.4. The electromyogram recorded from surface electrodes over the belly of flexor pollicis longus in the forearm revealed an increase in activity in response to an increase in viscous friction and a decrease in activity when the viscous friction was reduced.5. When the joint and cutaneous afferents from the thumb were anaesthetized, the e.m.g. response to a change in viscous friction was severely attenuated and consistent final position errors developed.6. Even though the compensatory open-loop muscle properties went some way towards maintaining accuracy, the change in final position error that occurred as a result of thumb anaesthesia correlated well (r = 0.84) with the amount of muscle e.m.g. response that was lost.7. The latency of the e.m.g. response to a change in viscous friction was compared to that of a voluntary response by asking the subject to push down or let go upon perception of the load change. Approximately the first 100 ms of the e.m.g. response was unaffected by the voluntary intervention of the subject.8. We conclude that the spring hypothesis does not explain human thumb movement. It is argued that the long-latency stretch reflex machinery is responsible for some automatic compensation for unexpected interference with movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pregnancies in women with diabetic nephropathy: long-term outcome for mother and child.

In order to improve the basis upon which to advise women with diabetic nephropathy about pregnancy, we studied the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the course of pregnancy, perinatal outcome, infant development and long-term outcome of the mothers. All pregnancies of women with diabetic nephropathy (defined as proteinuria > 400 mg/day (n = 26), creatinine clearance < 80 ml/min and hypertension in the first trimester (n = 10)) followed at our centre from 1982 to 1992 were identified (34 White class F and 2 White class T) and the women and their children re-examined in the spring 1993. From the first to the third trimester the percentage of women with proteinuria over 3 g/day increased from 14 to 53% and those treated with antihypertensive medication from 53 to 97%. There were no intrauterine or perinatal deaths, but one child died suddenly 4 weeks postpartum. Of 36 newborns (gestational week at birth 36(3), birth weight 2384(834) g)), 11 were born before week 34 and 8 had respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function in the first trimester, diastolic blood pressure in the third trimester and an HbA1c above normal were predictive of gestational age at delivery and low birth weight (stepwise regression analysis). At follow up of the children (n = 35, age 4.5 (0.4-10) years) the majority (n = 27) were normally developed but seven had psychomotor retardation (four of them major). One child had a severe motor retardation due to a congenital anomaly. At follow up, 21 of the 29 mothers had preserved renal function (creatinine 1.3 (0.8-4.3) mg/dl and 8 had developed end stage renal disease and required dialysis (2 of whom were White class T) within 3 (1-9) years postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Influence of the pollen season on immediate skin test reactivity to common allergens.

We studied the reproducibility of skin prick test reactions and tested 65 young men, picked from a population survey, in spring and fall. We used 16 extracts from two manufacturers with 12 common allergens. The extracts employed on both occasions were from the same allergen batches and the testing procedure was the same. Four subjects who reacted negatively in spring turned positive when re-tested in fall; the opposite happened to one subject. The result remained positive or negative on both occasions in 92%. The best reproducibility (96%) was obtained by pollens. The reactivity against tree and grass pollens was higher in fall than in spring; this is obviously a result of the immunologic stimuli induced by exposure to pollens during the season. The reactions caused by animal danders and house dust were, however, smaller in fall than in spring. This is believed to be due to young people being less exposed to indoor dust in summer. The immediate skin test reactivity is influenced by several factors; we would like to add one: the time of year when the test is applied. The reproducibility of skin prick test results is quite satifactory when the problem is approached as presented here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Review of the status of foot and mouth disease in countries of South America and approaches to control and eradication.

Since the signing in 1987 of the Hemispheric Plan for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PHEFA) by the countries of South America, clinical cases of foot and mouth disease (FMD) have decreased significantly throughout the continent. During the early 1990s, national laboratories diagnosed an average of 766 cases per year in South America. By the late 1990s, this continent-wide average had fallen to 130. By the end of the 1990s, the international community recognised Argentina, Chile, Guyana and Uruguay as free of FMD without vaccination. In 1999, clinical signs of FMD were absent in 60% of all cattle of the continent. These cattle represented 41% of all herds in South America and extended over 60% of the geographical area of the continent. However, in the spring of 2001, FMD re-appeared in certain countries of the Southern Cone. This widespread re-occurrence of the disease in Argentina, Uruguay and the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil called into question the basic premise of the PHEFA--that countries in South America can achieve and maintain FMD-free status, with or without vaccination. The authors suggest that these countries can regain their FMD-free status by supporting the PHEFA. A successful disease eradication strategy relies on high levels of vaccination, effectiveness of outbreak responses, and control of animal movement. This strategy must have a regional, not national, focus and must be based on risk analysis methodology. The multilateral administration of vaccination campaigns and field activities to ensure wide and simultaneous vaccine application, along with primary prevention and joint border activities, is the key to eradicating FMD and maintaining areas free of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The importance of catchment and lake processes in the phosphorus budget of a large lake.

Total phosphorus (P) river inputs and lake concentrations for the Neagh system in Northern Ireland are compared from the period 1974-1997. The main routes of P transfer between the lake water and the sediment are settlement of abiotic particles and planktonic diatoms, summer sediment release and re-sedimentation in the last months of the year. The annual river loading to the lake varied between 0.7 and 1.8 g P m(-2), and sediment release can be as much as 1.4 g P m(-2). A simple model evaluated the effect of sediment-water exchanges on the phosphorus available for spring phytoplankton growth. It showed that re-sedimentation of released P and washout over the winter greatly mitigated its effect. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the very large summer releases of sediment P were not related directly to the spring inputs from diatom settlement. No long-term trends in P release were seen.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed2004

An analysis of canine hair re-growth after clipping for a surgical procedure.

Hair growth and replacement have been studied extensively in humans, sheep and laboratory rodents, but in dogs and other mammalian species few studies have been published. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the time required for the hair to re-grow in dogs after clipping for a surgical procedure; (2) to define whether the season of the year influenced the period of time required for re-growth and; (3) to determine if season might influence the telogen: anagen ratio. Eleven Labrador retrievers were recruited during spring, 10 during summer, six during autumn and 10 during winter. Hairs re-grew to their preclipped length in 14.6 weeks, 14.5 weeks, 13.6 weeks and 15.4 weeks when shaved in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The differences in these values were not significant suggesting that season has no effect on the rate of hair re-growth in Labrador retrievers housed indoors (P = 0.12). The mean values for the telogen: anagen ratio in each season were: 5.2 (spring), 6.1 (summer), 9.5 (autumn), and 5.3 (winter). The differences in these values also were not significant (P = 0.89). The percentage of hairs in telogen was over 80% in all four seasons.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of potential duplicates in barley gene bank collections using re-sampling of microsatellite data.

Redundant duplication among putative Nordic spring barley material held at 12 gene banks worldwide was studied using 35 microsatellite primer pairs covering the entire barley genome. These microsatellite markers revealed an average of 7.1 alleles per locus, and a range of 1 to 17 different alleles per locus. Similarity of accession name was initially used to partition the 174 repatriated accessions into 36 potential duplicate groups, and one group containing 36 apparently unique or unrelated accessions. This partitioning was efficient to produce a distribution of mainly small average genetic distances within potential duplicate groups compared to distances from the group of unique accessions. However, comparisons within potential duplicate groups still contained large genetic distances of the same size as distances between unique accessions indicating classification errors. A bootstrap approach based on re-sampling of both microsatellite markers and alleles within marker loci was used to test for homogeneity within potential duplicate groups. The test was used in each group for sequential elimination of accessions with a significantly large average genetic distance to identify a homogeneous group. Such genetically homogeneous groups of two or more accessions were identified in 22 among the 36 potential duplicate groups studied. Results from the genetic analysis of some potential duplicate groups supported previous conclusions based on passport data through inclusion of the historically most-original accession in the genetically homogeneous group. In other potential duplicate groups the apparently most-original accession according to passport data was not included in the homogeneous set of accessions, indicating that this most-original accession does not have duplicate accessions in the group. During the present study the largest average genetic distance accepted in any homogeneous group was smaller than the smallest distance declared significant in any group, with a threshold average genetic distance of approximately 0.14. The results are discussed with respect to the identification of duplicate accessions within potential duplicate groups, as well as the elimination of genetic off types in such groups. Furthermore, large barley gene bank collections may be screened for potential duplicates with genetic distances below the suggested threshold of 0.14.

Gene Library↗