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Results for “Internal-External Control”

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Differential effects of heart rate modification training on college students, older males, and patients with ischemic heart disease.

Seventy male subjects participated in a six session study of feedback-mediated heart rate modification. Three groups of subjects were compared: (1) college students, (2) patients with ischemic heart disease, and (3) healthy males, age-matched to the patients. The groups did not differ in heart rate during rest or in response to a perceptual-motor tracking task. However, the college students produced significantly larger changes in cardiac rate than the other two groups when instructed to modify heart rate (speed or slow) and provided with exteroceptive feedback. The patients showed the poorest overall feedback performance. These differences between groups were greater for speeding than for the slowing task. Relationships were explored between feedback performance and resting heart and respiration rate, drug regime, and personality questionnaires. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that interdependence between psychological stimuli and cardiovascular events is reduced in heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a pilot school health education program for asthmatic children.

A pilot program was conducted and evaluated as a part of the development of a health education program designed to meet the needs of a specified target population. By focusing on a group of children with a common chronic health problem, it was possible to measure specific variables to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Outcome evaluation together with subjective process information resulted in modification and changes in the program prior to implementation with a larger number of children and schools. The pilot phase conducted with a small number of children was demonstrated to be a critical part of the overall program development.

Asthma↗
PubMed1977

Personality.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aggression↗
PubMed2026

Genetic insights into the relationship between age at menarche and mental health-related phenotypes.

BACKGROUND: Multiple observational studies have reported associations between age at menarche (AAM) and mental health problems, yet their shared genetic architecture remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We leveraged genome-wide association study summary statistics for AAM and 15 mental health-related phenotypes. We conducted a multi-method integrative analysis encompassing linkage disequilibrium score regression, pleiotropic analysis under the composite null hypothesis, functional mapping and annotation, multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation, pathway enrichment, and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore shared genetic architecture and potential causal relationships. RESULTS: Our study identified significant genetic correlations between AAM and eight mental health-related phenotypes (miserableness, fed-up feelings, nervous feelings, ever thought that life is not worth living, ever self-harmed, depression, ever smoker, and age started smoking in former smokers). A total of 155 pleiotropic loci, 18 colocalized loci (e.g., 6q16.3), and 203 pleiotropic genes (e.g., LIN28B) were identified. These genes are expressed in multiple regions, including the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, and are involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways. Additionally, MR analysis revealed causal associations between AAM and 5 mental health-related phenotypes (mood swings, miserableness, fed-up feelings, and age at which smokers started smoking in former/current smokers). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed extensive genetic associations between AAM and mental health-related phenotypes, and further explored the potential causal relationships between them. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship from a genetic perspective and establish a foundation for future research to explore the biological pathways and environmental interactions contributing to these associations.

Genome-Wide Association Study↗
PubMed1977

Internal-external expectancy, maladjustment and psychotherapeutic intervention.

This paper reviewed research on the relationship between internal-external expectancy, maladjustment and psychotherapeutic intervention. The implications drawn from the studies reviewed were: (a) externality is related to poor psychological adjustment and (b) psychotherapy can be effectively utilized to modify expectancy.

Anxiety↗