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PubMed1976

Prediction of body density in young and middle-aged men.

The purpose of this investigation was to predict body density of young (18-22 yr) and middle-aged (40-55 yr) men and to determine if generalized equations were appropriate to both populations. The dependent variable, body density, was determined by the hydrostatic technique. Independent variables included 7 skinfold fat, 11 girth, and 7 diameter measures; age; height; and weight. Mean body density for young men was 1.068 g/ml (SD +/- 0.014) and percent fat, 13.4 (SD +/- 6.0); the values for middle-aged subjects were 1.043 g/ml (SD +/- 0.0130) and 24.7% (SD +/- 5.9). Incomplete principal components analysis was used to examine the dimensions measured by the independent variables, and these analyses revealed differences between samples. Using multiple regression analysis, with the exception of girth measurements, the slopes of the regression lines were equal. For all analyses, however, the intercepts were different. These results confirmed the need for different regression equations for these populations. The most accurate prediction for young men was with two skinfold, four girth, and two diameter measures (R = 0.88; SE = 0.0069 g/ml); two skinfold and three girth measures accurately predicted body density for middle-aged men (R = 0.84; SE = 0.0074 g/ml).

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1976

What middle-aged men know of their parents' cause of death and age at death. A comparison between history and death certificate.

Middle-aged men's knowledge of the circumstances of their parents' diseases and death is reliable to such an extent that it can be used when appropriate for therapeutic purposes in familial diseases. This conclusion is based on findings in a health examination survey of 441 middle-aged men in Uppsala, Sweden where the men were asked whether their parents were dead and, if so, the known cause of death and at what age they had died. The information reported was then compared with the official data kept by the authorities. In 87% of cases it was possible to perform such a comparison. The study showed good conformity of the two sources, in general.

Accidents↗

PubMed2026

[Efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral block combined with thoracic nerve block for acute herpes zoster neuralgia involving upper thoracic dermatomes in middle-aged and elderly patients].

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with pectoral nerve block (Pecs) in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) involving the upper thoracic segments in middle-aged and elderly patients, a prospective study was conducted. A total of 70 middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN who visited the Department of Pain Medicine at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, from June to December 2023, were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. The control group received TPVB once weekly for a total of 3 sessions, while the experimental group received TPVB combined with Pecs block using the same regimen. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), treatment satisfaction score, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), rescue analgesia, and adverse events. Assessments were conducted at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment, and between-group differences were compared. Ultimately, 33 patients in the experimental group and 31 in the control group completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. The results showed that both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores, PSQI, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and satisfaction scores compared with baseline (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower VAS scores and higher satisfaction scores at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05), as well as significantly lower PSQI, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of PHN, rescue analgesia, or adverse events (all P>0.05). This study demonstrates that compared with TPVB alone, the combination of TPVB and Pecs block provides better pain relief, improves sleep quality, and alleviates anxiety and depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN, with a favorable safety profile.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Haptic exploration in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults.

Matching accuracy and strategy utilization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was examined in a series of intramodal, haptic match-to-standard problems. Subjects were presented with 2-, 3-, and 4-comparison stimulus arrays and asked to locate by touch alone the comparison stimulus that exactly matched the standard. Results indicated that elderly adults, in comparison to young and middle-aged adults, were less successful in solving the haptic problems. Furthermore, they also displayed less systematic and logical haptic search strategies. Discussion of the results focused on the competence-performance distinction and the relation of selectivity and performance during the aging process.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Developmental analysis of human figure drawings in adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age.

Analyzed 195 human figure drawings (HFDs) of adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged adults in terms of developmental differences in anxiety signs, grouped into aggressive-hostile and insecure-labile categories, and according to sex-role stereotype, as measured by the Broverman Sex-role Stereotype Scale. Adolescent males and females were significantly more likely to obtain more anxiety signs than the two adult groups, although young adults and middle-aged adults did not differ from one another in HFD performance. The most reliable sex difference was that males reveal significantly more aggressive-hostile indices in the HFDs relative to females; no significant sex differences were obtained for number of insecure-labile indices. The degree to which one has adopted a conventional sex-role stereotype was not predictive of anxiety sign differences in HFD performance for either sex or for any age group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Identity and crisis in middle aged men.

The authors selectively review disparate literature bearing on the issue of the male mid-life transition. There is considerable evidence that the entrance into middle age is associated with stress and often maladaptive patterns of reaction. There is little available information, however, on the specific nature of the stressors, their differential impact, or the factors associated with the individual's attempted style of adaptation to them. Through the process of exploring relevant findings from sociology, social and clinical psychology, and popular fiction we attempt to specify a working model of the experience of entering middle age. The authors see this model as being of heuristic value in that it specifies a number of dimensions to be operationalized which may, together, provide a more holistic view of the changes in the self-system undergone by the middle aged male.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

[Efficacy and safety of acute-phase transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for herpes zoster-related pain in middle-aged and elderly patients with comorbid depression and anxiety].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) during the acute phase in middle-aged and elderly patients with herpes zoster (HZ) comorbid depressive and anxiety states. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Forty middle-aged and elderly patients with acute-phase HZ who attended the Department of Dermatology at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2024 to June 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio using a random number table to receive either taVNS (n=20) or sham stimulation (n=20) for 5 consecutive days. Both groups received antiviral therapy and on-demand rescue analgesia. Pain, anxiety/depression, and sleep quality were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of subacute pain at 30 days post-rash onset. Secondary outcomes included cumulative analgesic consumption at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, the changes from baseline (Δ values) in PHQ-4 and ISI scores at 2 weeks, and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) at 90 days post-rash onset. Results: In the taVNS group, 7 patients (35%) were female, with a mean age of (64.1±9.7) years; in the sham group, 10 patients (50%) were female, with a mean age of (61.5±8.5) years. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in baseline VAS, PHQ-4, or ISI scores (all P>0.05). The incidence of subacute pain was significantly lower in the taVNS group than in the sham group [5% (1/20) vs 35% (7/20), RD=-30.0% (95%CI:-52.1%--4.9%); RR=0.14 (95%CI: 0.02-1.06); P=0.044]. At 2 weeks after treatment, the Δ values of PHQ-4 and ISI in the taVNS group were significantly greater than those in the sham group. The proportion of patients taking Lofentadine and the cumulative Lofentadine consumption at weeks 1 and 2 were both lower in the taVNS group than in the sham group (all P<0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in either group, and the difference in PHN incidence between groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Acute-phase taVNS appears to be feasible and safe in middle-aged and elderly patients with HZ and comorbid depressive and anxiety, effectively reducing subacute pain and improving emotional and sleep outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Three-year follow-up of middle-aged men with low blood pressure.

The blood pressure (BP) development in 142 middle-aged men with BP within the lower region of the BP distribution (supine BP less than or equal to 120/70 mmHg) has been studied. Over a 3-year period there was a moderate but significant rise in supine systolic BP but not in supine diastolic BP. However, no subject developed hypertension defined as supine BP greater than or equal to 175/105 mmHg. These findings support the assumption that among middle-aged men the hypertensives are recruited from the upper part of the BP distribution. Subjects with low BP may be rescreened at longer intervals, if at all.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Comparative adipokine profile in middle-aged master athletes, untrained adults, and young individuals.

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ involved in metabolic regulation and systemic inflammation, processes that are altered during aging. Nevertheless, the adipokine profile associated with lifelong physical training in master. athletes remains incompletely characterized. AIM: This study investigated circulating concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, insulin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin and adiponectin-to-resistin ratios in four male groups: endurance master athletes (ME), master sprinters (MS), untrained middle-aged adults (UMA), and untrained young adults (YU). METHODS: ME (n = 17, 50.5 ± 9.6 years), MS (n = 30, 50.3 ± 6.2 years), UMA (n = 16, 48.5 ± 7.5 years), and YU (n = 23, 23.7 ± 4.0 years) underwent anamnesis, anthropometric assessments, and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and insulin using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Significant group differences were observed for all variables (p < 0.001). UMA exhibited higher concentrations of leptin, insulin, and resistin, together with an elevated leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and a reduced adiponectin-to-resistin ratio compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). MS also presented higher leptin and insulin levels and an increased leptin-to-adiponectin ratio compared. with YU (p < 0.05), as well as a lower adiponectin-to-resistin ratio (p < 0.05). Overall, effect sizes were large across outcomes, and master athletes displayed a more favorable adipokine profile than untrained middle-aged adults, suggesting potential metabolic adaptations associated with lifelong training. CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged master athletes exhibited a more favorable adipokine profile than untrained middle-aged adults, with values approaching those observed in young individuals.

Adipose tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of correlation between serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and blood pressure in middle-aged men.

The activity of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was measured in 1194 asymptomatic middle-aged men with diastolic blood pressure ranging from 75 to 125 mm Hg during the baseline examination of a multifactorial intervention program for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. No correlation was present between serum DBH activity and systolic (r = -0.01, NS) or diastolic (r = +0.02, NS) blood pressure. No significant differences in serum DBH activity was observed between individuals with blood pressure in the lower, middle or upper deciles. Serum DBH activity was similar in subjects with normal blood pressure, in individuals with widely fluctuating blood pressure and in patients with fixed hypertension. The results suggest that serum DBH activity cannot be used as an aid in the diagnosis of essential hypertension of middle-aged men.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Regional adipose tissue cellularity in relation to metabolism in young and middle-aged women.

Body composition and total number of fat cells were investigated in 31 randomly selected women 52 yr of age and in 13 young women (mean age 22 yr) whose body weights were within plus or minus 10% of the ideal weight. Two of the 52-year-old women were obviously obese and excluded. Regional determinations of adipose tissue thickness, fat cell size, and number were also determined. Middle-aged women had more body fat (BF) but a lower body cell mass (BCM) than the younger group. The increased BF in the middle-aged women was exclusively explained by larger fat cells, since the younger women had a significantly higher total number of fat cells. This increase was also found when differences in height, body weight, and body fat were matched out. Local fat cell number was also increased in the younger group. Local fat cell size was increased in all regions investigated in the middle-aged women, but the increase was particularly pronounced in the abdominal region. The highest degrees of correlation between fat cell sizes of different regions were found between the epigastric and hypogastric regions and between femoral and gluteal regions. Furthermore, the plasma insulin levels correlated with the fat cell sizes of the abdominal region but not with those of the femoral or gluteal regions. In conclusion, the data might indicate that the fat cells of the abdominal region are more sensitive to nutritional and/or hormonal factors than those of other regions. This may in turn indicate the existence of different fat cell populations.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1975

Item recognition following a multiple-item study trial for young and middle-aged adults.

The presence study contrasted young and middle-aged subjects on two components of a recognition memory task (a modified verbal discrimination task) that differed in level of difficulty. No age decrement was found for the easier component requiring discriminability between the oldness and newness of items. In addition, age was not a factor in determining the effects of prior relevance or irrelevance of item information on old-new discriminability. An age decrement was found for the more difficult component requiring discriminability in terms of an old item's prior function in the study list. The decrement occurred for the identification of prior function of both right and wrong items.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Perceptions of onsets of young adulthood, middle age, and old age.

Male and female undergraduates and older community volunteers were asked their opinions as to the age of onset of young man- and womanhood, middle-age man- and womanhood, and old man- and womanhood. Data indicated that older respondents generally judged onsets of both middle and old age to occur significantly later than did young respondents and that women retarded middle- and old-age onsets, compared with men respondents. Men were generally seen as reaching transition points at a somewhat later age than women. Both sex and age of perceiver, as well as sex of the perceived, are variables in the perception of onsets of middle and old age, with onset of young adulthood a relatively fixed age for all respondents. The results were not considered compatible with interpretation of sex differences in stage onsets based upon sex-related occupational-role discontinuities.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Blood pressure in middle-aged people in Albury and Melbourne - implications for screening.

Prevalence rates of hypertension and its treatment in two population samples of middle-aged people, one in Albury and one in Melbourne, are described. On average, Italian-born subjects had lower pressures than their Australian-born neighbours. The proportions of Australian-born people in the two centres who had been previously diagnosed were respectively 22% and 32% and the proportions with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg were 13% and 9%. About one half of the latter had never been told they had high blood pressure. Postal follow-up in the second post-survey year indicated that treatment rates had nearly doubled, many people with relatively low survey pressures stating they were now on therapy. Screening may precipitate over-use of antihypertensive drugs. The recent finding that 80% of middle-aged people in Albury had been to a doctor in the previous 12 months and that in a high proportion the blood pressure had been measured suggests that control of hypertension in Australia may be best achieved by developing surveillance in the context of ordinary medical practice.

Australia↗

PubMed1992

Little effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on serum lipid levels in middle-aged women.

To study the effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on physical fitness and serum lipid levels of middle-aged, nonsmoking females, a controlled study was conducted in 33 sedentary Swiss women. Seventeen women were randomly allocated to jog 2h/wk for 4 months on an individually prescribed and heart rate controlled base, whereas 16 women served as controls. Although leisure-time physical activity increased significantly in exercisers compared to controls, the average running distance of 10.9 km/wk was somewhat less than expected. The "net decrease" (4-month change in exercisers minus 4-month change in controls) in the sum of four skin-folds was -4.85 mm (p < 0.05). Four-month changes in serum lipids were generally small and nonsignificant. For example, the net decrease in total triglycerides was -0.2 mmol/l (p = 0.13). Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between changes in the waist-hip ratio and changes in total cholesterol (total-C) or the HDL/total-C ratio (r = 0.44, p < 0.01 and r = -0.29, p < 0.05, respectively). An increase in endurance capacity was associated with an increase in the HDL2-subfraction and in the ratio of HDL/total-C (r = 0.46, p < 0.05 and r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analyses confirmed a change in endurance capacity as the statistically strongest positive predictor of changes in HDL, HDL2 and the HDL/total-C ratio. However, women who used oral contraceptives did not show any favourable lipid changes despite a considerable improvement in endurance capacity. The present training study in healthy, habitually sedentary middle-aged women was not able to show the same beneficial changes in serum HDL concentration as seen in male counterparts, when analyzed according to the principle of intention-to-treat. Exploratory analyses revealed that a too low jogging activity as well as a confounding effect of oral contraceptive use may partially account for the lack of significant changes in serum lipid levels after training.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

A 3-year follow-up of middle-aged men with borderline blood pressure.

Ninety-eight middle-aged men with untreated borderline raised blood pressure (BP) have been reexamined after three years. Twenty-five subjects were considered to be hypertensive, motivating a shorter interval for rescreening. Systolic BP had decreased in 23%, diastolic BP in 46% and both pressures in 15%. Those who developed hypertension had higher systolic BP at the initial examination. A family history of hypertension was more common in this group.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of Traditional Chinese Exercise and Equipment-Based Exercise on Glycaemic Control and Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a critical window for preventing progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both vitamin D deficiency and physical inactivity are associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study compared the effects of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) and Kuanle Equipment Exercise (KEE) on glycaemic measures, lipid profiles, body composition and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] in middle-aged and elderly adults with prediabetes. METHODS: We conducted a 12-week, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involving 62 participants with prediabetes (mean age 55.2 ± 8.4 years; 88.7% female). Participants were randomly assigned to control (usual care, n = 21), TCE (n = 20), or KEE (n = 21). Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h OGTT glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum 25(OH)D3. Secondary outcomes comprised triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and body composition. RESULTS: At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D3 was 21.53 ± 3.90 nmol/L. At 12 weeks, both TCE and KEE improved FPG, 2-h OGTT glucose, HbA1c and 25(OH)D3 versus control (all p ≤ 0.001). Relative changes in FPG were -9.4% (TCE) and -15.2% (KEE) versus -1.5% (control); corresponding changes were -14.6% and -21.2% for 2-h OGTT glucose, -6.7% and -12.9% for HbA1c, and +60.6% and +81.9% for 25(OH)D3. Direct TCE-KEE comparisons were not significant (all p > 0.05). In an exploratory analysis, change in 25(OH)D3 was inversely associated with change in 2-h OGTT glucose (partial r = -0.358, p = 0.006), but not with FPG, HbA1c, or triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Both TCE and KEE improved glycaemic outcomes and increased serum 25(OH)D3 compared with usual care in middle-aged and elderly adults with prediabetes. Although KEE produced numerically larger estimates, direct between-group comparisons were not significant, and the superiority of KEE over TCE was not established. These vitamin D findings require confirmation in trials that quantify sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

The voice clone intelligibility benefit in noise in middle-aged listeners.

Research with younger adults showed that cloned voices are more intelligible than human voices in noise, with a benefit of 13.4%. This study tested whether this benefit extends to 40 middle-aged listeners (45-65 years), as this population may show emerging difficulties with speech-in-noise. Participants recognised sentences by ten human voices and ten voice clones in four noise levels. Cloned voices were 11.8% more intelligible, with benefits enhanced at the two most severe noise levels (15.9% at -6 dB and 17.5% at -3 dB), suggesting cloned speech enhanced perception in middle-aged listeners, potentially by reducing listening effort and compensating for emerging age-related auditory-cognitive decline.

Humans↗