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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Finishing broiler toms using an estradiol 17 beta implant together with a high energy-low protein final feed.

Wrolstad Small White toms were implanted with 10 mg of estradiol 17 beta monopalmitate (EMP) at 8 weeks of age. Common corn-soybean meal feeds were given through to 12 weeks, then one-half the birds from control and EMP groups received either an adequate (16% protein, 3166 kcal ME/kg) or high energy-low protein (HE-LP, 12%, 3373 kcal) feed to 14 weeks. No differences in weight gain and feed conversion occurred between EMP and control treatments at 12 weeks but at 14 weeks when the HE-LP diet had been fed the implanted birds performed better than controls. The HE-LP feed led to body weights and feed efficiencies below that of toms given adequate diet. In all cases, EMP elicited male secondary sex characteristics rather than feminization. Processing losses were increased with EMP and when the HE-LP feed had been given. Both treatments also improved finish assessment and were additive to the extent that a substantial increase in grade occurred. Effects on carcass composition, yield of commercial cuts, and cooking loss were small. Implantation, reduced meat yield percentage of breast and thigh. The increase in grade advantage from combining EMP with a feed that forced fat deposition more than compensated for the adverse effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A new proposal to adjust Moran's I for population density.

We analyse the effect of using prevalence rates based on populations with different sizes in the power of spatial independence tests. We compare the well known spatial correlation Moran's index to three indexes obtained after adjusting for population density, one proposed by Oden, another proposed by Waldhör, and a third proposed by us in this paper. We find an effect of spatially correlated populations in the type I error probability on the test based on Moran's and Waldhör's indexes. We conclude also that the test proposed by Oden is powerful to test risk heterogeneity, but it has disadvantages when the interest is solely on the spatial correlation of morbidity risks. In this latter case, we recommend using our proposed test which is more powerful than the usual Moran's index applied directly to the rates.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Protein kinase C modulates neurotransmitter responses in Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain RNA.

Oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis express various exogenous neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels when injected with RNA from excitable tissues. The oocytes serve as a convenient model system in which modulation of neurotransmitter responses can be studied. We examined the effects of activators and an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) on responses to serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), kainate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in oocytes injected with RNA from rat brain. The PKC activators beta-phorbol esters 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 4 beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), as well as the synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), significantly inhibited the responses to 5-HT and ACh (both known to be mediated by mobilization of intracellular Ca2+); the first (transient) phase of these responses was affected stronger than the second, slow phase. PKC activators also reduced the response to GABA. The effect of PDBu on the response to kainate was dual; either inhibition or potentiation were observed at different concentrations of PDBu. The inactive analogue of PMA, the alpha-PMA, was without effect on the responses to 5-HT and GABA. The PKC inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinesulfonyl-2-methylpiperazine (H7) suppressed the inhibitory effect of PDBu on 5-HT response. Amiloride, a blocker of the Na+/H+ exchange (which is known to be activated by PKC in some tissues), did not suppress the effects of PDBu. We concluded that activation of PKC down-regulates the responses to 5-HT, ACh and GABA, and has a dual effect on response to kainate. Possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Program monitoring for clinical practice. Specimen positivity across urine collection methods.

Urinalysis is a primary component of methadone programming. A clinic-based study was conducted to determine whether unsupervised urine collection is as reliable as other methods for detecting unauthorized drug use among methadone treatment clients. Drug positivity rates compared over a 30-week period revealed no significant differences as a function of collection method. Results confirm the efficacy of unsupervised urine collection using a heat sensitive strip or temperature indicator. Study findings also offer evidence to support clinical practice designed to ensure client privacy and dignity while maintaining standards for effective program monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Aromaticity of the Bergman, Myers-Saito, Schmittel, and directly related cyclizations of enediynes.

Aromaticity criteria (magnetic susceptibility exaltations, nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS), and aromatic stabilization energy (ASE) evaluations) for enediyne and enyne-allene cyclizations evaluated at (UBS)-BLYP/6-31G* all agree that the degrees of cyclic electron delocalization of the benzenoid systems formed by the Bergman (3) and Myers-Saito reactions (5) are comparable to benzene. The reaction enthalpy differences between the parent cyclizations and their benzannelated analogues are not entirely due to disparities in gained ASE during the reactions. The alternative formation of fulvene biradicals is not accompanied by favorable aromatic effects.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression.

A new retrospective interview assessment of childhood psychological abuse, an extension to the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) instrument, is described in a companion article (Moran, Bifulco, Ball, Jacobs, & Benaim, 2002). The purpose of the present article is to examine the relationship of childhood psychological abuse to other adverse childhood experiences and to major depression and suicidal behavior in adult life. Childhood experience and lifetime disorder were assessed retrospectively in a high-risk, community series of London women (n = 204). Psychological abuse from parents was examined in relation to seven other parental behaviors (neglect, antipathy, role reversal, discipline, supervision, physical abuse, and sexual abuse). Psychological abuse was significantly related to all seven behaviors. The highest associations found were to antipathy (gamma = .76), neglect (.73), and sexual abuse (.72). Factor analysis showed the existence of two factors reflecting care and control, with psychological abuse associated with both factors. Childhood psychological abuse was highly related to chronic or recurrent adult depression, with a "dose-response" evident for severity of abuse. The rates ranged from 83% for "marked" to 55% for "mild" abuse and 37% for "little/no" psychological abuse (p < .002). Psychological abuse was also related to lifetime suicidal behavior but here any level of abuse from marked to mild had similar rates (36% overall vs. 18% with no psychological abuse, p < .04). There was no evidence of specificity of childhood experience to adult depression; nearly all types of childhood adversity examined were significantly related. An analysis using an index of multiple abuse, including psychological abuse, showed a clear dose-response relationship to disorder. Somewhat fewer forms of maltreatment were related to suicidal behavior, but again multiples showed a clear dose-response effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced retention of urea-nitrogen in patients on total parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure.

Urea, the main end product of human nitrogen metabolism, is either excreted in the urine or salvaged for further metabolic interaction, through the activity of the colonic microflora. In patients on TPN (total parenteral nutrition) the bowel is 'defunctioned' insofar as the microflora are deprived of exogenous substrate, and it might be expected that urea salvaging is reduced to low levels. The recovery of labelled urea-nitrogen was measured in 7 patients on TPN and compared with 4 normals. Following a single intravenous dose of 15N15N-urea, urine was collected for 48h and analysed for 15N. In normals the median retention of 15N was 17% (range 13-17) of the dose compared with 38% (24-52) in 5 TPN patients not on antibiotics (p < 0.05). TPN patients on antibiotics retained 11 and 15%. Despite the absence of exogenous substrate, the 'defunctioned' bowel of patients on TPN appears more active in hydrolysing urea than in normals, and the hydrolysis is sensitive to the effect of antibiotics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Effects of risperidone on dopamine receptor subtypes in developing rat brain.

The atypical antipsychotic risperidone is often prescribed to pediatric patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, though its effects on the developing brain remain unclear. Accordingly, we studied the effects of repeated treatment of risperidone on dopamine receptors in brain regions of juvenile rat. Levels of dopamine receptors (D(1), D(2), D(3), D(4)) in forebrain regions of juvenile rats were quantified after 3 weeks of treatment with three different doses of risperidone (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and compared findings to those in adult rats treated with risperidone (3.0 mg/kg/day) previously. Risperidone (at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) increased levels of D(1) receptors in nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen of juvenile, but not adult rats. Conversely, all three doses of risperidone dose-dependently increased D(2) labeling in medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and D(4) receptor in nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen and hippocampus of juvenile animals as well as in adults. Only the high dose of risperidone (3.0 mg/kg) increased D(2) receptors in caudate-putamen in both juvenile and adult brain. D(3) receptors were not altered by risperidone in any brain region at any dose or age. The findings indicate dose-dependent effects of risperidone on dopamine receptors in developing animals, and that juvenile animals are more sensitive than adults to the cerebral effects of risperidone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A region of SV40 large T antigen can substitute for a transforming domain of the adenovirus E1A products.

SV40 large T antigen contains a small region of amino acid sequence, conserved among the papovaviruses, that shows considerable similarity to conserved domain 2 of the adenovirus E1A oncogene, a domain which plays an important role in the E1A transforming functions. To learn whether the analogous SV40 T antigen sequences could substitute functionally for E1A domain 2, a chimaeric gene was constructed, coding for T antigen amino acid residues 101 to 118 in place of E1A domain 2. The resulting product showed much of the activity of the wild-type E1A products. It induced proliferation of primary BRK cells and cooperated with the ras oncogene to transform these cells fully. In addition, the chimaeric protein coprecipitated two cellular proteins whose specific binding to the E1A products depends on the presence of domain 2. The activity of the chimaeric product suggests that a similar functional unit exists in the transforming proteins of both SV40 and adenovirus, and that these proteins may exert their cell growth regulating effects through similar mechanisms.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Lysine needs of summer-reared male broilers from six to eight weeks of age.

Experimentation was conducted to estimate dietary lysine needed to optimize production of summer-reared broilers between 42 to 56 d of age. Male Ross x Ross 308 chicks were placed in floor pens of an open-sided house and provided common feeds from placement to 42 d of age. During the subsequent 42 to 56 d, birds received a corn-soybean meal basal diet (18% CP and 3,250 kcal/kg ME) established to provide limiting essential amino acids favorably balanced near requirement levels with the exception of lysine. Four 0.10% increments of L-lysine isonitrogenously displaced L-glutamic acid from the basal diet to provide analyzed values progressing from 0.85 to 1.25%. Body weight gain and mortality were not altered as dietary lysine increased; however, feed conversion linearly improved. Chilled carcass yield, amount of abdominal fat, and recovery of skinless boneless breast meats were not affected. Measurements on nitrogen balance and plasma levels of total protein, albumin, glucose, and uric acid taken at 49 d from a concurrent study using sample birds in raised-wire cages and identical feeds also failed to define a requirement. However, plasma aspartic transferase increased to a maximum approximating 1.05% lysine, whereas free lysine concentration linearly increased to the highest level. Overall data supported a lysine requirement no less than 0.95% that was greater than the previous minimum of 0.85% obtained under similar terms without heat stress. Suppression of growth from heat stress appears to reduce the absolute need for lysine; however, increased dietary concentration appears necessary to accommodate depressed feed intake and improve its effectiveness.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of plaque accumulation after topical application and mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine gluconate.

This study measured plaque accumulation on anterior teeth after topical or mouth rinse application of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Compared with water plaque scores were highly significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in plaque scores between topical application or mouth rinsing. The importance of locally adsorbed chlorhexidine is emphasised and the relevance of an oral reservoir effect questioned.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of two doses of aprotinin in patients receiving aspirin before coronary bypass surgery.

This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of two different doses of aprotinin in patients receiving aspirin before undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Forty-two patients were randomized to receive either placebo (group I), or aprotinin in doses of 4,000,000 KIU (group II) or 6,000,000 KIU (group III). Drug efficacy was determined by measuring postoperative blood loss and transfusion of blood products. Both doses were effective in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements. Blood loss through thoracotomy drainage was 450 +/- 224, 182 +/- 144, 142 +/- 98 ml, respectively, for control and treatment groups II and III (p = 0.0001). The numbers of patients with blood transfusions were seven (50%), two (17%) and two (17%) for group I and treatment groups II and III, respectively (p = 0.10). Tolerability was excellent and complications few and reversible. In conclusion, high and medium doses of aprotinin were well tolerated and reduced bleeding and transfusion requirements in patients submitted to coronary bypass surgery under the effects of aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Nasogastric tubes after elective abdominal surgery is not justified].

There is no need for systematic nasogastric tube after elective abdominal and digestive surgery. Expected benefits are comfort for the patient, reduction of pulmonary morbidity, and rapid oral feeding. Only 5% of the patients will need a subsequent placement of nasogastric tube, due to vomiting and abdominal distention, with no adverse effects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

A 14-week vapor inhalation toxicity study of methyl isobutyl ketone.

In a 2-week probe study male and female Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed 6 hr/day to 2000, 500, 100, or 0 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). At 2000 ppm there was a slight increase in male rat liver weight (absolute and relative). The only changes observed histologically were increases in regenerative tubular epithelia and hyalin droplets in kidneys of male rats exposed to 2000 or 500 ppm. Exposure levels for a subchronic study were 0, 50, 250, or 1000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone vapors 6 hr/day, 5 days per week, for 14 weeks. The 14 weeks of exposure had no adverse effect on the clinical health or growth of rats or mice. Male rats and male mice exposed to 1000 ppm MIBK had a slight but statistically significant increase in liver weight and the liver weight/body weight ratio. Liver weight was also increased slightly in male mice exposed to 250 ppm. No gross or microscopic hepatic lesions related to MIBK exposure were observed. Furthermore, the only microscopic change observed was an increase in the incidence and extent of hyalin droplets within proximal tubular cells of the kidneys of male rats exposed to 250 and 1000 ppm of MIBK. The relevance of the male rat kidney tubular effect to humans is not known. In conclusion, other than the male rat kidney effect, exposure of male and female rats and mice to MIBK at levels up to 1000 ppm for 14 weeks was without significant toxicological effect.

Administration, Inhalation↗