PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Neoplasm Staging”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A system of staging musculoskeletal neoplasms.

A system for staging benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions is presented. This system, first devised at the University of Florida in 1977, was based on data assembled from 1968 through 1976. It was field tested by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research in 1980. In the ensuing five years, the system has undergone refinement. It has recently been adapted by the American Joint Committee Task Force on Bone Tumors and proposed by them to the International Union Against Cancer (IUCC) for international usage. Based upon histologic grade (G), anatomic site (T), and presence or absence of metastases (M), it describes the progressive stages, irrespective of histogenesis, that assess the progressive degrees of risk to which the patient is subject. This system articulates well with current radiologic techniques of staging and serves as a useful guide in the selection of an appropriate definitive surgical procedure. Its usage permits comparative end result studies on the effect of surgical and nonsurgical methods of management.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in staging uterine neoplasm with imaging: a review.

This review analyzes current pitfalls in pretreatment staging of endometrial and cervical carcinoma with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on a critical review of the literature. Technical, patient, and tumor-related characteristics were analyzed to improve further staging of uterine neoplasm with MRI. For endometrial carcinoma staging, contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging appears essential to avoid false-positive findings for deep myometrial invasion by better delineating tumor from normal myometrium. However, leiomyomas, adenomyosis, and grade 3 tumors provide difficulties in staging for pathologists and radiologists. Slice orientation perpendicular to the long axis of the cervical channel might improve false-negative findings for deep stromal invasion on T2-weighted images in endometrial and cervical cancer. Contrast-enhanced sequences do not improve diagnosis of parametrial or vaginal invasion in cervical cancer. Assessment of lymph node invasion by any imaging modality has limited sensitivity in detecting lymph node metastasis smaller than 5 mm. Knowledge of diagnostic criteria is critical to avoid false-negative findings for bladder wall invasion. Higher spatial resolution with dedicated multichannel pelvic phase array coils, smaller fields of view and section thickness, and careful comparison of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced sequences are strategies that might avoid misinterpretation of pelvic MRI in staging uterine neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of gas-filled bladder: method of staging bladder neoplasms.

Current methods of staging bladder carcinoma have many disadvantages. A new method of staging bladder tumors employing computed tomography (CT) of the gas-filled bladder is presented. Representative cases are demonstrated. Direct visualization of the extent of the tumor and adjacent soft tissue structures is possible. CT scanning of the gas-filled bladder is a promising new method for staging bladder tumors and following their response to therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Magnetic resonance staging of neoplasms of the uterus.

The treatment of patients with uterine neoplasms may be significantly altered by the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. A noninvasive and accurate means of staging these tumors is therefore desirable. This article discusses the magnetic resonance imaging techniques and findings that are essential for the accurate staging of uterine neoplasms. The imaging findings are presented following a discussion of the histopathologic findings, clinical presentation, diagnosis and staging, pathways of tumor spread, and treatment of each neoplasm. A comparison of magnetic resonance and other imaging techniques is also provided.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Optic pathway tumors. A review with proposals for clinical staging.

Neoplasms of the optic nerves and pathways usually present during the first decade of life with loss of visual acuity. Neurofibromatosis is frequently associated with optic nerve tumors. Computed tomography has improved the capability of diagnosis, exact anatomic delineation of the mass, and clinical follow-up of afflicted patients. The tumors are typically slow-growing, low-grade astrocytomas. Posterior lesions involving the chiasm and hypothalamus may produce considerable morbidity and eventual mortality. Timing and appropriate methods of therapeutic intervention continue to be controversial. Symptomatic patients with blindness and involvement of a single optic nerve may be managed with surgical intervention alone. Posterior lesions with symptomatic progression should be treated with radiation therapy and with cerebrospinal fluid diversion when hydrocephalus occurs. Because these lesions evolve slowly, patients experience prolonged survival, and the benefits of radiation therapy are inconclusive. Clinical staging systems should consider both the functional status of patients and the anatomic extent of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of blood group antigens in bladder cancer: current concepts.

Blood group antigens are a group of carbohydrate structures bound to membrane lipids or proteins of erythrocytes and certain epithelial tissues including urothelium. The Lewis antigens are structures that are genetically and biochemically related to the ABO blood group. The ABO and Lewis blood group systems are differentially expressed in the normal urothelium of "secretors" versus "nonsector" individuals. The normal urothelium of "secretors" is rich ABH, Leb, and Ley antigens while the urothelium of "nonsecretors" does not express these antigens. Therefore, deletion of ABH antigens, commonly noted in TCC, can only be reliably ascertained in "secretor" individuals. Neoexpression of the Lewis X antigen (which is absent in normal urothelium) is noted in over 85% of TCC regardless of tumor stage and grade. Immunocytological detection of the Lewis X antigen on exfoliated bladder epithelial cells enhances the detection of urothelial tumor cells, particularly from low grade and low stage neoplasms.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2006

The use of preoperative endoscopic tattooing in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery for endoscopically advanced tumors: a prospective comparative clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic India ink marking techniques are often used for the intraoperative location of colonic polyps and early stage neoplasms. The aim of this study was to compare how effective this technique is compared with conventional localization methods, as well as its influence on the results of colorectal laparoscopy (LSCRC) for endoscopically advanced tumors. METHODS: From January 2003 to January 2005, 47 patients with colorectal carcinomas were included in the study. In one group, lesions were localized preoperatively by endoscopic India ink tattooing (n = 21; tattooed group, TG), while conventional methods were used in the others (n = 26; non-tattooed group, NTG). Patients' perioperative clinical and pathoanatomical data were prospectively collected. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), technique performed, tumor size and proportion of patients who had previous abdominal surgery. Three patients presented ink spillage without clinical repercussions. Visualization of the correct resection site was higher in the TG (100% vs. 80.8%, P = 0.03). Operative time (147.3 +/- 46.2 vs. 187.0 +/- 52.7 minutes, P = 0.02) and blood loss (99.3 +/- 82.8 vs. 163.6 +/- 96.6 cc, P = 0.03) were lower in the TG. There were no differences between groups regarding peristalsis, introduction of oral intake, hospital stay or intra- and postoperative complication rates. No differences were observed amongst pathoanatomical data studied. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative endoscopic tattooing is a safe and effective technique for intraoperative localization of advanced colorectal neoplasms, improving the operative results of LSCRC.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Unsuspected widespread cardiac sarcoma in a child.

The case of a patient with an undifferentiated metastatic cardiac sarcoma is presented. A thallium-201 tumor study was performed to evaluate lung nodules. Thallium-201 chloride was injected intravenously and whole body images, as well as single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) imaging of the chest, were obtained and reconstructed. They were displayed in three planes and then reconstructed again in cardiac planes. Multiple unsuspected metastases were found in the lower extremities. Viable tumor was demonstrated in both cerebral hemispheres. The lung nodules were not clearly identified. However, cold areas in the myocardium were detected corresponding to the findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In retrospect, at least one abdominal metastasis was identified. Whole body tumor imaging plays an important role in finding unsuspected primaries and in staging neoplasms to optimize patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and staging of neoplasms of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a minimally invasive and highly accurate method of detecting mediastinal lymph-node metastases in gastrointestinal and lung cancer. Little information is available regarding the use of EUS-FNA to stage tumors in the head and neck region. This study reports experience with EUS in the diagnosis and staging of these tumors and their mediastinal spread. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of patients who underwent EUS for diagnosis and/or staging of head and neck tumors were reviewed. Referral criteria were suspected invasion of the esophagus by a lower-neck mass on cervical computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or mediastinal lymphadenopathy > 10 mm on a chest CT. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (23 men, nine women; mean age 65 years, range 44 - 80) were referred and underwent 35 EUS examinations. In one patient, EUS was not possible due to a benign esophageal stricture. In 17 patients with suspected esophageal invasion on CT scans, EUS demonstrated invasion of the esophagus in four cases and of the pleura in one; 12 tumors showed no visible invasion of adjacent structures. The other 17 examinations were carried out for suspected mediastinal metastatic disease. In eight cases, EUS-FNA confirmed metastatic disease, whereas only benign changes were shown in the other nine cases. EUS-FNA also provided the first tissue diagnosis in two primary tumors and identified malignancy in one patient with no CT suspicion of positive mediastinal lymph nodes. EUS avoided the need for more invasive investigations in all patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and it changed the management in 12 of the 17 patients (71 %) with suspected esophageal invasion and in eight of the 17 patients (47 %) with suspected mediastinal disease. CONCLUSIONS: EUS with FNA provides a viable approach to the diagnosis and staging of tumors in the head and neck region when there is a suggestion of esophageal invasion on CT or MRI, or enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. EUS with FNA may avoid the need for mediastinoscopy or other more invasive techniques for staging of these neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of magnetic resonance (0,5 T), computed tomography, and endorectal ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of neoplasms of the rectum-sigma. Correlation with surgical and anatomopathologic findings].

Eighteen cases of rectal carcinoma were staged preoperatively with transrectal endosonography (EUS), CT and MRI (0.5 T). The results were compared with surgical specimens and histology to evaluate the accuracy of the imaging modalities in staging rectal carcinomas which had been quantified according to Astler-Coller's classification. All methods identified the lesion (100% sensitivity). EUS and MRI correctly staged 8 cases (44%) and CT 9 cases (50%). CT and MRI mistakes were relative to overstaging, whereas EUS understaged 4 cases (22%) and overstaged 6 cases (33%). In local tumor staging ("T" variable), CT and MRI understaged no lesions, thus exhibiting 100% sensitivity, which was higher than EUS sensitivity (92%). Conversely, CT and MRI more frequently overstaged the lesions, thus demonstrating lower sensitivity than EUS (55% and 50%, respectively, versus 76% for EUS). As for the "N" variable, EUS identified node metastases in one case only (25%) and misdiagnosed as positive 4 cases of negative node involvement. All the C-stage lesions were correctly diagnosed by CT and MRI (whose findings were in agreement) which also overstaged as C three cases with hyperplastic node enlargement. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS, which was highest for the A and B1 stages, progressively decreased for bigger lesions, clearly understaging node involvement. On the contrary, CT and MRI accuracy rates were lower in small tumors involving the rectal wall only, whereas they always identified tumor spread beyond the bowel wall into perirectal fat, and node metastases. Therefore, to conclude, EUS can be used first: in case of extraluminal tumor spread, CT is the method of choice, more accurate than MRI in identifying node involvement and equally effective in evaluating perirectal fat infiltration and pelvic structures involvement. Whenever the pelvic floor is involved, MRI is the best imaging method, thanks to its multiplanar capabilities, for better detailing of musculoskeletal involvement.

Aged↗