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PubMed1977

A model teacher education program in health occupations at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.

The Health Occupations Teacher Education Program at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. has been shown to be a viable and productive model for the preparation of health occupations teacher for both traditional and non-traditional educational settings. Since 1971 the undergraduate program has grown from twelve students to 30 students on-campus, with more than two hundred students in the extramural and part-time programs. Recruitment has been accomplished through professional association meetings, journals and personal contacts. More recently, persons have heard of the program through extramural classes and from students, graduates or University personnel who have become familiar with the program. Program development has been effected through the "capstone" concept, which allows for transfer of technical credit in one's specialty, capped by teacher education courses and concentrated courses to enhance one's expertise in the teaching role. Courses developed by the HOTEP faculty are based on perceived student needs, and were designed as both integrative and collaborative courses to be taken with other health care practitioners and teachers. Evaluation procedures have shown the health occupations teacher education program to be effective in preparing graduates for their predicted roles. The numbers of new students, kinds of health practitioners, and numbers of graduates have increased steadily. Implementation of courses into the Health Occupations Teacher Education Program curriculum has been gradual, so that the undergraduate core of courses is now considered to be nearly complete. Much curriculum planning has already been completed on the master's program, from which some students have already graduated. A doctoral program is also open to those ready for this level of preparation. More time and effort needs to be and will be expended on courses for the master's and doctoral level programs being developed. This health occupations teacher education has been a transportable model for similar programs begun at several other U.S. universities. Many requests have been received from health occupations teacher educators from other states wishing information on this program. Experience gained in this program shows that there is a need for more health occupations teachers in the State of Illinois (2). More requests are being received both at the program and individual levels. Graduates of the program have attested to the benefits of a multidisciplinary program in its effectiveness for preparation in the health care team concept. Student teaching, according to present students and graduates, is the single most effective experience in preparation for the future teaching setting. Since students are placed in a facility resembling as closely as possible the one in which they expect to be employed, there is a real identification with the school and students. The uniqueness of this program lies in its mix of students from the various health fields...

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1978

[Occupational health in Belgium].

The author describes briefly the state of occupational health in Belgium. The organization and the activities of occupational health services and the legislation regarding the compensation of work accident and occupational diseases are first outlined. The training of occupational physicians in medical schools is also described as well as the trend of research activities in occupational health in Belgium.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health nursing in Canada: its social foundation and future.

Our purpose in examining the social foundation of occupational health nursing is to better determine the future direction of the profession and its impact on a diverse workforce. Part of what makes up the profession of occupational health nursing is found in its definition: a process that is determined by the interaction between the occupational health nurse, worker, work and workplace; its goal is to assist the worker to achieve his or her optimal level of functioning, primarily through health education, health promotion, prevention of disease and injury and crisis intervention. Much of occupational health nursing is also based on its history and the traditions that have been established. A true understanding, then, of what occupational health nursing's future can be comes from a solid understanding of the history of the profession. As social trends in the past affected the profession, so will they in the future.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Municipal occupational health services for small workplaces. Background and general methodology of the study.

This paper deals with the new Occupational Health Service Act of Finland, as well as the background, scope and general methodology of a walk-through survey. The study comprised 163 small places of work within two municipal health center areas, and the primary objective was to determine their need for actual occupational health services. The workplaces were surveyed for a comprehensive picture of their physical and chemical hazards, as well as for knowledge of first-aid preparedness, need for job-related health counseling, personnel facilities, personal protection, and the required ergonomic and safety activities at the workplaces within the community. This ad-hoc information was considered essential for the planning of a nationwide occupational health program, and, more specifically, an assessment could be made of the utility of health personnel in reducing and preventing occupational health and safety risks at small places of work. More specific details of the sample and methodology are reported in other communications.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2026

Influence of built environment on occupational health of women workers in tea plantations of India: a systematic review.

The built environment, comprising homes, buildings, roads, public spaces, infrastructure, land use, civic design, and amenities, has a considerable influence on occupational health. In India's tea plantations, where women comprise majority of the workforce, the built environment plays a crucial role in determining occupational health. The aforementioned point can be explained by the co-occurrence of living and working conditions, which often coexist in tea plantations, further resulting in vulnerabilities to the health of women workers. Therefore, to understand the influence of built environment on the occupational health of women workers in tea plantations of India, the present paper employs a systematic review using the PRISMA 2020 framework. In the first search, 421 studies were identified, of which 21 studies met all the inclusion criteria. A quality appraisal and risk of bias of the included studies have been undertaken. The results identified that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most prevalent occupational health consequence, affecting over 80 % of the women workers in Indian tea plantations, substantiated by a range of estimates in the studies reviewed. Gendered disparities in wage earning, self-autonomy, and dual responsibilities often lead to emotional distress, as delineated in minimal of the reviewed studies, grounded on self-disclosed or qualitative analysis. Further, deprived housing conditions and other facilities across the reviewed studies reflect institutional negligence. Therefore, by conducting a systematic synthesis of occupational health of women workers in the Indian tea plantation sector through the lens of the built environment, prior accounts have been extended. Addressing these issues is essential for safeguarding women workers, which will ensure the longevity of the Indian tea industry.

Female↗
PubMed1979

The role of the occupational health nurse in South Africa.

The improvement of the quality and quantity of occupational health care is a major issue in South Africa. The role of the nurse in the delivery of this care was examined at a workshop conference on 'The role of the occupational health nurse in South Africa'. In this article, the conclusions of the conference are reported, and the problems identified in developing the role of the nurse in this field are discussed.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1976

Applying management principles to the occupational health unit.

This paper presents the occupational health unit as a subsystem competing with other subsystems in the organization for limited resources. By applying management principles the nurse can design a program to show management its results in dollar terms. This will enable the health unit to compete more favorably with the other subsystems for limited resources. An example of how this approach can be applied to the problem of absenteeism is presented.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The experience of an occupational health centre during a prolonged work stoppage.

We describe the experience of the occupational health centre at the Sarnia Division of Dow Chemical Canada prior to, during and after a work stoppage of seven months duration. A descriptive analysis was performed of the occupational health case load during the work stoppage compared to the same period one year earlier. Total visits as well as those for dermatologic, upper respiratory, musculoskeletal and those associated with a non-occupationally related situation (e.g., sunburn) exceeded normal frequencies during the first ten weeks of the work stoppage. In particular, there was a peak number of visits during the first two weeks when a 'lock-in' prevented employees from visiting their own physicians except for emergency situations. In the Discussion section, recommendations are outlined to lessen the chance of adverse health effects in workers responsible for operating a chemical plant during a work stoppage.

Health Services Research↗
PubMed1975

Objective criteria for evaluating occupational health programs.

An objective scoring system is proposed as a single and flexible method of evaluating occupational health programs to appraise the extent to which existing programs approach a basic standard of excellence as defined by a theoretical model based on published and professionally acceptable guidelines and standards. This proposed system emphasizes the importance of an interdependent relationship between four program components: (1) guiding philosophy and policy; (2) organizational structure; (3) resources; (4) occupational health services, and it stresses the importance of long range health commitments to employee health status in contrasts to short range health commitments aimed primarily at an economic payoff to a sponsoring agency, institution, or company. The proposed evaluation scheme should enable self-evaluation by individual programs. Additionally, programs can utilize this evaluative tool to examine their influence on such important questions as employee hospital utilization and other specific elements of employee health in an objective, relatively simple manner.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Accreditation of occupational health programs: development and validation of criteria.

Defined standards and a mechanism for evaluation of performance can help promote new and improve existing occupational health programs. Criteria must be based on sound principles, be comprehensive, discriminating and attainable. They should apply to small and large establishments with varying hazards. A successful program requires a multi-disciplinary effort involving physicians, nurses, industrial hygienists, health physicists, safety professionals, managers, technicians and labor. Assessment by on-site peer review is necessary. The criteria and process for their use must be accepted by the professions, labor and management. The Occupational Health/Safety Programs Accreditation Commission plans to use the document entitled Standards, Interpretations and Audit Criteria for Performance of Occupational Health Programs in its accreditation activities. The development and validation of this document and its use are described.

Accreditation↗