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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intracolonic multiple pebbles in young adults: radiographic imaging and conventional approach to a case.

Most of the foreign bodies detected in adult gastrointestinal systems are accidentally swallowed pins. In this study, we presented a case with intracolonic multiple pebbles. A 20-year-old man was admitted to emergency surgery policlinic for abdominal pain for 2 d without any alleviation or aggravation. His upright plain abdominal radiographic imaging revealed about 30-40 overt dense opacities in lumen of colonic segments, with oval and well shaped contours, each approximately 1 cm multiply 1 cm in size. The multiplanar reconstructions and three-dimensional images combined with sectional screening showed that all pebbles had passed completely into the colon and no foreign bodies had remained in the ileal segments. On psychiatric assessment, he was found to have immature personality features, difficulty in overcoming stressors and adaptation disorder. He recovered by conservative management and radiographic monitoring applied during his follow-up. Thus, it can be concluded that, in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adult ages, though less frequently seen than in children, gastrointestinal system foreign bodies should always be kept in mind and it should be considered that ingestion of pebbles may be one of the factors contributing to abdominal pain particularly in young adults with psychiatric problems. In such cases suspected of having foreign bodies which cannot be detected by plain films, abdominal tomography can be an alternative for diagnostic imaging.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unicameral bone cysts.

Unicameral, or solitary, bone cysts are unusual tumors seen in the ends of long bones in skeletally immature persons. The etiology of these lesions is poorly understood. Various hypotheses have included dysplastic processes, synovial cysts, and abnormalities in the local circulation. Most patients present with a nondisplaced pathologic fracture, but occasionally cysts are found incidentally. Plain radiographs typically show a symmetric lesion with cortical thinning and expansion of the cortical boundaries. Once diagnosed, unicameral bone cysts continue to be a treatment dilemma. Traditional methods, such as prednisolone therapy, usually involve multiple anesthetics and injections and are associated with high recurrence rates. Major surgical procedures, such as wide exposure, curettage, and bone grafting, may be somewhat more effective, but still carry with them significant morbidity and recurrence rates. Newer techniques involving percutaneous grafting with allograft or bone substitutes or a combination of the two are promising in light of their low complication rate and lower reoperation rate.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic difficulties due to atypical symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus. A case report].

This paper presents a case of a female patient with unusual symptoms of diagnosed hydrocephalus. Symptoms demonstrated by the patient were initially diagnosed as immature personality, after that she was diagnosed with reactive depressive disorders. For those reasons she was treated for over 20 years in different psychiatric outpatient clinics and psychiatric hospitals. She was treated pharmacologically with different medications: antidepressants, neuroleptics etc. She also participated periodically in individual and group psychotherapy. Computed tomography performed after the loss of consciousness with significant motor deficits revealed relevant dilation of the cerebral ventricular system. The neuropsychological examination revealed disturbances in emotional-motivation area and cognitive deficits. Those disorders caused significant problems in social and professional activities. After completing the diagnosing process the patient was diagnosed with arrested hydrocephalus. Results of clinical examinations suggested that at this stage of the disease there are no indications for shunt implantation. Probably earlier diagnosis could bring a chance of successful neurosurgical intervention and definitely more efficient therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Schizophrenia and age].

The association of age with time of onset, symptomatology and early course of schizophrenia was studied on a large, representative sample of first-admitted patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (nuclear and related diagnoses) from a total population of about 1.5 million by using a semi-structured interview (IRAOS) developed specifically for this purpose. As a result an age distribution differing between men and women was obtained when the appearance of the first sign of a mental disturbance was studied. 61.6% of the men and 47.4% of the women fell ill prior to the age of 25. Negative symptoms and the early course of the disease turned out to be relatively independent of age at onset. The few age differences observed with positive and unspecific symptoms seem to be accounted for by factors not specific for schizophrenia, such as slightly increased anxiety at young age, slightly increased depressiveness in early adulthood and slightly increased paranoid delusions later in adulthood. At young age delusional symptoms, probably as an expression of immature personality, are less stable, less differentiated and less systematized, whereas fully developed delusions of persecution become more frequent at higher age. An unexpected finding was a comparatively high proportion of lengthy phases characterized by negative symptoms prior to first admission in late-onset schizophrenia in females. Hence, beginning schizophrenia seems to be a fairly uniform pattern of response at all ages, female sex appearing to be the only factor independent of the disease that influences it to any significant extent by delaying onset.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Gastric outlet obstruction masquerading as anorexia nervosa.

A 30-year-old Chinese housewife presenting with what appeared to be late-onset anorexia nervosa was subsequently found to have peptic ulcer disease complicated by gastric outlet obstruction. Surgical treatment led to rapid improvement of body weight but not immature personality. Extra caution should be exercised in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa presenting with atypical features in a community in which that condition is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Physical restraint and the nonpsychotic patient: clinical and legal perspectives.

Recent legal challenges to the use of therapeutic seclusion in the treatment of the mentally ill have forced psychiatrists to defend this practice in court. The clinical characteristics of 10 nonpsychotic inpatients who required restraint are reviewed. These patients are characterized by intense labile affect, impulsive, manipulative behavior and transient micropsychotic episodes in the context of immature personality patterns suggestive of the borderline syndrome. Restraint was precipitated by transient micropsychotic episodes or impulsive behavior during sustained regression. Physical control in these cases is required to defend the social milieu more often than to prevent injury to self or others. The legal implications of these clinical findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On the so-called "hysteroepilepsy"].

The authors examined on an outpatient basis 14 patients treated previously at the Neurological Department, Institute of Psychoneurology in Warsaw or at the Neurological Department of the Grochów Hospital in the years 1965--1972 in whom epilepsy had been diagnosed but who had also had hysterical seizures. Young women aged 20--30 years with temporal-lobe epilepsy prevailed in this group. In most of them hysterical seizures appeared within 5 years after the first epileptic seizure when the frequency of true seizures decreased. In more than half these patients it was possible to find a connection between the occurrence of hypsterical seizures and conflict situations. Psychiatric examination failed to find in most cases any symptoms of epileptic characteropathy, but mood disturbances of the type of depression with dysphoria were disclosed, other findings included immature personality, egocentrism and extraversion. Although the clinical material reviewed by the authors contained only a negligible proportion of cases, it may be possible that they are more numerous among outpatients and the correct diagnosis of these cases is particularly important for further treatment since anticonvulsants are insufficient and sociotherapy with psychotherapy are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptation problems of soldiers to the military environment].

Sixty six conscripts were examined during the first 30 days of military service, in the period of adaptation to the military environment. Out of total number of the examined soldiers, 83.33% of them enlisted with previous problems from the civilian life. Two thirds of the examined soldiers experience difficulties enduring the conditions of the soldiers' life, and 2/3 of the examined soldiers encountered problems in interpersonal relations in the unit. The most frequent diagnosis was emotionally immature personality (39.39%), then intellectual deficiency (24.14%). 43.94% of soldiers were referred to the Military Medical Board with the recommendation of 'temporary disability' and 28.79% with the recommendation of 'permanent disability' for the military service, while 21.21% of soldiers were returned to their units are 'capable' for the military service.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Personality, sexual adjustment, and brain lesions in patients with conversion symptoms.

To clarify the interrelationships of conversion symptoms, hysterical personality, sexual adjustment, and cerebral organic disorders the authors studied 89 patients with classic motor conversion symptoms (group L) and compared a subgroup of 24 of these patients (group H) with 24 matched control patients (group C). They found hysterical personality in 19% of group L, 21% of group H, and none of group C and passive-immature-dependent personality in 19% of group L, 21% of group H, and none of group C. Forty-eight percent of group L, 50% of group H, and 58% of group C had some cerebral disorder. Patients with conversion symptoms who also had hysterical and passive-immature-dependent personalities were especially likely to have sexual abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Childhood antecedents of adolescent personality disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the childhood antecedents of personality disorders that are diagnosed in adolescence. METHOD: A randomly selected community sample of 641 youths was assessed initially in childhood and followed longitudinally over 10 years. Childhood behavior ratings were based on maternal report; diagnoses of adolescent personality disorders were based on data obtained from both maternal and youth informants. Four composite measures of childhood behavior problems were used: conduct problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety/fear, and immaturity. Adolescent personality disorders were considered present only if the disorders persisted over a 2-year period. For all analyses, personality disorders were grouped into the three clusters (A, B, and C) of DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that all four of the putative childhood antecedents were associated with greater odds of an adolescent personality disorder 10 years later. Childhood conduct problems remained an independent predictor of personality disorders in all three clusters, even when other childhood problems were included in the same regression model. Additionally, depressive symptoms emerged as an independent predictor of cluster A personality disorders in boys, while immaturity was an independent predictor of cluster B personality disorders in girls. No moderating effects of age at time of childhood assessment were found. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the view that personality disorders can be traced to childhood emotional and behavioral disturbances and suggest that these problems have both general and specific relationships to adolescent personality functioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Defense styles, hostility, and psychological risk factors in male patients with personality disorders.

The purpose of this study was to compare ratings of defense styles and hostility in male patients with personality disorders, to determine whether either of these is related to a borderline diagnosis, or to specific psychological risk factors. Subjects with personality disorders were divided into borderline personality disorder (BPD) (N = 61) and non-BPD (N = 60) groups were given both the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Buss-Durkee Guilt-Hostility Inventory (BDHI). Risk factors were measured by a developmental interview and the the Parental Bonding Index. The BPD group reported more maladaptive and image distorting defenses on the DSQ, as well as higher ratings on the BDHI. Ratings on both dependent measures were strongly related to diagnosis, and more weakly to measures of psychological risk factors. Thus, in men with personality disorders, immature defense styles and high levels of hostility are strongly associated with a borderline diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The pedophilic offender with antisocial character.

The purpose of the study was to clarify how pedophilic offenders with antisocial character (psychopathy) differ from "ordinary" pedophilic offenders, among whom there are many persons with immaturity and contact difficulties. For this purpose all pedophilia cases subjected to mental examination during a period of 25 years were investigated. Of these 81 cases, 38 could be regarded as antisocial characters on the basis of the current diagnostic criteria. The others were regarded as controls. The criminals with antisocial character had also been involved in other kinds of crimes and had had hyperactivity problems more often than controls. The controls were often immature, had a low intelligence, and were less able to have relations with adult people than were antisocial characters. However, according to the present results, these features might also make criminals with antisocial character more susceptible to pedophilia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality markers, defense behavior and illness concept in patients with primary fibromyalgia].

Recent studies indicate the relevance of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of primary fibromyalgia, although the results sometimes differ. Most of the studies investigated personality features and depression. Beyond these our study investigates defense mechanisms and illness behavior in primary fibromyalgia comparing them with those of psychogenic pain patients and with controls. All patients (fibromyalgia n = 47, psychogenic pain n = 63, controls n = 84) completed German adaptations of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) and the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) and the "Questionnaire of Psychosomatic Disease-Patterns" (FAPK). The two chronic pain groups show a high conformity: Reduced relation to reality, emotional vacancy in relationships, aggression restraint are the predominant personality features. Immature defense mechanisms and abnormal illness behavior are predominant. Somatic pain and its hypochondrical pursuit substitute the tackling of seemingly unsolvable life problems. Conclusions for the management of fibromyalgia patients are outlined.

Aggression↗