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Nonspecific reactions to Mycoplasma serum plate antigens induced by inactivated poultry disease vaccines.

Nonspecific serum plate agglutination reactions to some avian mycoplasma antigens were induced by injecting chickens with several commercial poultry disease vaccines. All of the vaccines were inactivated, and most of them had oil-emulsion adjuvants. The serum plate agglutination reactions appeared within 2 to 3 weeks post-vaccination and generally persisted for several weeks. The plate test reactions were noted with both Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) antigens, although the degree and duration of the reactions varied with the vaccine involved and the source of MG and MS plate test antigens. Attempts to prevent the nonspecific reactions by heat-inactivation at 56 C for 30 minutes or by addition of equal volumes of solutions of 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, or 3 M sodium chloride were ineffective. No hemagglutination-inhibition activity against MG or MS antigens was induced by the vaccines.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Gordon memorial lecture. Poultry disease and public health.

The development of the poultry industry and the consumption of poultry meat is traced over the past quarter of a century and related to the increased incidence of food poisoning in man. Factors affecting the spread of the main poultry pathogens which are of human significance are discussed. The pathogens considered are salmonella, campylobacter, staphylococci and clostridia. Various preventative measures are considered including rearing procedures for poultry, decontamination methods and education of the public. It is concluded that one of the most effective measures is irradiation of poultry and poultry products. The difficulties of introducing this control measure are recognised. It is concluded that more effective application of existing control methods would greatly reduce the hazards to public health.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Population structure and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from diseased poultry in Jiangxi Province, China.

Salmonella poses a significant threat to human and animal health. However, the relationship among population diversity, antibiotic resistance, and infection risk remains largely unexplored. In this study, 69 Salmonella strains were isolated from diseased poultry in Jiangxi Province from 2021 to 2024. Using whole-genome sequencing, serotype prediction, MLST, virulence and resistance gene analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and mobile genetic element annotation, we characterized the diversity, resistance profiles, and transmission mechanisms of these strains. The results showed high diversity, with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (>60%) and ST19 (62.31%) as the dominant serovar and sequence type, respectively. Several avian isolates were genomically similar to human isolates, indicating potential zoonotic risk. All strains harbored conserved core virulence modules, whereas accessory modules (e.g., cdtB, astA, pefA) varied and may affect pathogenicity. The multidrug resistance rate was 97.1%, with 100% resistance to erythromycin, tilmicosin and tiamulin, and resistance rates of 91.3%, 84.1%, and 71.0% to sulfonamides, enrofloxacin, and ceftiofur, respectively. Sixty-eight resistance genes were identified. Highly conserved antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) modules (e.g., sul2-aph(3″)-Ib-aph(6')-Id-tet(A)) were shared between chromosomes and plasmids and were flanked by mobile elements such as Tn3 and IS3. Genomic islands (GIs) and plasmids in some strains carried resistance gene clusters highly homologous to those in pathogens from humans, pigs, and chickens, suggesting active horizontal transfer of resistance genes across hosts. This study revealed high diversity, prevalent multidrug resistance, and active horizontal transfer of resistance genes in avian-derived Salmonella from Jiangxi Province, emphasizing the need for cross-host resistance monitoring and antibiotic management within the 'One Health' framework.

Horizontal gene transfer↗