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PubMed1984

Circadian hormone secretory profiles in women with severe premenstrual tension syndrome.

The circadian secretory profiles of serum prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol were measured in two women suffering from severe premenstrual tension syndrome and in two asymptomatic control subjects. Subjects and controls were screened and included after a rigorous selection process. Blood samples were obtained every 30 min over a period of 24 h in each woman both on day 9 (follicular phase) and day 26 (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle. There was no relationship between the hormonal secretory profiles and the premenstrual tension syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of depressed and nondepressed women with severe premenstrual tension syndrome.

There is a need to better understand the relationship between premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual depression. This research was designed to determine if severely depressed women experience a different kind of premenstrual dysfunction than nondepressed PMS patients. The nature and severity of premenstrual symptoms in both groups were evaluated and compared. The severely depressed women were found to have higher PMS scores, but did not differ from the nondepressed group in selection or ranking of symptoms. Depression appeared to influence the patient's perception and rating of symptoms, but the underlying premenstrual dysfunction was identical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Social and psychological factors in relation to premenstrual tension and menstrual pain.

Age, country of birth, marital status, attitude to work, smoking and drinking habits, childbearing, sex life and psychological factors are all linked to the frequency of menstrual pain and premenstrual tension. The relationship between the psychosocial and menstrual characteristics may be causal or related to some other constitutional factor (or factors) which determines both. The profile of women suffering from premenstrual tension and menstrual pain is described. In management, associated psychosocial factors and the relationship betweem these and the described menstrual problems needs to be taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Premenstrual tension syndrome symptom clusters. Statistical evaluation of the subsyndromes.

Premenstrual symptoms were evaluated in a group of women with severe premenstrual tension syndrome. Factor analysis was performed in order to establish the nature of symptom clusters in this sample. Similar to clinical observations reported on before, the results revealed two distinct clusters of emotional/behavioral symptoms and two of physical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study.

Vitamin B-6 100 mg given daily throughout the menstrual cycle was compared with placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 34 women who suffered from premenstrual tension. Vitamin B-6 was no better than placebo. There was a substantial period effect, as the women evidenced a considerable preference for the second drug they received, irrespective of whether this was vitamin B-6 or placebo. Blood magnesium was measured; no significant difference was found between the 34 women with premenstrual tension and 10 healthy women without such complaints. Vitamin B-6 caused a small but statistically significant rise in blood magnesium level. In the individual patients, no correlation was found between changes in blood magnesium and premenstrual symptoms.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Premenstrual tension syndrome in rapid-cycling bipolar affective disorder.

Premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) and rapid-cycling bipolar affective disorder have similarities of symptoms, cyclical mood swings, and putative neurotransmitter dysfunction. The possible relationship between these disorders was assessed by evaluating 25 patients with rapid-cycling disorders and 25 normal controls for PMS symptoms. Patients with rapid-cycling affective disorder had an increased tendency to have more severe forms of PMS. In addition, patients with rapid-cycling disorders and more severe forms of PMS tended to cycle more frequently. The significance of this finding and its clinical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Premenstrual tension among hysterectomized women.

What is the prevalence of premenstrual tension (PMT) among women who have no uterus? Three hundred and seventeen hysterectomized women aged 28-45 years, were asked to describe their health before and after surgery. Most of the women (88%) felt that their general health improved postoperatively. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of women reporting moderate to severe PMT in all or almost all cycles: pre- versus post-hysterectomy, 56.1 versus 18.9; p < 0.001. Of the 178 women who considered PMT to have been a regular feature of their prehysterectomy menstrual cycles, 73% either lost their symptoms after surgery or felt that they were now minimal. It is concluded that the prevalence of PMT among hysterectomized women is low compared with that among women who have a uterus.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Induced anovulation as treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome. A double-blind cross-over study with GnRH-agonist versus placebo.

A treatment with the GnRH-agonist, buserelin, was given intranasally in a dosage of 400 micrograms once daily, to induce anovulation in 26 women with premenstrual tension syndrome; 23 patients completed the study course. The design was double-blind and cross-over. Daily symptom ratings were made for two pretreatment, diagnostic cycles and continued for up to six cycles or 6 months. The rating scale used was an earlier described visual analogue scale. Blood samples for estradiol and progesterone radio-immunoassay were taken once weekly throughout the study. Results show beneficial effects of both placebo and GnRH-agonist, compared with the pretreatment situation. The GnRH-agonist was, however, significantly better than placebo. At the end of the treatment periods the patients while still taking placebo, still showed cyclical symptom changes, whereas during the GnRH-agonist treatment the cyclical changes had disappeared. The results indicate that a factor from the corpus luteum must be involved in the etiology of cyclical mood changes. The results also show that inhibition of ovulation by mean of GnRH-agonists is one possible way to treat premenstrual tension syndrome.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of the significance and severity of premenstrual tension--II. Comparison of methods.

Seven methods for the detection of premenstrual tension (PMT) have been compared, using daily records of bipolar mood scores kept by 44 women with the premenstrual syndrome during 133 menstrual cycles. Four of the methods were simple procedures based on contrasting the premenstrual scores with those elsewhere in the cycle and using either a ratio or difference to detect PMT. In the other three methods, the mood scores were fitted to a model. The comparison suggest that methods which (1) use bipolar scores, (2) optimise the thresholds separating PMT+ from PMT- cycles and (3) are based on known PMT symptom patterns, are likely to be satisfactory whatever their level of sophistication. Methods based on unipolar scores on the other hand, succeed only when PMT severity is measured as the difference between two quantities, and fail when ratios are used. In this study with its bipolar mood score data base, six of the methods gave similar results. Discrepancies between methods (9-23%) were associated with double symptom peaks and with the appearance of symptoms early in the luteal phase. For such cycles only the method based on a 5-term Fourier series provided useful information.

Emotions↗
PubMed1980

Severe premenstrual tension: delineation of the syndrome.

Forty-two women with severe premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) were studied to define the clinical phenomenology and examine its resemblance to common psychiatric disorders. They were mature, adult women suffering severe emotional and physical symptoms in the premestruum but well at other times. Their mean premenstrual score on the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) was twice as high as in the study of Moos. Symptoms showed a marked On--Off phenomenon between premenstrual and follicular evaluations with all rating instruments (p less than 0.001). Existing scales for depression, anxiety, and hostility did not demonstrate that the core disturbance of PMTS is any of these dimensions alone. Item analysis of the MDQ revealed that irritability, mood lability, tension, and restlessness were the most prominent emotional descriptors of this specific syndrome. Several indicators of impaired intellectual and physical functioning were also noted. In most of these women PMTS occurred in the absence of other psychopathology. Subclinical characterological and neurotic disturbances when present were probably exacerbated in the premenstrual period. PMTS is not a clinical model for recurrent affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Premenstrual tension syndrome: diagnostic criteria and selection of research subjects.

The investigation of premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) has been hampered by several methodological problems, particularly an inadequate definition of study subjects. Diagnostic criteria for PMTS that use both interview and self-report information were tested in 24 symptomatic female volunteers. Each woman subsequently completed daily reports of emotional and somatic symptoms for 1 1/2 menstrual cycles. Symptom profiles from subjects meeting the diagnostic criteria for PMTS were compared with profiles from subjects who failed to meet the criteria. This study demonstrated that the diagnostic instruments used could identify a group of women with a severe and time-limited premenstrual psychological disturbance and distinguish them from women with milder and more temporally diffuse changes. The need for such instruments and their importance for further research into this disorder are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum and red cell magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension.

Magnesium deficiency has been implicated as a possible causative factor in premenstrual tension (PMT). We have assessed serum and red cell magnesium concentration in nine normal premenopausal women and 26 PMT patients, using atomic absorption spectrometry. The following means +/- SEM were obtained from serum and red cell magnesium, respectively, in mg/100 ml: normal subjects: 1.7 +/- 0.04 and 4.5 +/- 0.25 PMT patients: 1.8 +/- 0.05 and 3.1 +/- 0.24. Mean red cell magnesium level was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in PMT patients. Red cell magnesium determinations should be included in the evaluation of PMT.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Women's perceptions of phenomena they label premenstrual tension: normal experiences reflecting ordinary behaviour.

Remarkably little empirical knowledge exists about premenstrual tension (PMT), a construct that has been studied intensively during the last 30 years. Practically nothing is known about the perceptions women have about PMT. The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions healthy women have about PMT. Seventeen women, who had 4 years earlier participated in a concurrent diary study assessing the prevalence of PMT, were interviewed. The interviews were analysed by means of a qualitative content analysis. Four main categories describing the women's perceptions were formed: (1) individual experiences of phenomena referred to as PMT; (2) phenomena referred to as PMT reflect ordinary experiences in healthy women; (3) biopsychosocial explaining of phenomena referred to as PMT; (4) internal and external resources used to manage the variability of phenomena referred to as PMT. The content of these categories reflects the participants' perceptions of PMT as the common, normal and very variable experiences which women handle by the use of management strategies commonly used in contemporary society to deal with life in general. Experiences of women differ with respect to what they experience and the timing and persistence of those experiences. This the participants explain from a biopsychosocial perspective. It is suggested that women have adapted a medical term, PMT, to describe what they consider normal female phenomena.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Platelet serotonin uptake and effects of vitamin B6-treatment in premenstrual tension.

The platelet serotonin uptake kinetics was studied in 19 women with premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) and 19 age-matched symptom-free controls during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Both groups exhibited stable Vmax and Km values at the two phases of the menstrual cycle. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the level of Vmax and Km, respectively. The effect of season (p less than 0.001), with lowered values of Vmax during spring compared to corresponding values during the later half of the year, was identical in both groups. A tendency to lowered Vmax values in the follicular phase in women with PMS during spring may indicate that women with PMS are more vulnerable to developing depressive episodes during this period than symptom-free women. The blood platelet count in whole blood was decreased in the luteal phase in the control group but remained stable in the PMS group. The effect of vitamin B6 on clinical symptoms and the platelet serotonin uptake during the luteal phase was investigated in a double-blind crossover design. Vitamin B6 treatment did not significantly improve the PMS symptoms. There was no effect of treatment on Km. Vmax increased significantly in response to treatment (F = 9.6; p less than 0.001) in both groups, but there was no significant difference between placebo and vitamin B6.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A psychoendocrine study of premenstrual tension syndrome. A model for endogenous depression?

We studied 42 women with severe Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMTS) and compared their clinical features and adrenocortical function with those seen in major depressive disorders. Self-report scales demonstrated that PMTS was very distressing, but the disturbance did not meet the RDC for Major Depressive Disorder -- endogenous subtype. Twenty-four hour urinary free cortisol estimation did not indicate cortisol hypersecretion and abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test results occurred much less frequently than is usual in endogenous depression. Adrenocortical function did not differ significantly between follicular and premenstrual phases. PMTS does not appear to be a psychoendocrine model for endogenous depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A critical assessment of therapy for the premenstrual tension syndrome.

Various kinds of therapy have been used for the symptoms of premenstrual tension (PMT): sex steroid hormones, vitamins, prolactin inhibitors, hormones and factors associated with fluid retention and psychiatric/behavioral regimens. Clinical trials with natural progesterone, synthetic progestogens, androgens, estrogens, contraceptive pills, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), dopamine agonists, diuretics, psychoactive drugs and psychotherapy have given conflicting results. All these treatments are based on some underlying notion of etiology. Since the etiology of PMT is still obscure, it is not surprising that as yet there is no single treatment that is universally accepted as effective. It is essential that future trials be well controlled and double blind and that they include large numbers of participants keeping daily records of symptoms during the control and experimental cycles.

Androgens↗
PubMed1983

Effect of a nutritional supplement, optivite, on symptoms of premenstrual tension.

Using a menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ) to assess the presence and severity of premenstrual tension (PMT), we evaluated the effect of a nutritional supplement, Optivite, on PMT symptoms in 31 patients for the week after the period (F) and the week before it (L). The total MSQ scores decreased significantly in all patients after Optivite administration at a daily dose of 3-12 tablets for one to six menstrual cycles. The mean +/- S.E. total MSQ scores were F = 8.1 +/- 1.8 and L = 31.5 +/- 2.1 for control cycles and F = 2.3 +/- 0.72 and L = 10.3 +/- 1.4 for treated cycles. The best responses were observed in patients taking 6-12 tablets/day for three or more cycles. If these results can be confirmed by well-controlled studies, this simple and safe nutritional approach can be recommended in the initial management of PMT.

Adult↗