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Results for “Personality Disorders”

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PubMed1979

Classification of personality disorder.

An interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

The prevalence of personality disorders in 210 women with eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence, reliability, and predictive value of comorbid personality disorders in a large sample of 210 women seeking treatment for anorexia nervosa (N = 31), bulimia nervosa (N = 91), or mixed disorder (N = 88). METHOD: All subjects were interviewed using the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders as part of a longitudinal outcome study of eating disorders currently underway at Massachusetts General Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 210 subjects, 27% had at least one personality disorder; the most commonly observed was borderline personality disorder in 18 subjects (9%). The highest prevalence of personality disorders was found in the anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa group at 39%, followed by 22% in the anorexics and 21% in the bulimic sample. We found statistically significant differences regarding the distribution of personality disorders across eating disorder groups. The dramatic personality disorder cluster was differentially distributed across groups; this finding was accounted for by higher rates of borderline personality disorder in the bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa groups than in the anorexia nervosa group. The anxious personality disorder cluster was differentially distributed across groups with higher rates in the anorexia nervosa and anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa samples. Those subjects with a comorbid personality disorder had a significantly slower recovery rate than those without a comorbid personality disorder. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of personality disorders is not high in treatment-seeking women with eating disorders compared with previously studied samples. The greatest frequency of comorbid personality disorders is in the anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa group; this subset also had longer duration of eating disorder illness and much greater comorbid Axis I psychopathology compared with the rest of the sample. Future studies should address whether personality disorders have predictive value in the long-term course and outcome of eating disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Justification for separating schizotypal and borderline personality disorders.

Siever and Gunderson (1979) have questioned the decision to separate Schizotypal Personality Disorder from Borderline Personality Disorder in DSM-III. The justification for this separation rests not on genetic evidence, but rather on the relative independence of the behavioral characteristics of two dimensions that up to now have both been referred to with the appellation "borderline." We believe that this separation provides the tools with which investigators may usefully study the interaction of genetic and environmental factors as they relate to personality and the major psychiatric disorders. The benefits of this separation are already apparent in that research investigators are now using two terms to describe different phenomena, when previously they were using the single term borderline. Proposed diagnostic criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder are appended.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1992

Learning disabilities in children with borderline personality disorder.

Children with borderline personality disorder are known to have a variety of school problems, including low achievement. Clinicians working with these youngsters have estimated that one third or more may be learning disabled; however, no empirical studies have confirmed these estimates. The author reports the results of a study of 56 hospitalized borderline children in which score profiles from academic and cognitive measures were cluster analyzed. She examines the incidence of independent learning disabilities as well as subgroup membership, and discusses implications for treatment.

Achievement↗

PubMed1992

Patients with antisocial personality disorder. Are they bad or mad?

Antisocial personality disorder is the psychiatric diagnosis most closely linked to explosive and criminal behavior. This diagnosis is easily documented but challenges a clinician's diagnostic skill because of the patient's propensity for masquerade and pathologic lying. The essential feature of antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior beginning in childhood or early adolescence and continuing into adulthood. The differential diagnosis should include substance abuse, adult antisocial behavior, psychotic and organic illness, and other personality disorders. Suggested medical and psychiatric treatment includes rapidly establishing firm behavior limits and performing a mental status examination to evaluate thought processes and suicidal and homicidal intent.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Differential perception of parental bonding in schizotypal and borderline personality disorder patients.

Fifty-four patients with schizotypal and/or borderline personality disorders were compared with 165 patients with other personality disorders and 52 patients with no personality disorders as to their perception of parental behavior in childhood. Both schizotypals and borderlines reported low care; however, schizotypals remembered underprotection and borderline overprotection. The study suggests parental neglect in the childhood memory of schizotypals and negative over-involvement for borderlines.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Therapeutic community treatment for personality disordered adults: changes in neurotic symptomatology on follow-up.

Personality disordered patients are important as they place high continuing demands on services and are often refractory to traditional treatments. Often personality disorders may co-exist with neurotic symptomatology, worsening prognosis of the latter. This paper reports change in neurotic symptomatology following intensive, long term, therapeutic community treatment for such patients. Sixty two subjects with personality disorder were followed up for eight months after discharge (response rate 65%). Results showed a highly significant reduction in symptomatic distress as measured by the SCL-90R questionnaire. Investigation of the reliability and clinical importance of the change in individual subjects demonstrated that 55% of subjects had improved reliably, and in 32% this change was also clinically significant, whilst only 6.5% of subjects had deteriorated reliably.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Systematics and differentiation of personality disorders in children and adolescents with behavioral disorders].

The author discusses some problems of systematization and differential diagnoses of personality disorders which are accompanied by disturbances of behaviour in children and adolescents. An original classification of personality disorders and transient personality reactions in childhood and adolescence is proposed. Special attention is paid to the criteria of delineating pathological and nonpathological forms of personality disorders and personality reactions in this group of children as well as to the differential diagnosis of constitutional and organic psychopathy. On the other hand residual-organic psychopath-like conditions and psychogenic pathocharacterological personality development are analyzed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

DSM-III-R personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality: an empirical comparison.

The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (rev. 3rd ed.; DSM-III-R) personality disorders was examined in a sample of 54 psychiatric outpatients. Correlations between raw scores on the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and the number of DSM-III-R personality disorder symptoms rated present using a semistructured interview were computed. In addition, correlations between NEO-PI scores and scores on two self-report personality disorder inventories were also examined to determine which results replicated across instruments. Results indicated that the FFM personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness were most apparent in the DSM-III-R conceptualizations of the personality disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Psychotherapy in borderline and narcissistic personality disorder.

Psychodynamic concepts about borderline personality disorder are reviewed and the literature concerning psychotherapeutic treatment of this group is examined. The treatment contexts considered include: psychoanalysis and intensive (expressive) psychoanalytic psychotherapy, supportive psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, in-patient treatment, the therapeutic community, cognitive-behavioural approaches, and combinations of drugs and psychotherapy. The practical implications of recent follow-up studies for intervention strategies are considered.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗

PubMed1992

Comorbidity of personality disorders and depression: implications for treatment.

This article reviews naturalistic and controlled studies of the impact of comorbidity of personality disorders and depression on response to various forms of treatment. The findings support the common belief that personality disorders are associated with a poorer response to treatment for depression. In contrast, the limited data available suggest that the presence of depression may be a positive prognostic indicator for patients with borderline and antisocial personality disorder. There are insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding the influence of specific types of personality disorders on outcome with specific forms of treatment for depression. More specific assessment of personality disorders, particularly of possible underlying dimensions, is likely to be a more fruitful approach than the currently used categorical approach in identifying effective treatments for patients with personality disorders and depression.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMed1992

Borderline personality disorder: diagnosis and management in primary care.

Patients with borderline personality disorder frequently present to primary care physicians. However, the personality disorder, while complicating medical treatment, is often undetected. Symptoms and clinical presentations of this disorder are described. Common co-morbid psychiatric conditions associated with borderline personality disorder include depression and substance abuse. Physically self-damaging behaviors are also common among patients with this disorder. Guidelines for managing these patients in the hospital and ambulatory care clinic are provided.

Adult↗

PubMed1977