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PubMed1989

Years of life with good and poor mental and physical function in the elderly.

A population of Roman Catholic sisters (nuns) were divided into a high education group (i.e. at least a Bachelor's degree) and a low education group (i.e. less than a Bachelor's degree). Prevalence data on 132, 75-94 year old, sisters indicated that the high-educated had better mobility and hand coordination, stronger handgrip, better distant and near visual acuity, and fewer mental impairments than the low-educated group. Life table analyses on 154 sisters indicated that the high-educated lived an average of 3.28 years longer after age 75 than the low-educated. Years of life with relatively good and poor mental and physical function after age 75 were estimated by a mathematical model that used mortality and prevalence data. According to the model, high-educated sisters lived an average of 3.57 years longer with good function and 0.29 of a year less with poor function than low-educated sisters.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Toxicity, physical function and everyday activity reported by patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer in a randomized trial (chemotherapy versus radiotherapy).

In a randomized trial, patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer with limited disease were randomly given either radiotherapy (42 Gy) or combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, 70 mg/m2, and etoposide, 100 mg/m2, given every third week with a maximum of 4 cycles. The patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerning psychosocial well-being, medical and treatment related symptoms, physical function and everyday activity. Of the chemotherapy patients 61% reported nausea 5 weeks after their last chemotherapy session and 44% had spells of vomiting. Only 14% of the radiotherapy patients had nausea and 5% vomited 14 weeks after start of treatment. Of the radiotherapy patients 64% experienced dysphagia compared to 8% of the chemotherapy patients 6 weeks after the start of treatment.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1978

Smoking, lung function, physical performance and latent coronary heart disease in presumably healthy middle-aged men.

During a cardiovascular survey comprising 2014 presumably healthy men aged 40-59 years, latent (previously undetected) coronary heart disease (CHD), lung function and physical performance were related to differences in smoking habits. The survey examination classified 1 832 individuals as "normals" (without clinical signs/symptoms of CHD). Among the others, a strong supicion of CHD was found in 115, of whom 105 had diagnostic coronary angiography. No angiography was performed in another 35 individuals with slight, albeit typical angina pectoris. The remaining 42 men were excluded from this presentation for various reasons. The following findings were obtained: 1) in the 69 men with positive coronary angiography, the extent of coronary atheromatosis was positively related to the number of cigarettes smoked. 2) The smoking habits of the 35 individuals with slight angina pectoris but no angiography did not differ from those of the "normals". 3) Physical performance during a near maximal bicycle exercise test and lung function according to spirometry were strongly and negatively related to smoking (in "normals"). 4) Previous smokers and never-smokers among "normals" had almost identical lung function and physical performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Quantifying postoperative deficits of physical function following spinal surgery.

This study evaluates the degree of objectively quantified physical deconditioning of spinal surgery patients. The object is to evaluate the data in terms of the pain and disability claimed by 35 male and 11 female patients three months after spinal surgery. Among the males, two subgroups (i.e., disc excision or spinal fusion) were evaluated. All patients reported subjective indices of pain/disability and completed quantified tests of lumbar motion, sagittal trunk strength, lifting capacity, and bicycle ergometry. In general, true lumbar motion was markedly restricted to 50%-60% and trunk strength means were below 50% of gender-specific normative values. There were similar deficits for lifting capacity. Those who had spinal fusions tended to perform poorly, with a relatively high incidence of pain/disability. There were no differences found between the male group and subgroups who were gainfully employed or had a brief period of disability prior to surgery or had low subjective pain/disability. These results indicate that a patient's subjective pain/disability were not a reliable measure of functional capacity by three months postoperatively. Regardless of working status, pain level, or brevity of disability, there was a significant loss of performance ability and risk of persistent dysfunction after surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Isolation from human chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia cells of membrane glycoproteins associated with Fc-receptor functions. Physical parameters and production of polyclonal antibodies.

Two membrane glycoproteins that bound immune complexes and inhibited Fc-receptor- (FcR-)mediated functions in vitro were purified from human FcR+ chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia cells. A multi-step purification was developed, consisting essentially in: (i) Tween 40 extraction of crude cell membranes; (ii) solubilization of membrane fragments by Renex-30; (iii) isolation of glycoproteins by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris haemagglutinin-Sepharose; (iv) papain treatment of the eluted glycoproteins followed by gel-filtration chromatography; (v) purification by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of two molecular species from the protein-size fraction enriched for immune-complex-binding activity. The two electrophoretically isolated components displayed apparent molecular masses of 70 and 45 kDa by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and restricted charge heterogeneity by two-dimensional analysis. Two-dimensional peptide mapping revealed the presence of many peptides in common between the two proteins and the absence of a number of peptides in the 45 kDa component. These two polypeptides were used as immunogens to produce polyclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with both proteins and specifically inhibited FcR-mediated reactions in vitro. Furthermore, FcR-related components from detergent-extracted lysates of the human K562 and U937 cell lines or human placental membranes were revealed by the putative anti-FcR antibodies adsorbed on Protein A-Sepharose.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relating mental health and physical function at discharge to rehabilitation status at three months postburn.

Preinjury mental health is said to be a major predictive factor in the rehabilitation progress of burn patients. However, it is unclear which component of rehabilitation (emotional v physical) is predicted by this variable; furthermore, the predictive validity of preinjury mental health has not been compared with physical variables. The present study compared preinjury mental health, physical variables, and length of hospitalization in predicting the rehabilitation progress of 59 major burn patients at three-month follow-up. Preinjury mental health was assessed by the Rand Mental Health Form; physical status, by the Upper Extremity Index (standard measures of upper limb joint mobility); and hospital stay, by the number of days of acute hospitalization. These variables were assessed at the time of discharge. Three-month rehabilitation outcome was measured by the Sickness Impact Profile, a self-report inventory that evaluates patient outcome in 12 different areas. These areas were in turn placed in the categories of disability (ie, difficulties in functioning in activities of daily living; eating) handicap (ie, difficulties in functioning in general areas of living; employment) and mental health status. In predicting mental health status at three months, preinjury mental health was significantly correlated. In predicting physical disability, physical factors were found to be important. Conversely, physical status was not significantly related to mental health outcome, and preinjury mental health was not related to physical disability. The results indicate the importance of defining outcome when attempting to predict rehabilitation progress of burn patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Functional, physical, and ultrastructural localization of CD15 antigens to the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte secondary granule.

A murine monoclonal IgM antibody, M3, which interferes with both polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis and bactericidal activity, was used to examine the subcellular location of antigens bearing 3-fucosyllactosamine (CD15 antigens) within this cell type. Percoll gradient-separated secondary granule fractions were rich in CD15 antigens, with at least seven antigens recognizable in SDS-PAGE/electroblot studies. Sonication/sedimentation experiments using secondary granule fractions showed that both soluble and sedimentable CD15 antigens were present. Exposure of purified PMN to the secondary granule secretagogue phorbol myristate acetate caused extracellular release of two or three CD15 antigens, which could be purified by immunoprecipitation using antibody M3. Triton X-114 phase-partition experiments showed that secondary granule fraction CD15 antigens could be partitioned into hydrophilic (aqueous phase) and hydrophobic (detergent phase) antigens, suggesting that several of these antigens were integral secondary granule membrane components. Ultrastructurally, PMN intracellular granules showed two patterns of CD15 expression, localization over both granule matrix/granule membrane and localization to only granule membrane. Colocalization studies showed that lactoferrin and CD15 antigens were both present in a subset of intracellular granules, confirming a secondary granule location for these antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Effect of phenytoin on the mental and physical function of patients with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy.

Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) without Lafora bodies, or Baltic myoclonus epilepsy, is characterized by stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and an irregularly progressive course beginning between 6 and 15 years of age. The EEG displays spike-and-wave paroxysms with irregular dominant activity. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy is a single-gene disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Early cases were reported from Estonia, and many are now found in Finland, suggesting that the gene frequency is increased in those sharing the Finno-Ugric linguistic base. The use of phenytoin should be avoided in this disorder since its continued administration alone or with other antiepileptic drugs is associated with intellectual and motor deterioration, aggressive behavior, increasing ataxia, and even death. Treatment with valproate and the concomitant elimination of phenytoin have been associated with marked improvement in most cases. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy must be distinguished from Lafora body PME, which is relentlessly progressive and invariably fatal, but can usually be differentiated on clinical grounds.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1992

Thalamic hand: a late onset sequela of stroke and its influence on physical function after rehabilitation: two cases report.

Thalamic hemorrhage or infarction is one of the common causes of stroke. People who suffer from this type of cerebrovascular disease may develop thalamic syndrome which includes sensory disturbance, motor deficit and psychological problems. In this report, we introduce two cases of thalamic hemorrhage followed up for more than a half year after stroke. Delayed rigidity and choreodystonic type of involuntary movement over their paretic hand developed gradually. The metacarpophalangeal joints of the affected hand were kept flexed and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints became extended. Thalamic hand is demonstrated in the appended pictures. Once the patient develops a thalamic hand, activities of daily living will be affected due to poor hand performance despite of high motor recovery stage. Early recognition and proper rehabilitation program for the patients with thalamic hand are emphasized.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1990

[The standard hip--evaluation of physical function and health care utilization following hip fracture].

All 441 cases of hip fracture admitted to Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborg, during a one-year period were followed in accordance with a form developed by the Swedish Medical Research Council. Osteosynthesis was the method used in over 97 per cent of the cases. There were 336 women, mean age 80.0 (+/- 9.9) years, and 105 men, mean age 77.1 (+/- 11.8). A rehabilitation programme for non-institutionalised patients (68 per cent of the total of 441) reduced the length of stay at the orthopaedic department from 22 days to an average of 15 days in 1986, and the proportion of patients able to return home was increased from 81 per cent in 1982 to 90 per cent in 1987-88. Thus, the use of rehabilitation or nursing home facilities was reduced, and the length of stay there was reduced. The findings of the study also showed the rehabilitation to be time-consuming, and that few hip fracture patients ever regain complete pre-fracture function. Therefore it is suggested that the follow-up should be extended to cover a longer period than four months. Otherwise, the form is well designed, and its use improves the comparability of different studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of social health and physical function of government retirees in Delhi.

Education and income-wise retirees were better than an average Indian. However they had still to fulfil certain financial obligations involving heavy expenditures. Family setting continued to play important part in their daily lives. Their perceived level of utility towards society (95.32%) was high and drug habits were not a problem. Functionally majority had productive capacity. As a strategy to keep dependent population at low levels, it was very much possible to utilise their services as not only they were functionally capable but they were also educated and had work experience. The existing family set up should be encouraged and maintained by all possible means and trends seen in developed countries prevented so as to keep our elderly socially, psychologically and emotionally healthy. This will reduce the need for geriatric institutions.

Aged↗