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PubMed1991

Study of the opinion and level of knowledge about AIDS problem among secondary school students and teachers in Alexandria.

The level of knowledge and the opinion about HIV/AIDS problem of 571 students (179 females, 392 males) and 211 teachers (85 females, 126 males) were assessed using an interview-questionnaire. The results explored the little priority given to sex education in Egyptian schools in addition to the very minor role of schools as source of knowledge (about AIDS problem) for students and teachers who revealed much interest towards the problem and wanted to know more about it, reflecting the need for urgent organized health educational programme.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Coitally active university students: sexual behaviors, concerns, and challenges.

The past fifteen years, in particular, have seen a major increase in the extent to which both adolescents and young adults are engaging in sexual intercourse. While several studies call attention to the increasing incidence among college/university students, the concomitant shifts in the sociopsychological realms of sexuality are also important dimensions which impact upon sexual concerns of youth. Hence, the purposes of this study are to examine the behaviors, attitudes, and concerns of students who have engaged in coitus, as well as any changes they seek in their sex lives. The sample consisted of 123 never-married male and 205 never-married female undergraduate students from a state university. The data were obtained by utilizing an anonymous questionnaire administered to volunteers during regular university classes. Among the coitally active, 67.4% of males were psychologically satisfied after their first sexual experience, but only 28.3% of females. In contrast, 80.9% of males and 28.3% of females reported current psychological satisfaction with their sexual experiences. Significant differences between genders focused on male dissatisfaction with infrequent opportunities for sexual intercourse, lack of variety of sex partners, and insufficient oral-genital stimulation, whereas females expressed concerns relating to lack of stimulation to their breasts, painful sexual intercourse, lack of orgasm during sexual intercourse, and feelings of guilt and fear. An increasing awareness of current sexual behaviors, attitudes, and concerns of university students can help family life educators to meet student needs as they react to changes in interpersonal relationships, families, and society.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The risk of premarital first pregnancy among metropolitan-area teenagers: 1976 and 1979.

Among sexually active teenage women living in metropolitan areas of the United States, the risk of premarital pregnancy within two years of first sexual intercourse rose from 32 percent in 1976 to 36 percent in 1979. As of 1979, 33 percent of unmarried white teenagers, and 43 percent of unmarried black teenagers, had conceived within 24 months of becoming sexually active. The increase in pregnancy risk between 1976 and 1979 was relatively greater for whites than for blacks at three, six and 12 months after first intercourse. The reverse was true at later intervals. The risk of pregnancy is disproportionately concentrated in the early months of sexual activity. Forty-five percent of all premarital pregnancies among those interviewed in 1979 had been conceived within the first six months of sexual activity, and 36 percent had been conceived within three months. In 1976, 27 percent of teenagers who had become sexually active before the age of 15 were premaritally pregnant within two years. By 1979, this proportion had risen to 41 percent--a 52 percent increase in the risk that accounts for almost all of the total three-year increase in premarital pregnancies among sexually active teenagers. The most pronounced increase in risk of pregnancy was registered among whites who became sexually active when they were younger than 15. Their 24-month probability of conception rose from 20 percent in 1976 to 39 percent by 1979. Levels of risk for unwed teenagers who initiated intercourse at ages 15-19 increased relatively little.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sex, drugs, relationships, contraception, and fears of disease on a college campus over 17 years.

Sexual behavior was surveyed in 1991 for the fourth time in 17 years at a northeastern college with 98 male and 148 female participants. Variables included virginity, religiosity, relationship to parents, relationship to last sex partner, sex philosophy, attractiveness, drug use, contraceptives used, fear of AIDS and effect of this fear on behavior. Results indicated a 91% nonvirginity rate for men, 76% for women. Both genders initiated sex at the same age. Men exhibited a more liberal sexual philosophy. Neither gender had a sexual double standard. Women's attractiveness, but not men's, related to nonvirginity. Relationship with parents was not associated with virginity, but religiosity was. Drug use was related to nonvirginity. Frequent drug users had less commitment to last sex partner than did infrequent users. Nondisease-protective contraceptive methods decreased. Despite fear of AIDS, only one-third of the students practiced "safe sex" consistently, and men were less concerned with practicing it than women. Commitment has not increased since the 1986 survey.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women's contraceptive attitudes and use in 1992.

Women aged 15-44 rate the pill, the condom, vasectomy and female sterilization most highly, according to 1992 data from an annual survey by Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation of contraceptive attitudes and method use. The 6,955 survey respondents underrepresent women who are black or who have household annual incomes greater than $50,000, but they are similar to all American women in age, marital status and region of the country. About 74-84% of women giving an opinion view these methods favorably and 64% rate the hormonal implant favorably. The proportion of unmarried women who had had intercourse increased from 76% in 1987 to 86% in 1992. As a result, proportions of women at risk of unintended pregnancy rose from 72% to 77%. Contraceptive use also rose, from 92% to 94%. The most commonly used method is the pill (39%), followed by the condom (25%), female sterilization (19%) and vasectomy (12%). Married women exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy are more likely to use sterilization (48%), while unmarried women are more likely to use the pill (52%) and the condom (33%). Pill use has increased since 1987, especially among married women, and condom use has increased among all women. Among unmarried women at risk of unintended pregnancy, condom use rose from 18% in 1987 to 33% in 1992. Among condom users, 40% of unmarried users and 13% of married users also use another method.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding changes in sexual activity among young metropolitan men: 1979-1995.

CONTEXT: Changes in the sexual behavior of teenagers can have a significant impact on levels of adolescent pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Understanding the role played by attitudes and educational efforts will provide critical prevention information. METHODS: Data on the sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, educational experiences and demographics of 2,087 never-married metropolitan males aged 17-19 from the 1979 National Survey of Young Men and the 1988 and 1995 waves of the National Survey of Adolescent Males were analyzed through multivariate methods to examine factors that predict sexual behavior as well as those that predict sexual attitudes. RESULTS: The percentage of males aged 17-19 who had ever had sex increased from 66% in 1979 to 76% in 1988 and then decreased to 68% in 1995. The frequency of sexual intercourse in the year prior to the survey increased significantly over time, although the lifetime number of sexual partners did not. Acceptance of premarital sex increased significantly from 1979 to 1988, then decreased significantly from 1988 to 1995. Over time, young men were increasingly likely to prefer having and supporting a baby to marriage, abortion or adoption as the resolution to a nonmarital pregnancy. Trends in attitudes were strongly associated with sexual behaviors, with more conservative attitudes predicting less sexual activity. AIDS education, which was nearly universal in 1995, was associated with decreased sexual activity, although not among black youths. CONCLUSIONS: More conservative sexual attitudes and increased exposure to AIDS education are key predictors of decreased sexual activity among adolescent males. However, broader societal factors, such as fear of AIDS and increased awareness of problems associated with teenage pregnancy and STDs, may underlie both attitudinal and behavioral changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The impact of AIDS on an urban population of high-risk female minority adolescents: implications for intervention.

PURPOSE: This study's purpose was to describe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related concerns, risk behaviors, and psychosocial/situational determinants of condom use among an urban minority population of sexually active, adolescent girls. In addition we sought to define the accuracy of personal AIDS risk-assessment, the relative importance of AIDS in relation to other concerns, and the broader context of sexual experience and attitudes in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional interview study was conducted involving sexually active female adolescents attending a pediatric clinic in an inner-city university-affiliated community hospital. Sixty-nine subjects (ages 13-19 yr, 90% African-American) were enrolled. While the goals of this study were primarily descriptive, subject characteristics felt to impact on condom use were identified prior to data collection and were examined against several measures of usage including: use at the time of last sexual intercourse, overall frequency of condom use, and reported behavior change to include initiation of or increased condom usage. RESULTS: Forty-one percent of participants reported knowing someone with AIDS. Global concern regarding this disease was high, although worry about poverty-related issues was often greater. Despite concern and high measures of AIDS risk (median number of sex partners, 3; past sexually transmitted disease, 55%; past pregnancy 77%), most participants perceived themselves to be at low personal risk owing to current monogamy, lack of intravenous drug use, and implicit trust in their partner's safety. Discussion with their partner about actual risk and awareness of the importance of past behaviors was generally lacking. Although 98% were aware that condoms may prevent AIDS, 64% used condoms half of the time or less when they had sex and use appeared to be primarily for contraception. Several intrinsic cognitive/psychological and extrinsic social/situational factors were found to correlate with measures of condom use. CONCLUSIONS: Participants' sexual histories and behavior emphasize the need for concern regarding AIDS risk in this population. Patterns of sexual behavior and beliefs regarding committed relationships raise challenging questions regarding how to motivate sexually active members of this population to use condoms more frequently. Programs aimed at AIDS prevention among urban minority adolescents need to be cognizant of the larger personal and sociocultural context in which these teenagers are making health-behavior choices.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Adolescent contraceptive use and communication: changes over a decade.

Sexual experiences of 186 adolescents in 1979 were compared to those of 215 adolescents in 1989 who were recruited from the same university to determine if there was an increase over the decade in "safe sex" practices. Self-reported condom use increased between 1979 and 1989 for very first intercourse as well as first intercourse with current partner, although condom use was still far from universal. For other behaviors, there were sexual career changes (i.e., changes from first to current partner) but not decade changes. The percentage of respondents using any method of contraception and the percentage who discussed contraception with their partner increased from first to current partner, but did not increase between 1979 and 1989. The very first intercourse with first partner remained especially troubling since contraceptive use was very low and discussions about contraception prior to sex were very infrequent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Premarital sexuality: a five-year follow-up study of attitudes and behavior by dating stage.

This paper presents the results of a survey on premarital sex conducted in 1988. The study focused on what respondents considered proper sexual behavior, what they reported they did, and what they thought others were doing at five stages of dating. Respondents were asked about cohabitation, the effect of AIDS on their premarital attitudes and behavior, and their views regarding the morality of premarital sex. When compared to the results of a similar study conducted in 1983, the data provided some evidence of change in premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. Female respondents in the 1988 sample showed lower levels of sexual intercourse at all five dating stages than did their counterparts in the 1983 study. However, males in the 1988 sample reported higher levels of sexual intercourse for the first four stages of dating than did males in the 1983 survey. In general, both males and females in the 1988 sample reported changing their attitudes and behavior regarding premarital sex in the direction of greater conservatism since hearing about AIDS. Attitudinal change was more widespread than actual behavioral change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The efficacy of the health belief model for predicting condom usage and risky sexual practices in university students.

This investigation examined the ability of the health belief model (HBM) to predict condom usage and risky sexual practices in 122 white heterosexual college students (ages 17 to 33 years). The HBM did not significantly explain condom usage in the 58 men and 64 women surveyed; rather it partially explained the variance in sexual risk behaviors. Results were not consistent for men and women. The HBM components significantly explained 18% of the variance in multiple sexual partnerships in men and 22% of the variance in this behavior in women. The HBM constructs also explained 9% of the variance in the likelihood of women being intoxicated or high during sex and 18% of the variance in the number of sexual risk behaviors endorsed by women. These findings suggest that the HBM has differential and limited utility for predicting sexual practices in university students. Future research is needed to examine more comprehensive models of behavior change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗