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PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. II. Chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases in coal miners].

Miners of two coal mines were examined: mine "A"--2094 miners and mine "B"--1846 miners working underground. Both the examined population and work environment were thoroughly described in part I. Medical examinations involved disease history and occupational inquiry on a special questionnaire form, a part of this questionnaire being based on the BMRC questionnaire. In addition, spirometric examinations were conducted, VC, FEV1 was determined, and chest was X-rayed. Average PNChUO rate in both populations under examinations came to 16.5%; in the "A" mine it was significantly higher (19.1%), compared to the "B" mine--(13.5%). Obturative PNChUO constituted, on average, 1.7% of the total PNChUO rate in both mines and occurred more frequently in the "B" mine (2.1%), where work was more mechanized than in the "A" mine (1.3%). The highest PNChUO percentage was found in those working at most dusted work--stands. The PNChUO rate in its obturative form was found to be directly proportional to age and length of employment. No effect of PNChUO on the quality and rate of changes in EKG in those suffering from this disease was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Cohort study of respiratory tract diseases and lung function in school children in southwest Germany. 2. Regional influences on respiratory tract diseases in Mannheim and the Freiburg area].

A prospective cohort study on 8124 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Mannheim and two regions near Freiburg (Breisgau and the Black Forest). The objective of this part of the analysis was to investigate the regional differences in respiratory symptoms due to air pollution. Results are presented of 5726 children who had been living in those regions for at least five years at the times of interview. We have analysed 11 respiratory symptoms and two scores, measuring the tendency to infectious and asthmatic diseases, by logistic regression. Comparing the children living 1977 in Mannheim or the Breisgau to those living in the Black Forest the Relative Risks (Odds Ratios) of respiratory symptoms are in the range of 1.26-1.85 and 1.21-1.96 respectively. The results for the year 1979 are similar. In 1985 the regional effect has become smaller and no difference can be observed between Breisgau and the Black Forest. The infect score comprises bronchitis, inflamed throat with fever and sinusitis. The Relative Risk of an increased score decreases from 1.67 in 1977 to 1.65 in 1979 and 1.35 in 1985 in Mannheim and from 1.40 to 1.28 and 1.05 respectively in the Breisgau. The results of asthma and asthma symptoms are not homogeneous. In the Breisgau 1977 and 1979 the Relative Risk of an increased asthma score is slightly higher compared to the Black Forest. Allergies of the skin are reported more often in Mannheim than in the other areas. The Relative Risks of infectious respiratory symptoms and diseases agree spatially and temporarily well with the pattern of SO2 concentration. SO2 may be interpreted as an indicator for air pollution by power plants, industry and domestic heating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Upper respiratory tract disease and mycoplasmosis in desert tortoises from Nevada.

A population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at Yucca Mountain (Nevada, USA) was monitored during four sampling periods using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine the percentage of individuals that had been exposed to Mycoplasma agassizii, a causative agent of upper respiratory tract disease. Respiratory tract disease has been considered a significant factor in the decline of desert tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert (USA). Few differences between sexes in ELISA values or percentages testing positive were noted. From 15 to 23% of samples per period tested positive for exposure to the mycoplasma. However, we noted few clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease. This is in contrast to an earlier study which reported a similar proportion of seropositive tortoises as well as a high percentage of tortoises with clinical signs. However, our results are consistent with that study's conclusion that seropositivity for M. agassizii was a poor predictor of the likelihood to exhibit clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease. Earlier reported epizootics of mycoplasma-associated respiratory disease occurred mainly during times of drought. Our samples were collected during a period of average to above-average rainfall, suggesting that manifestation of clinical signs of the disease may depend upon the physiological condition of tortoises which, in turn, is related to environmental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A severe outbreak of respiratory tract disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus probably enhanced by vaccination with modified live vaccine.

A severe outbreak of respiratory tract disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on a large beef-fattening farm is described. The outbreak started two days after five- to seven-month-old calves were vaccinated with a modified live BRSV vaccine. The disease ran a very severe course among five- to seven-month-old vaccinated calves, but disease was absent in eight-month-old an older non-vaccinated calves. The presence of IgM antibodies in sera of non-vaccinated calves indicated that BRSV was spreading on the farm between two to 15 days before the day of vaccination. The data indicate that vaccination with modified live vaccine during the course of a natural infection may enhance the severity of disease. The possible pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bovine respiratory tract disease caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Although several viruses and bacteria are capable of inducing bovine respiratory tract disease, a pivotal organism in the cause of this complex disease may be bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Circumstantial evidence has long supported this hypothesis. It is frequently present in diseased respiratory tract tissues often together with other viruses or bacteria. Field observations suggest marked synergism occurs. Researchers have confirmed that, in most instances, the virus itself elicits only a mild respiratory tract disease in susceptible calves, but some strains may be much more pneumo-pathogenic than others. Experimental evidence now supports the hypothesis, that BVDV markedly enhances respiratory tract disease caused by IBRV, BRSV, or Pasteurella haemolytica; that it impairs pulmonary immunity; and that it, by itself, may produce mild respiratory tract disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Serological evidence for the association of bovine respiratory syncytial virus with respiratory tract disease in Alabama cattle.

A serological investigation for neutralizing antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was conducted using an antigenically related human strain of respiratory syncytial virus. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the procedure. Sixty-seven percent of healthy, adult cattle tested were found to have antibody to BRSV. Calves in several herds were exposed to conditions to encourage development of respiratory tract disease. In three herds in which respiratory tract disease subsequently developed, the incidence of BRSV seroconversions approached 100%. In a herd in which no respiratory tract disease was detected, BRSV seroconversions indicated a high incidence of subclinical infections. It was concluded that, in this country as has been shown in others, BRSV is probably a significant pathogen of the bovine respiratory tract.

Alabama↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Viral infections in hospitalized children affected by acute lower respiratory tract disease]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of the main respiratory viruses in hospitalized children affected by acute lower respiratory tract disease at a university hospital. METHODS: This is a prospective trial that included two cohorts of hospitalized children in the period from April to July 1996. The groups were selected according to the presence of lower respiratory tract disease on admission: Group A- with acute disease (history of less than 7 days) and B- without present or recent respiratory disease. The parameters for defining lower respiratory tract disease included physical and/or radiological pulmonary changes. Clinical and radiological criteria were established for the classification of lower respiratory tract diseases in group A. Nasopharyngeal swab was collected from all children on admission for viral detection by cellular cultures and direct immunofluorescence. RESULTS: 201 cases were selected, 126 in group A and 75 in group B. Viruses were identified in 71 children from groupA(56.4%) and only in 3 from group B (4.0%). The predominant agent in group A was respiratory syncytial virus, identified in 66 cases; adenovirus (4) and influenza (1) were detected in other patients. In group B two patients with respiratory syncytial virus and one with adenovirus were identified. The patients from group A affected by respiratory syncytial virus were younger (median age 3 months versus 13 months) and more wheezy on physical examination (78.7%) than the other patients of the group (33.3%). This virus was associated to most of the bronchiolitis cases (84%) and to half of the pneumonia cases (46.4%). CONCLUSION: The authors found a significant presence of viruses in the majority of children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract disease. The respiratory syncytial virus was the predominant agent identified. These results are similar to others previously reported both in developed and some developing countries. The authors emphasize that the present study evaluated only partially the possibility of simultaneous infection by other pathogens and that the present protocol was conducted during the season with the highest incidence of respiratory syncytial virus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

An investigation into the role of Chlamydophila spp. in bovine upper respiratory tract disease.

An outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease was investigated in a group of 17 housed home-bred calves on a mixed dairy, beef and sheep farm in Devon. Conjunctival swabs were collected and tested for Chlamydophila spp. DNA using a PCR test that detects Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila psittaci. Six of the calves tested gave a positive result. Further epidemiological observations and laboratory testing indicated that the adult dairy cows, from which the affected calves originated, were the most likely source of infection.

Animals↗