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31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Tubular system membranes of teleost chloride cells: osmotic response and transport sites.

Chloride cells represent the sites of branchial osmoregulatory activity of teleosts. The cells undergo characteristic changes with osmotic challenge and the response is mediated by hormones. Either increased salinity or cortisol treatment will elicit well-known changes in chloride cells; these changes are clearly interrelated and may be collectively referred to as the "hyperosmotic response" of chloride cells. Fundamental features of the "hyperosmotic response" include proliferation and hypertrophy of chloride cells, an amplification of the cell's extensive tubular network or tubular system (TS), an increase in the specific activity of the transport-associated enzyme, Na-K-ATPase, and a concomitant increase in electrolyte transport. The TS displays frequent examples of continuity with the basolateral plasmalemma and the Na-K-ATPase enzyme complex resides in the membranes of the TS. The enzyme complex maintains its conventional polarity with regard to internal substrate and sodium binding sites and external or TS luminal surface, potassium, and ouabain binding sites. The luminal surface of the TS is anionic at pH 1.8 and above. The TS membranes display in situ, in isolation, and by freeze fracture, a characteristic asymmetric structure consisting of repeating particles; larger particles are associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane and smaller particles with the external or luminal surface of tubules. The dimensions of the particles, and their disposition with respect to the cytoplasmic and external surfaces of the TS membrane, support the hypothesis that they are the visual manifestation of the transport-associated Na-K-ATPase complex. The TS and its associated transport activity represent essential components of a recently proposed paracellular transport model for chloride cells. The TS of the pseudobranch cell is also discussed in this review.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[[Demographic foundations of elderly living arrangements: a simulation study of intergenerational coresidence]].

"In this paper we employ family status life tables to assess the effects of demographic processes on family composition and to reveal trends in elderly living arrangements [in Taiwan]. We found that further declining fertility and changing nuptiality are responsible for the prevalence of nuclear family composition. [The] increasing proportion of nuclear families indicates a decreasing probability [of] elderly parents living with their married children. In addition, according to the current nuptiality trends, the increasing proportion of women of all ages who remain [unmarried] will strengthen its effects on family composition in the near future." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Recent change in prevalence of parent-child co-residence in Japan.

"Co-residence of parents and grown-up (especially married) children has been one of the most important factors that affect the trends in household formation in recent Japan. This article reports the proportion co-residing...using a nation-wide large-sample household survey data set containing about 300,000 persons in each year.... The proportion of parents who co-reside with children...had remarkably decreased during the period 1975 to 1985, especially for younger elders regardless of their marital status.... On the contrary, the proportion co-residing of married children aged 20-39 with their parents had been constant or slightly rising...during the same period. These two opposite trends can be interpreted as follows: though the preference for co-residence has declined both for parents and for children, the child availability for parents has barely changed and the downward trend in preference has directly appeared [in] the proportion co-residing; while the parent availability for children has increased owing to the decrease in number of siblings to be balanced with the decreasing preference." (SUMMARY IN JPN)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

[Mexican families in their homeland and in exile].

"The present study takes advantage of the Mexican and American census simultaneity in Spring 1990 to compare the Mexican populations according to their migratory status. The analysis of their composition by age and by sex is completed by an estimation of the undercount of migrants omitted by these statistics.... The fertility of the Mexican immigrants is compared to that of the country of origin and to that of Mexican Americans so as to specify changes induced by the exile. But one of the most interesting mutations deals with the recomposition of the migrant's family in the U.S.: units of residence gain in complexity by the extended integration of relatives or individuals that do not belong to the nuclear family." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1996

Demographic transition and population aging in Korea.

"This paper describes the process of population aging in conjunction with the demographic transition in [South Korea]. Korea has recently experienced rapid decreases of both mortality and fertility, which have brought about the rapid process of population aging. The speed of...population aging in Korea is projected as one of the fastest in the world. Population aging brings about changing patterns of family composition, especially new trends of living arrangements of the elderly. Since the process of population aging [began] in Korea, the proportion of [those] living alone and [of those] living with spouse only have significantly increased."

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Migration and socioeconomic changes in the community of Zoogocho, Oaxaca].

"This study of migration and the socioeconomic dynamics of the community of Zoogocho in the state of Oaxaca [Mexico] is an example of what happens in rural areas when Indian-campesinos establish contacts with foreign parts. The penetration of alien socioeconomic and cultural values alters both family and communal structures to such an extent that available resources prove insufficient in competing with the colliding external society. This leads to increasingly more complex movements of the population, the manifestations, causes and consequences of which vary through time not only in the places of origin but also in destinations." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗