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PubMed1991

Multiple role juggling and daily mood states in working mothers: an experience sampling study.

The effects of multiple role juggling (i.e., simultaneously attending to demands of different roles) on daily mood states of employed mothers were examined. Ss completed activity and mood questionnaires 8 times a day for 8 days. Multiple role juggling had immediate negative effects on task enjoyment and mood. However, contrast effects and habituation to role juggling occurred when mood and satisfaction were examined over time. Furthermore, mood states tended to spill over from one episode to the next within a day, but contrast effects were found across days. These results reflect the complex nature of psychological adjustment to multiple role occupancy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Dialysis costs: results of a diverse sample study.

A study of dialysis costs in five major dialysis centers throughout the United States was conducted in 1973. When available, home, home training, limited care, satellite and in-hospital-full-care dialysis were included. The study's objective was to determine the cost per dialysis for each separate dialysis modality. All costs associated with the dialysis procedure were included. Using a uniform methodology, costs were collected on four care levels which vary significantly from each other in the use of direct labor. They are as follows: home, home care training, limited care and full care. Costs were also segregated into five expenditure categories: personnel, supplies, travel, equipment and other. They study was designed to show the range of costs in five "representative" centers throughout the country, but not to provide statistical "average" of dialysis costs. Cost per dialysis ranged from $33 to 66 for the home patient group, $100 to 116 for limited care, $144 to 172 for in-hospital and $146 to 259 for the home training units.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1976

The epidemiology of hyperlipoproteinemia in a Rumanian general population sample. Study of 7,085 cases.

Using a two stages screening method the prevalence in the general population of hyperlipoproteinemias (HLP), separated in the five types proposed by Fredrickson, Levy and Lees, and adopted by WHO has been studied. The study included 7,085 subjects of both sexes, aged 25-65 years, representing 84,52 % of a population taken at random within a district of Bucarest. HLP was found in 1,013 cases, i.e. 14,29 % of the investigated population. 48.37 % were men and 51.63 % women. The prevalence of HLP was lowest in the first decace of age studied (25-35 years) and highest in the last two decades (45-65 years). Overweight was more frequently encountered in these patients (64.46 %) than in the total population (32.3 %). Of the 1,013 cases with HLP, 42.35 % (6.05 % of the total population) were of type IV, 27.05 % (3.86 % of the total population) of type II-b, 22.80 % (3.26 % of the total population) of type II-a, 4.74 % (0.67 % of the total population) of the type III and 3.06 % (0.43 % of the total population) of the type V. 22.70 % of the HLP patients were considered primary familial HLP, 66.54 % primary non-familial HLP and 10.76 % secondary HLP; IN 109 secondary HLP, the most frequently encountered disease was diabetes mellitus (42.20 %), followed by hypothyroidism (24.77 %), alcoholism (12.84 %), obstructive liver diseases (9.17 %), pancreatitis (5.50 %), nephrotic syndrome (2.75 %) and treatment with estrogens and steroids (2.75 %).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A random sample study of therapeutic effect of beta-receptor blocking agents in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The Study on the treatment of 50 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (by applying beta-receptor blocking drug propranolol) and the control group of 55 cases revealed that the mortalities of the therapeutic group and the control group were respectively 4% and 9.2% (P less than 0.05) the incidences of the cerebral vasospasm were 2% and 10.6% (P less than 0.01) and those of the abnormal electrocardiograms were 6% and 21.8% (P less than 0.01). The differences between the two group were significant. The function of propranolol may be associated with the sudden increase of catecholamine after subarachnoid haemorrhage and there for the drug has the function of protection of the cardiac muscle and prevention of the cerebral vasospasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sample size calculations for ophthalmologic studies.

Sample size calculations are shown for some common ophthalmologic study designs in which two treatments are to be compared. Included are the following three designs: 1, only one eye per subject; 2, both eyes, with each eye assigned to a different treatment; and 3, both eyes undergoing a common treatment. Continuous and binary outcomes are considered. The correlation between eyes is accounted for in the computations using a simple correction factor. For design 3, the formulas allow for a mixture of single-eye and double-eye eligible subjects. A computer program that performs the calculations is available.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Use of biological sample banks in epidemiological studies.

Serum and urine banks have proved to be useful in the conduct of epidemiological studies. Samples collected as part of a large prospective study can be stored and retrieved later for laboratory analyses, selecting samples from groups of special interest and also from matched controls. The applications of the method are considered under three headings: firstly as a marker of a medical disorder, secondly as a measure of the extent of exposure to a harmful agent and thirdly as a direct measure of a suspected harmful or protective agent. Examples of each are given. Banks of biological samples other than serum or urine, such as hair and nail, are now being formed. The scientific opportunities of these collections are great and it will be of interest to see how they will be used.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Assay of major and minor constituents of opium samples and studies of their origin.

Samples of opium from different countries as well as from various regions of India were studied for their morphine and codeine content by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) as their silyl ethers in a single step. Non-phenolic alkaloids (thebaine, papaverine and narcotine) were extracted with dichloromethane for GLC after conversion of the meconic acid, morphine and codeine in opium into insoluble salts with lime water. The data on alkaloidal constituents have been utilised in a determination of the origin of seized opium samples in this preliminary study.

Alkaloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Homogenization of samples for the culture of mycobacteria. A comparative study of samples with and without centrifugation].

A homogenization method for sputum samples for the culture of acid-fast bacilli that omits the use of centrifugation, passage test tubes and balances is described. 10% sodium phosphate was used as decontaminating substance. This method facilitates the laboratory work since the samples so treated are incubated at 37 degrees C up to the next day when they are then cultured. 676 samples prepared according to this method were compared with samples prepared according to the standard method; a 6,21% positivity in the former compared to a 5,47% in the latter as well as a lower percentage of contamination were obtained. Contamination occurred in 9,91% of samples without centrifugation and in 14,35% of centrifuged samples.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2025

Identification of Sample Processing Errors in Microbiome Studies Using Host Genetic Profiles.

In microbiome studies, sample processing errors are frequent and difficult to detect, especially in large studies involving multiple sites, personnel, and sample types. We present two complementary approaches to identify such errors using host DNA profiled via metagenomic sequencing of microbiome samples. The first approach compares host SNPs inferred from metagenomics to independently obtained genotypes (e.g., microarray genotypes) to match samples to their donors, while the second method compares metagenomics-inferred SNPs between samples to identify samples supplied by the same donor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combining these methods with experimental metadata provides greater confidence in the identification of errors. Analyzing a longitudinal vaginal microbiome dataset, we demonstrate the ability of our approach to identify mislabeled samples. Using subsampling, we further show that our methods are robust to low sequencing coverage. Overall, our analysis highlights the frequency of processing errors in microbiome studies. We therefore recommend applying error-detection methods in all studies with suitable data.

Journal Article↗