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PubMed2005

Isolation and structure elucidation of three neo-clerodane diterpenes from Teucrium fruticans L. (LABIATAE).

Recently, the isolation from Teucrium fruticans of neo-clerodanes, namely 7beta-hydroxyfruticolone, 11-hydroxyfruticolone, deacetylfruticolone and 6-acetyl-10-hydroxyteucjaponin B, in addition to fruticolone, isofruticolone and 8beta-hydroxyfruticolone (three out of the four previously reported ones), and 6-acetylteucjaponin B (isolated from T. scordium and T. grisebachii) was reported. Minor compounds presumably of neo-clerodane nature were shown by HPLC analysis on a new extract. Three new compounds, difuranofruticol, deoxyfruticolone and 10-hydroxyteucjaponin B, and the known 7,8-didehydrofruticolone were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive NMR spectral studies (one- and two-dimensional experiments). The compounds were assayed for their antifeedant activity against Spodoptera littoralis and for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Compounds 9-11 showed low antifeedant activity and the feeding ratio of 12 was moderate-low. None of the tested compounds displayed significant activity against R. solani.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antipyretic and antibacterial actions of Teucrium polium (L.).

The antipyretic and antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of the flowering tops of Teucrium polium (L.) were been studied. The extract was effective against both yeast and carrageenin pyrexia in rats. It also exhibited a marked antibacterial action against both gram positive and gram negative organisms and was found to be non toxic in acute studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Neo-clerodane diterpenoids and phenylethanoid glycosides from Teucrium chamaedrys L.

A neo-clerodane type diterpenoid, 12(S)-15,16-epoxy-19-hydroxy-neo-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-18,6alpha:20,12-diolide, and two phenylethanoid glycosides, teucrioside-3(IIII)-O-methylether and teucrioside-3(IIII),4(IIII)-O-dimethylether were isolated from the aerial parts of Teucrium chamaedrys. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive NMR spectra, LC-ESIMS analysis, and molecular modeling studies.

Diterpenes↗
PubMed2003

Antifeedant neo-clerodanes from Teucrium tomentosum Heyne. (Labiatae).

From the acetone extract of Teucrium tomentosum, a new antifeedant neo-clerodane diterpenoid teuctosin (1) was isolated along with teuflin (2), teucrin-H(2) (3), 6beta-hydroxyteuscordin (4), 6beta-acetylteuscordin (5) and montanin-D (6). The structure of the new compound was elucidated comprehensively using 1D and 2D NMR methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All the compounds showed effective antifeedancy against Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura at 10 mug/cm(2) of leaf area.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of a Teucrium polium L. extract on the growth and fatty acid composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica.

Aqueous Teucrium polium extract slightly inhibits the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ki = 0.029 [g/l]-1) and Yarrovia lipolytica (Ki = 0.06l [g/l]-1). However, this extract causes important changes in the unsaturation degree (delta/mol) of the cellular lipids. It moreover favours the increase of the linolenic acid concentration and the decrease of the oleic one in both species.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of teucrin A in beverages flavoured with an extract of Teucrium chamaedrys L.

Due to its liver toxicity, the medicinal use of germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) was banned in some countries. Nevertheless, alcoholic extracts are still permitted as flavour ingredients since they are fundamental in providing a bitter aromatic taste. Teucrin A represents the substance of major concern regarding the potential toxicity of germander. Hence, teucrin A represents the best analytical and toxicological marker of alcoholic extracts of T. chamaedrys. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method to detect teucrin A in beverages is reported. Teucrin A was prepared by isolation from the plant extract using column chromatography and crystallization. The identity and purity (99%) were established by melting point, nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was validated and its intra- and interday performance was established (relative standard deviation < or = 13% and error < or = 10%). In-house validation was carried out by analysing samples of beverages not containing T. chamaedrys spiked with a range of concentrations of teucrin A. The limit of detection was 0.1 ppm and the limit of quantification was 0.3 ppm. Teucrin A accounted for about 70% of the neo-clerodane diterpenoids found in the total extract of a specimen of T. chamaedrys. The content (+/- standard deviation) in 18 batches of different geographical origin was 2338 +/- 740 ppm, per cent coefficient of variation = 32, minimum-maximum = 999 - 3445 ppm. The mean level of teucrin A in 10 bottles of the same brand was 6.1 +/- 0.8 ppm, per cent coefficient of variation = 12. In 10 different brands found on the Italian market, the content of teucrin A ranged from not detectable to 10 ppm.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed2006

Chemical composition and in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Teucrium sauvagei Le Houerou.

The chemical composition and the in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and the methanolic leaf extracts of Teucrium sauvagei Le Houerou, an endemic medicinal plant growing in Tunisia, have been studied. More than 35 constituents having an abundance >or=0.2% were identified in the oil. beta-Eudesmol, T-cadinol, alpha-thujene, gamma-cadinene, and sabinene were the prevalent constituents. Results of the antifungal activity tests indicated that the methanolic extract inhibited the in vitro growth of seven dermatophytes, whereas the essential oil showed average inhibition against only three dermatophytes. In vitro antioxidant properties of the essential oil and the methanolic extract were determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assays and compared to those of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox. Due to their antifungal and antioxidant properties, the essential oil and the methanolic extract of T. sauvagei may be of use as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2002

Acute hepatitis associated with herb (Teucrium capitatum L.) administration.

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity due to medicinal plant administration has been infrequently reported. This case describes a 62-year-old Caucasian man with hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglycaemia, who started daily consumption of a tea containing the medicinal plant Teucrium capitatum L. Four months after initiation of this therapy he developed an acute icteric hepatitis-like illness. Other causes of acute hepatocellular necrosis were excluded. Liver histology demonstrated changes consistent with acute hepatitis with bridging necrosis. The medicinal plant was withdrawn. The patient recovered clinically and serum bilirubin and aminotransferases returned to normal levels within a 9-week time period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of acute hepatitis associated with T. capitatum administration. This case suggests that T. capitatum can induce acute icteric hepatocellular necrosis, which could be clinically confused with acute viral hepatitis, and that some medicinal plants are not as safe as they are widely considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Hepatitis caused by the herbal remedy Teucrium polium L.

Herbal remedies have become increasingly popular throughout the globe as a result of disappointment with conventional medicines and also of the alleged belief that herbal preparations are basically harmless. On the other hand, their effects can be exceedingly potent or even lethal if used improperly. Drugs and other chemicals account for less than 5% of cases of jaundice or acute hepatitis and smaller number of cases of chronic liver disease. Drug reactions can mimic any hepatobiliary disease, posing a diagnostic challenge for physicians and pathologists. Hepatotoxicity generally occurs after approximately 2 months of ingestion and consists of a non-specific hepatitis, which usually runs a benign course. Typical features include anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice associated with a marked elevation in serum aminotransferases. We present a case of acute hepatitis in a 70-year-old farmer, using Teucrium polium (golden germander) as hypoglycaemic aid. The patient presented only with jaundice, after 1 month's consumption of large quantities of this herb in a tea form.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

A new clerodane diterpene with antifeedant activity from Teucrium tomentosum.

A new diterpene, viz. 3beta-acetoxy-4alpha,18:15,16-diepoxy-6beta,12-dihydroxyneocleroda-13(16),14-dien-19,20-olide, C(22)H(28)O(8), exhibiting antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura was isolated from the aerial parts of Teucrium tomentosum and its structure is reported. One of the two fused rings has a distorted-chair conformation and the other has a chair conformation. The molecules in the crystal are stabilized via O--H...O and C--H...O hydrogen bonds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of selenium in Teucrium species by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was applied for determination of selenium content in dried aerial parts of wild and cultivated Teucrium species (Lamiaceae) growing in Croatia: T. arduini L., T. chamaedrys L., T. flavum L., T. montanum L., T. polium L., and T. scordium L. subsp. scordioides Schreb. Special attention was paid to the wet oxidation procedure for the sample dissolution. The proposed procedure involved microwave-assisted sample digestion using a mixture of HNO3/H2O2. Wild specimens generally had a higher content of selenium, with concentrations of 0.030-0.095 mg/kg of the dry drug. Cultivated plants contained 0.020-0.055 mg Se/kg.

Croatia↗
PubMed2004

Would Sacaca, Croton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae) be an hepatotoxic plant like Germander, Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Labiatae)?

Clinical and experimental studies have consistently incriminated the medicinal plant germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) in epidemic and sporadic cases of liver diseases. The sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth), a common plant in Brazilian Amazon region also comes being incriminated in similar clinical cases. Of both plants were isolated diterpenoid compounds with similar chemical structures.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed2003

Antinociceptive effects of Teucrium polium L total extract and essential oil in mouse writhing test.

In this study, the effect of Teucrium polium L, a wild-growing flowering plant belonging to the family Labiatae and found abundantly in Iran was studied on writhing test, a visceral pain model in mice. The total extract and essential oil were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before acetic acid 0.6% injection. Total extract in doses (mg x kg(-1)) of 150 (39.13%, P<0.001), 225 (65.44%, P<0.001), 300 (21.41%, P<0.01) induced reduction in writhing response as compared to control with the ED(50) 67.92 mg x kg(-1). The essential oil in doses (mg x kg(-1)) of 9.37 (35.22%, P<0.001), 18.75 (59.63%, P<0.001), 37.5 (86.60%, P<0.001), 75 (90.22%, P<0.001) and 150 (78.58%, P<0.001) induced significant reduction in writhing response when compared to control with the ED(50) of 29.41 mg x kg(-1). In order to ensure the importance of essence in production of visceral antinociception, the extract free from essential oil was prepared and injected into mice at a dose of 225 mg x kg(-1) (the most effective dose of the extract) which in comparison to total extract, the antinociception, reduced from 65.44 to 49.85% (P<0.001). It is concluded that essential oil is responsible for analgesic properties of T. polium. This study confirms the antivisceral pain properties of T. polium comparable to those of hyoscine and indomethacin and suggests a good place for it in antispasmodic therapies in human. The presence of flavonoids and sterols might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

GLC-mass spectrometry of Teucrium polium oil.

The essential oil of Teucrium polium, growing in Saudi Arabia, was thoroughly investigated for its constituents by GLC-mass spectrometry, TLC, and spectrophotometric methods. This investigation revealed the presence of 10 terpenoidal compounds including the hydrocarbons beta-pinene, limonene, alpha-phellandrene, and gamma- and delta-cadinenes and the alcohols linalool, terpine-4-ol, cedrol, cedrenol, and guaiol. The oil was rich in alcohols and devoid of esters. Preliminary pharmacological screening showed that the oil possesses powerful antispasmodic activity.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1998

Iridoids from Teucrium yemense.

The aerial parts of Teucrium yemense yielded two iridoid glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by spectral means as teucardosid and 8-O-acetylharpagid.

Glycosides↗
PubMed1995

Effect of Teucrium stocksianum on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

1. Hepatoprotective activity of an ethanolic extract of Teucrium stocksianum was investigated against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in mice. 2. Paracetamol at an oral dose of 0.6 g/kg produced about 94% mortality in mice while pretreatment with the plant extract (0.5 and 1 g/kg for 5 days) reduced the death rate to 0%. 3. Paracetamol (0.6 g/kg, orally) produced liver damage as manifested by significant rises in liver weight, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and bilirubin concentration, pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, and by the significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver. 4. Pretreatment of mice with T. stocksianum at the above doses significantly ameliorated all the paracetamol-induced signs of liver damage described above. 5. T. stocksianum did not produce any lethality or adverse effects in the livers of treated mice. 6. These results indicate that T. stocksianum ethanolic extract contains hepatoprotective constituents, and suggest further work on the isolation and characterization of these constituents which may potentially be used as hepatoprotective agents.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Hypoglycemic effects of Teucrium polium.

Teucrium polium has a folk reputation as a hypoglycemic agent. The hypoglycemic activity of an aqueous decoction of plant aerial parts was tested in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-hyperglycemic rats. Results indicate that this extract caused significant reductions in blood glucose concentration 4 h after intravenous administration and 24 h after intraperitoneal administration. This effect could be due to enhancement of peripheral metabolism of glucose rather than an increase in insulin release.

Animals↗