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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Measurement of patient dose in ultraviolet therapy using a phantom.

A phantom was developed as a reproducible means of measuring the irradiance in an occupied ultraviolet cabin, by placing the phantom, or replica person, in the cabin, obviating the need for human exposure. The contributions to the patient irradiance measured in the cabin were investigated, looking in particular at the effect of the reflectors. Radiation undergoing single reflection was seen to contribute to a greater extent than multiple reflections. Placing an object in the cabin reduces the measured irradiance due to the blocking of multiple reflections, but variation in the exact shape and size of the object has less effect, which is useful as patients are of all shapes and sizes and a representative phantom was to be developed. The phantom was made of expanded polystyrene blocks with an embedded probe. Measurements were made to verify the equivalence of human and phantom cabin occupancy. It was found that the irradiance measured with the phantom in the cabin lies within the values measured with human occupancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Psoralen--long-wave ultraviolet therapy and human cataractogenesis.

Cataract formation associated with psoralen--long-wave ultraviolet (P-UVA) therapy has been documented in experimental animals. Presumptive P-UVA cataracts in humans have also been reported recently. Cataracts from two patients on P-UVA therapy were subjected to high-resolution phosphorescence spectroscopy. The lens homogenates from these two patients showed phosphorescence peaks identical (in shape and lifetime) with the previously reported 8-methoxypsoralen lens protein photoproduct seen in P-UVA-treated cataractous rat lenses. The data provide objective proof that these phototherapeutic drugs can generate specific P-UVA photoproducts in human lenses. Similar photoproducts have previously been demonstrated in experimental (rat) P-UVA cataracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Photoprotective action of emollients in ultraviolet therapy of psoriasis.

An in vitro technique was used to measure the monochromatic protection factors of all emollients available on prescription. The action spectra for ultraviolet erythema and erythema in psoralen-sensitized skin were used to calculate, for each emollient, erythema protection factors relevant to UVB phototherapy and psoralen photochemotherapy, respectively. Of the 40 products tested, 22 (55%) had a UVB erythema protection factor > 1.2 at an application density of 2 microliters/cm2, and 31 (78%) at an application density of 4 microliters/cm2. Fewer products, 25% at 2 microliters/cm2 and 50% at 4 microliters/cm2, had a psoralen erythema protection factor > 1.2. A protection factor of 1.2 is equivalent to a reduction in ultraviolet dose of 17%, and is thus likely to be of clinical importance. These results allow a choice of emollient products which may improve response by increasing transmission of radiation through psoriasis scale without a concomitant decrease in transmission due to a sunscreening action.

Emollients↗
PubMed1984

Conversion factors for ultraviolet radiation dosage with different types of ultraviolet therapy.

Erythema thresholds were determined using 4 different UV units before and after photosensitization with psoralens or coal tar in healthy volunteers. Conversion factors for equivalent erythema-producing UV doses with the different types of treatment were calculated on the basis of the erythema thresholds. A simple mode of transfer of patients between the different treatments with good precision of UV dosage is thus offered.

Coal Tar↗
PubMed1994

[Behavior of lipids, other serum parameters and cardiovascular functions in ultraviolet therapy].

During a period of 3 years, four controlled clinical studies in 34 patients with hypercholesterolaemia and 40 healthy persons--in some cases with stratification of the basic cholesterol levels and matched pair formation--were performed to find out the effects of serial sun-like UV irradiation on various serum parameters and blood circulation functions. The following significant effects were observed. Patients with hypercholesterolaemia: increase of HDL cholesterol after termination of the serial UV irradiation, increase of serum 25(OH)D3 levels, decrease of serum triiodothyronine, decrease of serum lactate; healthy persons: decrease of resting pulse rate, decrease of recovery pulse rate, decrease of systolic blood pressure. All effects were induced by application of suberythematous UV doses, i.e. amounts of UV with a relatively low risk of side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Psoralen-ultraviolet A therapy vs. psoralen-ultraviolet B therapy in the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis: our experience with fitzpatrick skin type IV.

BACKGROUND: Oral psoralen, when combined with UVB, shows an increased response in psoriasis. In this study, conventional psoralen-UVA (PUVA) therapy was compared with psoralen-UVB (PUVB) therapy in plaque-type psoriasis in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Equal numbers of patients with stable, plaque-type psoriasis were treated with either PUVA (n = 22) or PUVB (n = 22), three times weekly until 90% clearance was achieved. A final evaluation was made 3 months later. RESULTS: The two groups showed no significant differences in terms of clearance of disease, mean number of exposures, or the average duration of therapy; however, the cumulative dose of UVB required for clearance was significantly lower than that of UVA. Both groups had a similar acute side-effects' profile. CONCLUSIONS: PUVB therapy is as effective as conventional PUVA in the treatment of stable, plaque-type psoriasis in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV. A significantly lower dose of UVB is required for clearance as compared with UVA.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Differential effects of 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and psoralen + ultraviolet A therapy on p53 phosphorylation in normal human skin in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Phosphorylation of the tumour suppressor p53 by the CK2/FACT pathway plays a central role in suppressing ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer in animal models. Although p53 protein stabilization is induced after solar-simulated irradiation of human skin in vivo, p53 phosphorylation has not been defined. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of clinically effective treatments for skin diseases including psoralen + UVA (PUVA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on p53 phosphorylation to determine whether the tumour-suppressing p53 kinase pathways are activated upon use of these therapies. METHODS: We used antibodies to the ATM/ATR and CK2/FACT phosphorylation sites on p53. RESULTS: We found that p53 activation was induced selectively by PUVA treatment, while 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA damage was induced selectively by 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT treatment. Importantly, PUVA treatment resulted in p53 kinase activation, as defined by p53 modification at AT (serine-15) and CK2/FACT (serine-392) sites within the proliferative compartment. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that PUVA provokes accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 by AT and CK2/FACT within critical proliferative focal points (as determined by p63 colocalization studies) where DNA damage may lead to tumorigenesis. PDT is mechanistically distinct in that there is a lower level of induction of p53 expression with no evidence of AT- or CK2/FACT-mediated phosphorylation. This suggests that the type of DNA damage created by the reactive oxygen species generated by ALA-PDT does not induce the p53 pathway classically required for the repair of DNA photoadducts induced by UV.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Effect of short-contact anthralin therapy on ultraviolet B irradiation of psoriasis.

The influence of short-contact anthralin on the therapeutic effect of ultraviolet B irradiation (Sylvania UV-21 tubes) was investigated with the half-body comparison method in fifteen outpatients with plaque-type psoriasis. The lesions on the right or left half of the body were exposed to one of the topically applied compounds (either anthralin and 2% salicylic acid in petrolatum or 2% salicylic acid in petrolatum alone) for 10 to 30 minutes daily. Of the fifteen patients, five (Group I) were given 0.3% anthralin and five (Group II) received increasing concentrations of anthralin (0.3, 1, 3%); the other five (Group III) were patients who had failed to respond to ultraviolet B therapy alone, and for them a new clearing treatment was started with the addition of anthralin in increasing concentrations (0.3%, 1%, 3%). Only two patients in Group I, one patient in Group II, and one in Group III showed a moderately better clearance of psoriasis on the short-contact anthralin side. Irritation of nonaffected skin by anthralin was common only during the first week of the treatment. Staining of clothes and bedding occurred.

Adolescent↗