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Results for “atopy”

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PubMed1977

The role of IgE in the immune response to neoplasia: a review.

The role of IgE in the immune response to neoplasia has received little attention despite suggestive evidence for an IgE response to tumor specific antigens. A complex interrelationship is known to exist between basophils, eosinophils, histamine, complement, and T cells. The latter cells are known to play a central role in the immune response to neoplasia and, in addition, are now considered important in the production and regulation of IgE, the molecule that may supply an important link between pharmacological and cellular dynamics of a successful anti-tumor response. The evidence for an IgE role in the immune response to tumors, the relationship between atopy and cancer, and the possible mechanisms whereby IgE could enhance tumor rejection are discussed in this review.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Pancuronium and histamine release.

Both d-tubocurarine and pancuronium release histamine in the skin: both have been shown to cause bronchospasm after intravenous injection. It is unlikely that skin testing with either drug will detect an individual susceptibility to bronchospasm, except as a non-specific test for atopy.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Tonsillar expression quantitative trait loci verify and expand genetic contributors to childhood atopic diseases.

BACKGROUND: The spectrum of causal variants, mechanisms, and immunologic gene networks that influence pediatric atopic traits is not completely understood. Human genetic variation associated with transcript abundance (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) can help to advance our understanding, yet prior work has focused on profiling immune cell populations collected from peripheral blood primarily in adult populations, leaving tissue-resident lymphocytes collected from children uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize gene expression of 4 populations of tonsil-derived immune cell types collected from pediatric patients. METHODS: We collected naive B, germinal center B, naive T, and T follicular helper cells from the discarded tonsils of 103 children across development (age range 1-19). Following genotyping and RNA sequencing of samples, we performed differential expression and eQTL analysis, then statistically linked eQTL signals to relevant atopic traits via colocalization. RESULTS: We found differentially expressed genes across cell types and identified 13,393 expression genes (eGenes) (1,793 eGenes not previously reported in similar datasets) influenced by 27,603 eQTLs (5,199 eQTLs not previously reported). We linked eQTLs to associations identified in pediatric and adult asthma and atopy traits, nominating 78 eGenes including TRAF3, ZBTB10, and JAZF1 in disease-relevant cell types. CONCLUSIONS: Our freely available resource exemplifies the importance of discovery in native tissues and across human development.

Expression quantitative trait locus↗

PubMed1976

Atopic disorders and adult coeliac disease.

A history of asthma, hay fever, and flexural eczema was significantly more common in patients with adult coeliac disease (A.C.D.) than in normal controls. Autoantibodies were also more common in A.C.D. First-degree relatives of A.C.D. patients were more likely than controls to have atopic disorders. A deficiency of local mucosal immunity due to abnormal IgA responses may underly this association between A.C.D. and atopy.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Prolonged breast-feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease.

54 babies who had been solely breast-fed for more than 6 months, 77 babies who had been breast-fed for 2--6 months, and 105 babies who had been weaned to cow's-milk-based formulas at less than 2 months were followed for the first 3 years of life. All the babies had the same pattern of solid food intake until 1 year of age. Compared with formula feeding, prolonged breast-feeding resulted in a lower incidence of severe or obvious atopic disease particularly in babies with family history of atopy.

Asthma↗

PubMed1975

Psoriasiform napkin dermatitis-a follow-up study.

One hundred and twenty-three children who had napkin dermatitis, with or without a secondary sensitization eruption, in infancy were reviewed 5-13 years later. Of the seventy-one who had a predominantly psoriasiform secondary eruption, twelve (17%) had psoriasis at review-three (4%) had atopic eczema. None of the forty treated for a predominantly seborrhoeic secondary eruption had psoriasis at review-15 (37%) had atopic eczema. The psoriasiform group had the highest incidence of psoriasis and the lowest incidence of atopy among first degree relatives. The converse incidence was found in the seborrhoeic group. It is suggested that infants who develop psoriasiform napkin dermatitis have a psoriatic diathesis.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

Influence of serum from atopic children on T lymphocytes.

The relative and absolute number of peripheral T cells was found to be depressed in atopic children. Sera from atopic children had slightly less stimulatory effects on lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by PHA, Con A and PPD, than sera from nonatopic children. This finding indicates an occurrence of inhibitory factor(s) in atopic serum. Sera from some severely ill atopic patients almost completely abolished mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Inhibition by atopic serum appeared to be an early event in lymphocyte mitogenesis and not due to CRP, IgE or factors binding to mitogens. Lymphocytes from atopic children were no more sensitive to suppressive influences of atopic serum factors than were lymphocytes from adult blood donors. Normal serum enhanced mitogen-induced DNA synthesis more in lymphocytes from adult blood donors than in those from atopic children. The results indicate that, although the T cell defect in atopy may be partly caused by serum factors, occurring during clinical allergic disease, the main reason for the defect is probably an altered reactivity of the T lymphocytes in atopic individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

The Potential Link Between Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Food Allergy: Inflammatory Pathogenesis and Management.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has transitioned from an isolated gastrointestinal disorder to a recognized type 2 immune-mediated allergic disease, most likely representing a late manifestation of the atopic march. This comprehensive review examines the complex inflammatory pathogenesis linking EoE and food allergy, and critically discusses the mechanisms of disease induction, dietary treatments, and emerging clinical challenges. While genome-wide association studies identify shared susceptibility loci with classic atopy, EoE exhibits distinct tissue-specific pathways, particularly dominated by the local interleukin (IL)-13 axis and highly esophagus-selective proteases like Calpain-14. This unique immunological interplay is clinically epitomized by food oral immunotherapy (OIT)-induced EoE. During OIT, systemic immune reprogramming successfully drives immune tolerance-marked by a robust increase in plasma food-specific IgG4-but fails at the local level, due to the persistence of pathogenic Th2 cells and aberrant mucosal IgG4 immune complex deposition within the esophageal lamina propria. Regarding therapeutic management, conventional skin and serum allergy testing remain highly inaccurate in identifying dietary triggers, rendering test-guided diets ineffective. Conversely, empiric elimination diets achieve robust histological remission, ranging from standardized six-food restrictions to pragmatic single-food approaches targeting cow's milk. Furthermore, novel insights into industrial milk processing (such as UHT sterilization and homogenization) and specific beta-casein genetic variants (A1 vs A2) highlight how altered protein structures generate neoantigens that accelerate esophageal immunogenicity. In conclusion, decoding the divergent immunological mechanisms operating in the refractory esophagus is essential to move beyond trial-and-error dietary interventions towards non-invasive monitoring tools, precision medicine, and optimized biological therapies in EoE management.

Calpain14↗

PubMed2026

Polygenic risk scores associate with asthma phenotypes and proteomic analyses implicate IL1R1 in two family-based studies.

Despite its high prevalence and the discovery of hundreds of genetic associations, the genetic determinants and heterogeneous manifestations of asthma remain incompletely understood. Incorporating polygenic risk scores (PRS) into asthma research offers a powerful approach to quantify inherited susceptibility, refine risk profiles, and advance mechanistic understanding of disease development. For this study, we leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from two family-based cohorts of childhood asthma - the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) and the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) - to examine the transmission profiles of externally derived asthma PRS and their associations with clinical phenotypes in children with asthma. To further elucidate molecular mechanisms, we integrated large-scale external genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics and genetic prediction models of protein abundance in a two-step proteome-wide association study (PWAS) of asthma. Our findings provide robust evidence supporting the validity of externally derived asthma PRS (asthma PRS association p-value p = 10-24 [GACRS and CAMP trios combined] for the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative [GBMI]) and reveal consistent associations with spirometry measures and atopy markers across both studies, as 13 of 21 traits (62%) were significantly associated with the GBMI-PRS in the meta-analysis after multiple-testing correction. Moreover, the results of the integrative proteomic analysis implicate IL-1 signaling in the etiology of asthma, reinforcing the candidacy of IL1R1 antagonists for drug repurposing.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1976

[Die therapeutischen Grundlagen des exogen-allergisch ausgelösten Bronchospasmus].

A brief survey is given on the current theories and knowledge of therapy of bronchospasm. The results, obtained in 11 patients with proven atopy, regarding their response to the anticholinergic inhalant ipratropium-bromide (Atrovent) after artificial bronchospasm induced by specific allergen and acetylcholin, respectively, are being discussed. The therapeutic response was largely dependent on the level of preceding bronchospasm, quantitated by airway resistance. This phenomenon was more pronounced in allergen than in acetylcholin-induced asthma. The differences were of statistical significance by means of covariant analysis. The clinically relevant aspects of this finding are being discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

A review of allergic respiratory disease in laboratory animal workers.

There is increased recognition of hypersensitivity lung disease among workers with laboratory animals as an occupational disease. Symptoms of asthma in 44 of 78 workers with laboratory animal dander allergy reflected the serious consequences of this occupational ailment. Affected employee profiles induced family history of atopy; immediate (Type I) allergic reaction; symptoms of rhinitis, asthma, and cough; hypersensitivity to one or more species, most often rats, mice, and rabbits. Diagnosis depends on history and physical, radiologic, and laboratory examinations, including skin tests with relevant antigens. Control and treatment depend on environmental change (reemployment or reduction of antigen contact); mechanical devices (masks and filters); chemotherapy (bronchodilators, steroids), prophylaxis and immunotherapy (hyposensitization). Standardization of medico-legal criteria covering occupational asthma is needed.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Effects of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on the (para-)sympathic-cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis in rats.

To determine whether Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy its effects were studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis in rats. Haemophilus influenzae vaccination induced changes in the cholinergic system compatible with higher cyclic GMP levels and enhanced histamine release. The authors suggest an involvement of the cholinergic system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

In vitro differences between the lymphocytes of normal subjects and atopics.

Recently evidence has accumulated that atopic disease is associated with a deficiency of thymus-derived (T) cells. This deficiency appears to be primary, rather than secondary to treatment or manifestations of the disease. Results of in vitro studies indicate that the deficiency is most pronounced in certain subpopulations of T cells, and therefore a disturbance of the balance between subsets of T cells, notably suppressor and helper T cells, may develop in vivo in atopics. Some results suggest that there is indeed a relative deficiency of suppressor T cells in atopic diseases, and thus the hyperproduction of IgE which is associated with these diseases may be explained. The cause of the T cell deficiency in atopy may be a basal cellular abnormality, manifested e.g. as increased sensitivity to inactivation by physiological substances, notably to agents which increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. It is equally possible that the T cell deficiency is a direct consequence of subnormal production of certain thymic hormones.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

A study of asthma in a Dunedin suburban area.

Asthma was reported by 6.2 percent of 2347 inhabitants of a Dunedin residential area. Symptoms occurred within the past two years in 4.2 percent. In this group the majority showed evidence of atopy by skin reactivity and elevation of serum immunoglobulin E. Airways obstruction was detected by spirometry in 62 percent and 56 percent demonstrated increased bronchial reactivity to histamine aerosols. Less than half used bronchodilator aerosols for relief and only 18 per cent were treated with prophylactic disodium cromoglycate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Chronic urticaria. Etiologic and therapeutic evaluation of 150 cases. (author's transl)].

The study of one hundred and fifty cases of chronic urticaria observed, gave the following results: higher female frequency, usual beginning at adult age, relative absence of digestive problems. For the last of these results we nevertheless noted numerous insignificant functional features, a few examples of colitis, a number of cases of non-functioning gall-bladder. Frequency of sensitivity to foods, preservatives, colouring agents, medical substances, principally shown by provocation tests (the latter present a considerable interest, and merit frequent use); importance of bacterian, mycotic, parasitic origins; little importance of atopy; frequency of minor psychogenic disorders. A contributing role might be played by spasmophily. The therapy includes the following basic treatment; antihistaminic drugs (mainly hydroxyzine hydrochloride and cyproheptadine hydrochloride) and a diet which eliminates recognized urticaria causing foods. In addition, a supplementary treatment destined to eliminate the factors shown to be responsible for the outbreak, must be prescribed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Clinical and immunological studies on acquired heat contact urticaria (author's transl)].

A case of localized urticaria in an otherwise healthy young woman, produced only by direct contact of the skin with heat, is described. The minimal temperature of urtication was 44 degrees C (immersion of the forearm in hot water for 5 min). Redness and painful oedema immediately developed without reflex flare. Total serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complement factors C3 and C4, and alpha1-antitrypsin were in the normal range, whereas the C1-inhibitor level was slightly decreased. There was no evidence of circulating immune complexes in the serum. A skin test and a RAST with house dust were positive, but there were no signs of respiratory atopy. An attempt for passive transfer of heat urticaria into the abdominal skin of a rhesus monkey failed, but was successful for house dust. A treatment trial with ketotifen, a new, perorally acting anti-allergic drug, was poorly effective, but dexchlorpheniramine maleate, a classical antihistaminic, in a dose of 12 mg daily completely suppressed the swelling evoked by heat, but not the erythema, suggesting that other tissue or plasma factors than histamine may be involved in the mechanism of heat urticaria in this patient.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Mosquito: the most frequent cause of prurigo in children. Correlation with the intradermal tests in the diagnosis of allergy].

The clinical dermal manifestations induced by hypersensitivity toward mosquito bites were studied in 50 patients of both sexes whose ages ranged between 0 and 15 years. Among 13 forms of lesions found papules and vesicles were the most frequent. A predominance of females when compared to other statistical data was evidenced. The correlation of these lesions with atopy is assessed, and pruritus, scratching and secondary infection are pointed out as factors worsening this state. Among sensitive subjects, skin tests using a 100 UNP concentration of the whole mosquito body extract were the most reliable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

IgM deficiency.

Primary isolated IgM deficiency accounted for 0.1% of hospital admissions; secondary IgM deficiency for 2.0%. Although 19% were asymptomatic the rest of 89 subjects (4M:1F) suffered infection (60%), septicemia (36%), atopy (22%), splenomegaly (11%), neoplasia(7%) and autoimmune disorders (3%) with a mortality of 10%. Serious early treatment is needed to avert death from unopposed spread of organisms throughout the blood. Qualitative IgM deficiency (absence of isohemagglutinins) and delayed maturation of IgM can result in similar symptomatology.

Autoimmune Diseases↗