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PubMed2026

Robotic surgery for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a systematic review.

Robotic surgery is used for selected gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), particularly when location makes conventional wedge resection difficult. We synthesised technical, perioperative, pathological, functional and oncological outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 14 August 2026. Primary reports with at least three eligible robotic gastric-GIST patients were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and completed design-specific JBI appraisal. Because outcome definitions, denominators and reporting were heterogeneous, findings were synthesised narratively in accordance with SWiM guidance rather than pooled. Twenty-three studies, including six comparative cohorts, were included. Institutional robotic cohorts contained 3-45 eligible patients; one national registry included 1,567 robotic cases. Tumour size ranged from 2.68 ± 1.55 to 7.9 ± 1.8 cm among studies reporting means. Most institutional reports described R0 resection in all eligible patients; exceptions were 23/24 and 24/25, while the registry reported 1,425/1,567 R0 resections. Grade III morbidity occurred in 2/25 patients in one function-preserving series. Registry 30- and 90-day mortality after robotic resection were 0.5% and 0.8%, respectively. Comparative studies did not demonstrate superior postoperative or oncological outcomes with robotic surgery. Robotic gastric-GIST resection appears feasible in selected patients and may facilitate organ-preserving surgery at anatomically challenging sites. Current observational evidence does not establish comparative functional, oncological or economic superiority.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Sutureless versus renorrhaphy in robot-assisted off-clamp partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The necessity of routine parenchymal renorrhaphy during off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare perioperative, functional, safety, and oncological outcomes between sutureless and conventional renorrhaphy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comparative studies evaluating sutureless versus conventional renorrhaphy during purely off-clamp RAPN were included. Trifecta achievement was the primary outcome. Random-effects models were used for pooled analyses, with subgroup analysis according to study design. RESULTS: Four studies involving 787 patients, including one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and three propensity score-matched (PSM) studies, were included. The overall pooled estimate showed no statistically significant difference in Trifecta achievement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.97-1.41), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 86.5%). The PSM studies favored the sutureless approach (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52), whereas the RCT yielded an RR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.04) and met the prespecified noninferiority criterion without demonstrating superiority. The sutureless approach was associated with a smaller perioperative eGFR decline (MD - 3.89, 95% CI - 6.16 to - 1.62), while no significant difference was observed in eGFR at 3 months. No statistically significant differences were identified in major complications, blood transfusion, or positive surgical margins; urinary and vascular complications were sparsely reported. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients undergoing purely off-clamp RAPN, randomized evidence supports the noninferiority of a strategy that omits routine parenchymal renorrhaphy while permitting clinically necessary selective repair, but does not demonstrate superiority. Favorable estimates from PSM studies remain vulnerable to intraoperative treatment-selection bias. Current evidence is insufficient to determine whether omission of renorrhaphy affects urinary complications, long-term renal function, or oncological outcomes. REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD420261435995).

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Results of a randomized study comparing DTIC with TIC mustard in malignant melanoma.

This prospective randomized Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study (1071) was designed to compare a new and promising cytotoxic agent TIC Mustard (triazeno imidazole carboxamide mustard, NSC 82196) with DTIC (dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide, NSC 45388) in the treatment of inoperable melanoma. One hundred and seventy-eight patients were randomized to receive either DTIC (150 mg/m2/day X 5) or TIC Mustard (800 mg/m2/day X 5). Of this group 145 patients were evaluable for tumor response at the completion of the study. Objective responses were seen in 15/79 (19.0%) DTIC patients and 4/66 (6.1%) TIC Mustard patients. Adjustment of crude response rates yielded final response rates of 18.2% for DTIC patients and 5.8% for TIC Mustard. These differences were significant at the p less than or equal to .03 level. Median response duration was 15 weeks for the DTIC responders and 4 weeks for the TIC Mustard responders. Responders and nonresponders did not differ significantly in any of the standard prognostic categories. However, responders had a significantly longer median survival (47.5 weeks) compared to that for nonresponders (17.8 weeks). Toxicity was tolerable for either drug and no deaths were ascribed to either. We conclude that TIC Mustard has limited usefulness in the treatment of malignant melanoma and is less effective than DTIC.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative study of ticarcillin and of carbenicillin as prophylactic treatment in the oncologic surgery of head and neck (author's transl)].

The frequency of postoperative infections in oncologic head and neck surgery can be reduced by the prophylactic use of antibiotics. In order to assess such preventive treatments as to their advantages and disadvantages, a controlled clinical trial was undertaken. The prophylactic use of antibiotics was used in 107 patients, operated for tumors of the upper airway-digestive tract. According to a previous randomisation, the patients received either carbenicillin either ticarcillin. The efficiency of carbenicillin and ticarcillin proved similar. The results obtained with these antibiotics turned out to be superior to those previously obtained with combined ampicillin and cloxacillin; the number of wound infections, primary and secondary, was lessened. The most frequent complications were thrombophlebitis at the site of intravenous perfusion of the antibiotics and hypokaliemia.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1979

5-FU versus combination therapy with tubercidin, streptozotocin, and 5-FU in the treatment of pancreatic carcinomas: COG protocol 7230.

From May 1972 until May 1976, 105 patients were entered on Central Oncology Group protocol 7230 to compare the combination of streptozotocin, tubercidin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus 5-FU alone in the treatment of adenocarcinoma and islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Twenty-nine were not evaluable. Thirty-six evaluable cases received 5-FU, and 40 received the combination, with no significant difference in time to progression or survival. Toxicity in the two regimens was somewhat different but was essentially similar in magnitude. Results indicate no benefit in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with the three-drug combination over 5-FU alone. All of the islet cell tumor patients benefited from the combination by response or arrest of progression of disease. Further study should be directed toward the use of this combination in the treatment of functioning and non-functioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Proposed model for evaluation of toxicity in antineoplastic chemo-hormonotherapy].

A detailed code for the evaluation of side-effects due to antiblastics in accordance with clinical, pharmacological and chronobiological parameters is described. Eight types of toxicity are recognised: systemic or local, cutaneous and adnexal, gastroenteric, haematochemical, cardiovascular, respiratory, genital and urinary, and nervous. Improvement of the objectivity and comparability of results in clinical oncology is proposed by means of a balanced points system for the expression of such effects, and methods for the summary expression of the toxicity of a single case or a uniform group of cases. The method of evaluation proposed also permits statistical comparison between different treatment protocols.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2026

Comparative analysis of distinct genomic landscapes in young-onset gBRCA1/2 breast cancer.

Carriers of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (gBRCA1/2 PVs) have elevated young-onset breast cancer risk. To define the pretreatment genomic landscapes of young-onset gBRCA-associated breast cancer, we evaluated 136 treatment-naive tumors diagnosed before age 50 in the prospective POSH study and 66 noncarriers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Using whole-exome sequencing, we analyzed somatic variation, allele-specific loss of heterozygosity (asLOH), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and single-base substitution (SBS) signatures. gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 breast cancers had high rates of asLOH but differed significantly in average HRD scores and median SBS composition of signatures SBS1 (aging-associated), SBS18 (ROS-associated), and SBS3 (HRD-associated). Compared with gBRCA2 tumors, gBRCA1 tumors with asLOH were significantly enriched for alterations in hallmark ROS, DNA repair, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. In ER-positive, HER2-negative tumors from gBRCA1/2 carriers compared with noncarriers, we found significant enrichment of RB1, TP53, FAT1, and MYC single-nucleotide variants, indels, and copy number variants associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) resistance. Together, these findings demonstrate significant differences between gBRCA1- and gBRCA2-associated breast cancers, and preexisting CDK4/6i resistance mechanisms, supporting prospective trials comparing individualized therapy for gBRCA1 versus gBRCA2 carriers and comparing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors versus CDK4/6i for ER-positive gBRCA1/2-associated breast cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Lymphoscintiscanning with colloidal Tc 99m in pediatrics].

Lymphatic scintigraphy has proved a useful addition to radiological lymphography in oncological diagnosis in paediatrics. In cases studied comparatively with the two techniques, scintigraphy has been found to offer good resolution capacity also. The radioisotope method demonstrated its greatest value as a control examination for judging results obtained after surgery or radiation. In doubtful cases it was possibile to repeat the examination after a short time in order to evaluate the development of the lymph node lesion. The technique is easy to carry out in paediatric age: 0.5 ml of colloidal Tc with specific activity from 0.3 to 0.5 mCix are injected subcutaneously, mixed with 75 U of hyaluronidase between the Ist and IInd interdigital space to highlight iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes. The useof 99mTc is of special interest because it has made irradiation of these small patients negligible.

Child↗
PubMed2026

Transcriptomic Profiling of Canine Testicular Leydig Cell Tumors Uncovers Key Upregulated Gene Pathways.

Total RNA was isolated from sections of healthy testes and Leydig cell tumors of mixed-breed dogs using TMA Master II device. The RNA-seq libraries were sequenced on the Illumina platform. Following differential expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were applied with quality control obtained using FastQC and Trimmomatic. This analysis revealed 1500 transcripts, including 928 upregulated and 168 downregulated genes. The results demonstrated that a significant proportion of these differentially expressed genes are directly involved in the control of sex steroid production (CYP11A1, STAR, and 3β-HSD3B1) or tube formation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling in interstitial cells (ESM1, FGG, and VEGFA). Moreover, we identified the upregulation of transcripts responsible for neurotransmitter or neuroendocrine signaling (SLC6A4, GRIN2C, GABRB3) and cholesterol metabolism and its regulation (GPX3, MSMO1, DHCR24). These genes were strongly associated with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein Kinase B (Akt) cascade and extracellular matrix interactions, features shared with various malignancies. Alterations in estrogen and relaxin signaling appear to be distinctive, understudied mechanisms specific to canine Leydig cell tumors. Concurrently, downregulated genes (e.g., DMRTC2, SEMA3C, ALOX12) were linked with cell differentiation, signaling and immunoregulatory pathway suppression involved in tumorigenesis. A complex transcriptomic profile of canine Leydig cell tumors was developed, revealing a conserved oncogenic core shared in some aspects with human malignancies alongside unique species-specific alterations. Findings seem to be useful for identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies in veterinary oncology, establishing canine reproductive tissues as a valuable comparative biomedical model for research in human.

Leydig cell tumor↗
PubMed2026

Comparative Analysis of Potential Clinical Actionability of Genomic Alterations in Early-Onset Versus Later-Onset GI Cancers.

PURPOSE: As biomarker-directed therapy increasingly shapes GI oncology, it remains unclear whether early-onset (EO) and later-onset (LO) GI cancers harbor comparable opportunities for clinically actionable targeting. We compared the landscape of potentially actionable genomic alterations in EO versus LO GI cancers using American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange v19.0. METHODS: GI tumor samples were assigned to 10 prespecified tumor groups using OncoTree codes. Samples were annotated with OncoKB therapeutic levels and classified as potentially actionable if they harbored at least one level 1-3B alteration. EO and LO disease were defined as age at sequencing <50 years and &#x2265;50 years, respectively. Group-wise comparisons used Wilcoxon rank-sum, chi-square, or Fisher exact testing as appropriate and with false discovery rate correction. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated age group associations overall and within tumor groups. RESULTS: Among 53,945 GI tumor samples, 10,573 (19.6%) were EO and 43,372 (80.4%) were LO. EO tumors had lower prevalence of potentially actionable alterations in colorectal (71% v 78.1%, q < 0.001), esophagogastric (53.3% v 57.9%, q = 0.0097), GI stromal tumor (GIST) (75.1% v 90.9%, q < 0.001), liver (25.4% v 35.4%, q = 0.0021), and pancreatic tumors (82.9% v 90.7%, q < 0.001). In the overall model, LO status was associated with higher odds of potential actionability (odds ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.33 to 1.47]; P < .001). Tumor group-specific associations persisted in colorectal, GIST, liver, and pancreatic tumors after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION: Potential clinical actionability differs between EO and LO GI cancers in a tumor lineage-specific manner. Several major EO GI tumor groups appear relatively depleted of potentially actionable alterations, suggesting that the expanding therapeutic reach of precision oncology may not be distributed evenly across age-defined GI cancer populations and underscoring the need for EO-focused biomarker discovery and therapeutic development.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of intensive versus moderate chemotherapy of lymphocytic lymphomas: a progress report.

In an Easter Cooperative Oncology Group trial, Cytoxan-prednisone (CP) Induction was compared to BCNU-prednisone (BP) in 273 patients with lymphocytic lymphoma. Response rates were comparable, with 21% achieving complete response and 40%, partial response. Patients with a nodular pattern responded better. Maintenance phase comparing cyclic intensive therapy (BCVP) with intermittent chlorambucil revealed the superiority of BCVP as demonstrated by improvement of the quality of response and somewhat longer remissions. The value of the Rappaport classification in the evaluation of lymphoma chemotherapy results is discussed. It is suggested tha NHL be separated into "favorable" and "unfavorable" groups, based on the presence or absence of nodularity and treatment schedules devised accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Early-onset oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes from a ten-year tertiary centre experience: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of early-onset oesophageal, junctional, and gastric adenocarcinoma, collectively known as early onset (EO) oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma (OGA) is rising worldwide, yet its clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to compare the clinical profile, treatment pathways and outcomes of patients with early-onset (<55 years) and late-onset (LO) (&#x2265;55 years) OGA. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a UK tertiary oesophago-gastric cancer centre (2014-2025). Clinicopathological features along with postoperative outcomes and survival metrics in those patients undergoing curative-intent resection were analysed. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by log-rank testing. RESULTS: Among 936 patients with OGA, 138 (14.7%) patients had EO disease compared with 798 (85.3%) patients who had LO disease. The proportion of EO OGA patients increased significantly from 11.5% (60/522) to 18.9% (78/414) over the study period (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.0022). Surgery with curative intent was offered to 54.3% of EO patients versus 58.8% of LO patients (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.38). EO patients had a significantly lower comorbidity burden (18.7% vs 46.3%, p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.00001); were more frequently female (30.4% vs 18.9%, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.003); and presented more often with advanced-stage disease (stage III-IV, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.018). Diffuse histology predominated in EO gastric cancers compared to LO gastric cancers (64.3% vs 43.2%, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.07), with signet-ring features present in 66.7% of EO cases and 85% of LO. Postoperative outcomes were broadly comparable; however, EO patients had shorter ICU stays (6.5 vs 9.4 days, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.0015) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and lower pneumonia rates in gastric adenocarcinoma (10.7% vs 40.3%, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.00084). Despite comparable post-operative pathological stage and treatment, EO disease was associated with significantly inferior disease-free survival (gastric: p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.0033; oesophageal: p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.026), while overall survival was similar. Recurrence patterns differed significantly (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.00028), with EO gastric cancers demonstrating a markedly higher rate of peritoneal dissemination (50.0% vs 26.3%). CONCLUSIONS: EO OGA represents a distinct entity, characterised by a higher prevalence of diffuse histology and a relative female predominance compared to its LO counterpart. The rising incidence observed in our cohort is concerning and mirrors global trends reported in recent studies, with EO patients more frequently presenting at an advanced stage of disease. Of particular concern, this patient group demonstrates inferior post-operative disease-free survival despite lower comorbidity burden and receipt of equivalent treatment regimens. As such, they appear unable to derive the survival advantage that younger age might otherwise be expected to confer. These findings highlight the need for tailored preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this emerging patient population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Whole-Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Bloodstream Infections in Iraqi Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: In Iraq, oncology patients with bloodstream infections face escalating treatment challenges due to rising antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, compounded by limited diagnostic capacity and restricted therapeutic options. However, data from oncology settings in Iraq are limited. This study aimed to characterize and compare the antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive E. coli isolates from cancer patients, to inform infection control and stewardship strategies. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter investigation was conducted in three oncology hospitals in Baghdad. Fifty-five Escherichia coli bloodstream isolates, 36 multidrug-resistant (MDR) (65.5%) and 19 antibiotic-sensitive (34.5%), underwent phenotypic susceptibility testing using VITEK&#xae; 2 and disk diffusion. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was performed, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified using AMRFinderPlus and classified by functional category. RESULTS: MDR isolates showed a broad resistome dominated by efflux systems. Across all isolates, a total of 36 unique antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, underscoring substantial resistome diversity., efflux pump genes were detected in 100%, &#x3b2;-lactamase genes in 88.9%, macrolide resistance genes in 66.7%, tetracycline resistance genes in 55.6%, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in 41.7%. Representative determinants included AcrAB-TolC/EmrAB-TolC/MdtABC-TolC (efflux) and BlaEC family/CMY-42/TEM types (&#x3b2;-lactams). Among sensitive isolates, only 11 antibiotic-associated genes, mainly efflux or regulators (e.g., acrF, emrD, emrR, emrY, tolC; regulators marR, evgA; target parC; others baeS, cpxA, cysB), overlapped with MDR, suggesting a shared core that is insufficient alone for phenotypic resistance without additional high-level mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Multidrug-resistant E. coli from oncology patients harbor dense, efflux-driven resistomes supplemented by diverse &#x3b2;-lactamases and other resistance determinants, while sensitive isolates retain a limited core set of genes. Genomic surveillance in cancer centers is critical for anticipating resistance emergence and informing targeted antimicrobial strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiology of tumours in the Oncological Research Programme of the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Oncology.

The author submits the results of initial epidemiological investigations, conducted at the department for the epidemiology of tumours in the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, which have the character of statistical epidemiological surveys. He compares the incidence of tumours in the CSSR, CSR and South Moravian region. He draws special attention to the different incidence of tumours among women in the South Moravian region, as compared with the incidence in the CSR.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1976

Randomized prospective trial comparing 5-fluorouracil (NSC-19893) to 5-fluorouracil and methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer.

The Southwest Oncology Group has confirmed the superiority of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methyl-CCNU versus 5-FU weekly as treatment for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. The drug combination produced a PR rate of 29.3% compared to the single-drug arm rate of 10.6%; however, the two-drug arm produced much more toxicity. Despite the improved response rate no improvement in survival was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

[Immediate tasks and the potentials of conducting immunotherapy of malignant neoplasms].

This work sums up the immunological studies performed clinically and delineates the trends of further investigations in active non-specific, specific and passive immunotherapy associated with other methods of the treatment--irradiation, surgery, chemotherapy. There are offered 4 phases of the clinical study on the immunological effect on normalization of the cellular and humoral immunity responses in oncological patients: phase I--selecting of the dosage, phase II--studying of the effectiveness of immunostimulation, phase III--a detailed comparative study of new chemical drugs, phase IV--estimating the effectiveness of different schemes of immunotherapy including the combination treatment of oncological patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗