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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Rhythmic movement disorder and cyclic alternating pattern during sleep: a video-polysomnographic study in a 9-year-old boy.

We report on polysomnographic findings in a 9-year-old boy affected by rhythmic movement disorder. The subject's rhythmic movements were found to be intimately linked to unstable nonrapid eye movement N-REM sleep, as shown by their close association with the A phases of the cyclic alternating pattern. We examine the complex interactions between arousal mechanisms and rhythmic movements occurring during sleep.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Diagnosing rhythmic movement disorder with video-polysomnography.

We evaluated the utility of accurate clinical and electrophysiologic characterization in the diagnosis of the rhythmic movement disorder. Seven children with an age range of 1-12 years, referred for evaluation of relatively violent nocturnal behaviors, were clinically assessed during split-screen, video-polysomnographic monitoring sessions, as they experienced unusual nocturnus movements. Differential diagnoses included self-injurious waking behaviors, seizures, and parasomnias such as somnambulism (sleepwalking), pavor nocturnus (night terrors), and the rhythmic movement disorder (headbanging, bodyrocking, and legbanging). The character of movements, level of responsiveness, and electrophysiologic stage of sleep was determined during typical spells. In all the subjects experienced 37 periods of headbanging, bodyrocking, and legbanging that were strongly associated with stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep and K-complexes. The patients were unresponsive during and amnestic for the events. Because the differential for the rhythmic movement disorder includes a large number of disorders associated with abnormal and at times violent nocturnal movements, diagnosis can be greatly enhanced by documenting suspected nocturnal behaviors with thorough clinical assessment during split-screen, video-polysomnographic analysis.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1994

Phase-entrainment dynamics of visually coupled rhythmic movements.

Do interlimb rhythmic coordinations between individuals exhibit the same relations among the same observable quantities as interlimb rhythmic coordination within an individual? The 1:1 frequency locking between the limbs of two people was investigated using a paradigm in which each person oscillated a hand-held pendulum, achieving and maintaining the mutual entrainment through vision. The intended coordination was antiphase, phi = pi, and the difference between the uncoupled eigen-frequencies, delta omega, was manipulated through differences in the lengths of the two pendulums. The mean phase relation and its variance for visually coupled coordinations differing in delta omega were predicted by an order parameter equation developed by Haken et al. (1985) and Schöner et al. (1986) for the relative phase of correlated movements of limb segments. Specifically, the experiment revealed that: (1) the deviation of phi from pi increased with increasing deviation of delta omega from 0; and (2) fluctuations in phi increased with increasing deviation of delta omega from 0. With deviations of delta omega from 0, new peaks were added at higher harmonics in phi's power spectrum. These results were in agreement with previous research on the stable states of interlimb coordination within a person, mediated by mechanoreceptive rather than photoreceptive mechanisms. Additionally, they were in agreement with previous research on phase transitions in interlimb coordination which have been shown to conform to the same order parameter dynamics whether the coupling be mechanoreceptively or photoreceptively based. It was suggested that phase entrainment in biological movement systems may abide by dynamical principles that are indifferent to the details of the coupling.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biomechanical and neurophysiological characteristics of voluntary rhythmic movements in humans].

Amplitude modulation of electroencephalogram and H-reflex were studied under realization and completion of voluntary rhythmic movements and its modelling by means by electrical stimulation of the triceps sure muscles in humans. The changes of spinal cord alpha-motoneurons excitability was correlated with the cycle duration under rhythmic voluntary movements realization and not depend on cycle duration under its semantic completion. The alpha-motoneurons excitability was stable and did not determine by model movement frequency in condition of rhythmic electrical stimulation and after its stopping. Analysis amplitude modulation of electroencephalogram and H-reflex under voluntary rhythmic movements showed correlation between cortical and spinal processes under its organization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Task-dependent compensatory responses to perturbations applied during rhythmic movements in humans.

Modulation of the responses to perturbation applied during different phases of three rhythmic movements in humans-running, cycling, and hopping-was studied. The perturbation was an electrical stimulus. The results showed gating and modulation of the responses in both ipsi- and contralateral limb muscles. The responses during running and cycling were only excitatory in nature, while during hopping an inhibitory response was observed. These responses were not correlated with the normal activity during the movement. The latency of the response in general was not altered for different stimulation phases. The alterations in the step cycle demonstrated overt behavioral changes due to the responses. There were differences between the responses observed during these movements and walking. In running, the major adaptation to perturbations appears to be in the contralateral side as seen in the changes in the step cycle. During cycling (except for one phase) and hopping, the same set of muscles was activated in response to perturbation. This represents a simplifying strategy in response organization. The dependency of the response on the task characteristics, postural stability requirement, and external constraints imposed on the subject is discussed. These studies provide insights into task-dependent strategies adopted by the nervous system to meet unexpected perturbation during rhythmic movements in humans.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Rhythmic movement in deaf children.

To measure the rhythmic body rocking of deaf preadolescents, 320 deaf and hard of hearing students between the ages of 5 yr., 2 mo. and 16 yr., 5 mo. were observed. Data indicate that body rocking was exhibited at a significantly high level and was age-related. Rhythmic movements of the deaf are discussed and related to other areas of development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Parasomnia with rhythmic movements manifesting as nocturnal tongue biting.

The case of a healthy 2-year-old girl with repeated nocturnal tongue biting as a result of rhythmic movements of the jaw associated with body rocking in non-REM sleep is described. Parasomnias manifesting with rhythmic, stereotyped movements of the head, trunk and extremities are well described in healthy children. The term rhythmic movement disorders (RMD) was introduced for these repetive movements in sleep which may appear as head banging (jactatio capitis), body rocking or leg rolling. Severe injuries including fractures, subdural effusions and eye injures are reported. Repeated tongue injuries have not been described as a consequence of RMD. The differential diagnosis from nocturnal seizures is crucial to avoid overtreatment of this benign albeit dramatically presenting condition.

Bites, Human↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of external load compensation during rhythmic arm movements and rhythmic jaw movements in humans.

Experiments were performed on human elbow flexor and extensor muscles and jaw-opening and -closing muscles to observe the effect on rhythmic movements of sudden loading. The load was provided by an electromagnetic device, which simulated the appearance of a smoothly increasing spring-like load. The responses to this loading were compared in jaw and elbow movements and between expected and unexpected disturbances. All muscles showed electromyographic responses to unexpected perturbations, with latencies of approximately 65 ms in the arm muscles and 25 ms in the jaw. When loading was predictable, anticipatory responses started in arm muscles approximately 200 ms before and in jaw muscles 100 ms before the onset of loading. The reflex responses relative to the anticipatory responses were smaller for the arm muscles than for the jaw muscles. The reflex responses in the arm muscles were the same with unexpected and expected perturbations, whereas anticipation increased the reflex responses in the jaw muscles. Biceps brachii and triceps brachii showed similar sensory-induced responses and similar anticipatory responses. Jaw muscles differed, however, in that the reflex response was stronger in masseter than in digastric. It was concluded that reflex responses in the arm muscles cannot overcome the loading of the arm adequately, which is compensated by a large centrally programmed response when loading is predictable. The jaw muscles, particularly the jaw-closing muscles, tend to respond mainly through reflex loops, even when loading of the jaw is anticipated. The differences between the responses of the arm and the jaw muscles may be related to physical differences. For example, the jaw was decelerated more strongly by the load than the heavier arm. The jaw was decelerated strongly but briefly, <30 ms during jaw closing, indicating that muscle force increased before the onset of reflex activity. Apparently, the force-velocity properties of the jaw muscles have a stabilizing effect on the jaw and have this effect before sensory induced responses occur. The symmetrical responses in biceps and triceps indicate similar motor control of both arm muscles. The differences in reflex activity between masseter and digastric muscle indicate fundamental differences in sensory feedback to the jaw-closing muscle and jaw-opening muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Maintenance tendency in co-ordinated rhythmic movements: relative fluctuations and phase.

Evidence from the oscillatory behavior of fish fins and the crayfish swimmeret system suggests that local rhythmic-pattern generators preserve their characteristic properties over the various locomotory co-ordinations in which they participate. This maintenance tendency, as von Holst termed it, was investigated in an experiment in which human subjects swung, through motions at the wrists, hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length. In the experiment (comprising six sessions over 21 months with the same three subjects) the context for the maintenance tendency was steady-state absolute co-ordination: two rhythmic units oscillating at a single, common period and at a bounded phase relation. The experimental methodology permitted systematic control of (a) the characteristic periods of the individual rhythmic units and (b) the deviations from these periods. Relative fluctuations in periodic timing and amplitude were least when a rhythmic unit's period in absolute co-ordination approximated its characteristic period and increased with departures from the characteristic period. Rates of increase in timing fluctuations were approximately the same for deviations on either side of the characteristic period; the rate of increase in spacing fluctuations was substantially greater for the range in which periods were less than the characteristic period. The phase relation between two co-ordinated rhythmic movement units in absolute co-ordination depended on the difference between their characteristic periods. The intended phase relation of 180 degrees was attained only when the characteristic periods were identical. When the characteristic periods differed, the departure from 180 degrees increased systematically with the difference. The fluctuation results are discussed in terms of the relation between relaxation and harmonic dynamics in producing rhythmic movements, with particular emphasis on the harmonic tuning of relaxation oscillations. The phase results are discussed in terms of whether or not the very many stable phase relations in absolute co-ordination are reflective of the nervous system or of differences in response latencies in left and right muscle systems induced by different degrees of inertial compensation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Neurons of the edible snail involved in controlling the rhythmic movements of the pneumostome].

Three neurons in left parietal ganglion of Helix pomatia have been described that can have a synchronous burst activity and involve rhythmic movements of the pneumostome. It is shown that the burst activity of these cells is a result of synchronous giant IPSP in one case and of generation of the membrane potential slow waves in another one. There is no synaptic or electrical connection between three cells. Serotonin stimulates generation of the membrane potential waves and burst activity by all three neurons. Investigation on isolated cells shows that these cells are not endogenic oscillators. Isolated neurons never have the burst spike activity, but only pronounced regulated one. Study on semi-intact preparations shows that the above neurons control rhythmic movements of the pneumostome.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Advantages of rhythmic movements at resonance: minimal active degrees of freedom, minimal noise, and maximal predictability.

Using time delay embedding, the authors applied phase space reconstruction to the time series of rhythmic movements of a hand-held pendulum. Subjects (N = 6) produced the manual oscillations about the wrist at the pendulum's resonant frequency and at a higher and a lower frequency. The number of active degrees of freedom required to capture the dynamics of the rhythmic behavior was 3 for the resonant frequency and 4 for each of the nonresonant frequencies. The residual high-dimensional noise was similarly lowest for the resonant frequency. Whereas 33% and 20%, respectively, of the vectors in the phase spaces of the dynamics higher and lower than resonance were unpredictable, only 12% were unpredictable at resonance. Finally, the predictability of the evolving dynamics extended farther into the future for oscillations at the resonant frequency. At resonance, the prediction horizon was 5 times farther than the prediction horizon for the higher than resonance behavior and 2.5 times farther than that for the lower than resonance behavior. The results suggest that, in pendular oscillations of a limb or limb segment, attunement of the central nervous system to the resonant frequency minimizes the variables to be controlled and maximizes the predictability of the rhythmic movement's chaotic dynamics.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1994

[Age-related difficulty in rhythmic movement].

In order to identify a characteristic difficulty in rhythmic movements with aging, a total of 380 healthy participants aged from 18 to 85 years (group 1), and 1,134 elderly community residents aged from 65 to 89 years (group 2), were examined using a finger-tapping test. The test requested the participant to tap in time to a periodic sound train with frequencies of 2, 3, 4, and 5 Hz (cycles/sec) for group 1, and with 4 Hz for group 2. Tapping deviated towards a faster rate from the stimulus frequency by more than 3 msec at 4 Hz and/or 5 Hz, "hastened tap" (HT), was found to be characteristic of aging. In group 1, the participants who exhibited HT increased with age and reached more than 35% in their 60s and 70s. In group 2, the percentages of participants with HT at 4 Hz were 14.6 (60s), 15.9 (70s) and 29.3 (80s), which were very close to the 16.9% of participants with HT at 4 Hz over 65 years in group 1. This figure suggested that more than 50% of participants over 80 years exhibited HT in tapping test at 2 through 5 Hz. HT in the elderly appears to be similar to hastened tapping observed typically in patients with Parkinson's disease, suggesting a parallel of extrapyramidal motor dysfunction between normal aging and parkinsonism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rapid muscle force reactions during regulation of rhythmic movement].

It was shown by experiments with human forearm rhythmic movements that summary force, stiffness and viscosity of musculature quickly increased during the action of external unshocked disturbance. These effects limited the movement trajectory changes during latent interval preceding nervous reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Automated rhythmic movements and their control under different experimental conditions.

Automated rhythmic movements (tapping) represent a facility for the examination of a motor control subsystem. The actual tapping frequency is influenced by variations of experimental conditions and related to EEG phenomena. The study deals with the effect of different instructions and additional mental load upon tapping and its relation to EEG rhythms. Depending on instruction, large differences occur between "maximum" and "convenient" rhythm, the latter being much slower. If maximum speed is required, the sub ect produces a higher frequency by its dominant hand; there is no difference between tapping without additional load (non-dominant hand) and with additional load (dominant hand). Previous results concerning the relationship between EEG rhythms and tapping movements could be confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fusimotor discharge patterns during rhythmic movements.

Sensory information from muscle is a major factor in the control of posture and movement. The central nervous system can greatly vary this proprioceptive feedback via the fusimotor (gamma) system that innervates the muscle spindle, a length receptor. Despite 50 years of intensive research, the role of the fusimotor system still remains controversial. One of the major reasons for this state of affairs is, because of technical difficulties, the complete lack of direct recordings from classified gamma-motoneurones (that is, static or dynamic) in intact animals. However, such recordings have been achieved in reduced feline preparations during three types of rhythmic movement: respiration, jaw movements and locomotion. The recordings indicate that the patterns of discharge of static and dynamic fusimotor neurones can vary in different types of movement, or in different muscles during the same behaviour. Notwithstanding such variation, a generalization has emerged in which it is proposed that, for rhythmic movements, extrafusal muscle contraction is accompanied by coactivity in static and dynamic gamma-efferents. Such coactivity serves to optimize spindle afferent feedback for reflex contributions to muscle contraction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biomechanical and physiological substantiation for application of functional muscle electrostimulation in performing rhythmic movements on bicycle ergometer].

Kinematic and electromyographic parameters in conduction of rhythmic movements on the bicycle ergometer were studied in a group of healthy subjects. It is shown that these movements are characterized by a stable biomechanical and innervation stereotype consisting of two interacting synergies: flexor and extensor. Force extensor synergy plays the key role which provides both triggering and maintenance of certain rhythm of rotation. Flexor synergy is primarily corrective. Basing on the data obtained, stimulated muscles are selected in basic phases of the cycle, algorithms of time and amplitude programs of muscle electrostimulation in conduction of bicycle ergometry are proposed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

H Uptake and Release during Circadian Rhythmic Movements of Excised Samanea Motor Organs : Effects of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and External pH.

We investigated H(+) fluxes during circadian rhythmic movements of Samanea saman leaflets by monitoring the pH of a weakly buffered medium bathing extensor or flexor motor tissue excised at different times during 51 hours of darkness. Experiments were made in media of two different osmotic potentials: -0.3 megapascal (control medium) and -1.2 megapascals (control medium supplemented with 0.4 molar mannitol or sorbitol). Both extensor and flexor tissue took up H(+) from the control medium at all times when the initial pH was 5.5. Rates of uptake by the extensor varied rhythmically in phase with the leaflet movement rhythm, whereas rates for the flexor were similar at all times. Addition of 0.4;molar mannitol (or sorbitol) to the medium magnified the amplitude of the rhythm in H(+) uptake and release by extensor tissue and revealed a rhythm with flexor tissue. In the flexor, mannitol promoted H(+) release (or reduced H(+) uptake) at all times. We propose that mannitol reduces flexor cell turgor, and that low turgor activates the H(+) pump. The magnitude and/or direction of pH changes varied with the initial pH of the medium. The pH values after 60 minutes converged to a narrow range, suggesting that cell wall pH might be regulated.

Journal Article↗