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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies in autoimmune-mediated disorders. Identification of a structure-function relationship.

Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies (autoAbs) occur and may be of pathogenetic relevance in a subset of chronic urticaria (CU) patients. To analyze the prevalence and magnitude of the humoral anti-FcepsilonRIalpha response in cohorts of CU patients compared with individuals suffering from classic skin- related (auto)immune diseases, we developed an ELISA system for the measurement of anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in nonfractionated serum samples. Results obtained using this assay correlated well with those generated by Western blotting. We found IgG anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoreactivity in 38% of CU patients but not in atopic dermatitis patients, psoriatics, or healthy individuals. We frequently detected anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in pemphigus vulgaris (PV, 39%), dermatomyositis (DM, 36%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 20%), and bullous pemphigoid (BP, 13%). While the autoAb titers in DM, SLE, BP, and PV were similar to those encountered in CU patients, only anti-FcepsilonRIalpha+ CU serum specimens displayed pronounced histamine-releasing activity. The anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in CU patients belong predominantly to the complement-fixing subtypes IgG1 and IgG3, whereas in DM, PV, and BP, they were found to be mainly of the IgG2 or IgG4 subtype. Complement-activating properties of anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs can indeed be of pathogenetic relevance, because C5a receptor blockade on basophils as well as decomplementation reduced drastically the histamine-releasing capacity of most anti-FcepsilonRIalpha-reactive CU sera. As a consequence, therapeutic efforts in CU should aim at altering not only the quantity but also the complement-activating properties of IgG anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases.

Collaboration between specialists is necessary for good practice of medicine. The dermatological examination, mainly based on visual characteristics, can greatly help other specialisms when confronted with a seemingly futile skin anomaly. We discuss the various cutaneous features of some metabolic and infectious diseases, the pitfalls in diagnosing lupus erythematosus without knowledge of skin disease and the relationship of dermatological diseases as cutaneous vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, pemphigus and more to internal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of autoimmune skin disease in the dog: correlation between histopathologic, direct immunofluorescent and clinical findings.

Histopathologic, immunopathologic and clinical evaluation of two hundred thirty dogs resulted in a diagnosis of canine autoimmune skin disease (AISD) in eighty four of the suspected cases. Pemphigus foliaceus was the most common diagnosis, followed by bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. The highest percentage of cases were mixed breeds, followed by shelties, collies, German shepherds and poodles. There was no apparent age or sex predilection. Eighty seven percent of the eighty four cases of AISD were diagnosed on the basis of supportive clinical criteria in addition to compatible histopathologic and/or direct immunofluorescent findings. Thirteen percent of the cases with a final clinical diagnosis of AISD lacked supportive immunohistopathologic criteria on biopsy and the diagnosis was based upon clinical appearance, exclusion of other dermatoses, and response to immunosuppressive therapy. This latter group included four cases of SLE diagnosed using a combination of clinical criteria and a positive test for antinuclear antibody. Thirty three percent of the AISD cases were diagnosed on the basis of compatible findings on both histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. A histopathologic diagnosis of AISD was made in sixty nine percent of the cases. Positive direct immunofluorescence was found in fifty two percent of the cases. Thirty five percent of the AISD cases were diagnosed on histopathologic criteria without supportive immunofluorescent findings, while nineteen percent had positive direct immunofluorescence with nonspecific histopathologic changes. The number of definitive positive results was greater for direct immunofluorescence (38%) than for histopathology (25%). There was an equal incidence (21%) of false positive results among non-AISD cases with both tests. Indirect immunofluorescence appears to have little value in the diagnosis of canine AISD. The recommended diagnostic approach to canine AISD involves the use of both histopathologic and immunopathologic evaluations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Case reports of etanercept in inflammatory dermatoses.

Skin disfigurations and pruritus can pose severe threats to quality of life, and treatment options for patients with recalcitrant diseases are limited. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, appears to play a central role in mediating the symptoms of many skin disorders. We report cases in which etanercept (Enbrel; Immunex Corp, Thousand Oaks, Calif), a tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist that is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, was administered to ameliorate the symptoms of acute and chronic dermatologic conditions, including Hailey-Hailey disease, severe psoriasis, dermatomyositis, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Treatment with etanercept substantially improved the clinical symptoms and quality of life in these patients, and may offer a therapeutic option for some patients with severe skin disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis.

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) has recently been described as a new disease entity characterized by chronic ulceration of oral mucosa which responds to treatment with hydroxychloroquine. It has a particular type of stratified epithelium-specific, antinuclear autoantibody as an immunological marker. Twelve cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 40-year-old woman with an 11-year history of chronic oral ulcerations. Other dermatological diseases, including oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and cicatricial pemphigoid, as well as bullous lupus erythematosus, were excluded. The clinical diagnosis of CUS was confirmed on the grounds of the immunological and ultrastructural findings. The lesions initially responded to high doses of systemic corticosteroids but relapsed promptly after dose reduction. Dapsone was ineffective. Hydroxychloroquine, given at a dosage of 200-400 mg/day, led to a complete and long-lasting remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Preservation of specific fluorescence by sealing with nail polish.

Semipermanent mounting media and postfixation of immunofluorescence (IF) slides in alcohol have been effective in preserving specific fluorescence (SF). In the present study the efficacy of such mounting was compared with a simpler technique of sealing the routinely mounted IF slides with nail polish. Frozen sections of skin lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus and lichen planus, and patients' sera known to have pemphigus or pemphigoid antibodies were used for IF procedures. SF was equally detectable with both techniques for over 8 months. Control slides similarly processed but not sealed lost most of their SF within a few weeks.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1975

The epidermal-dermal junction.

Ultrastructurally, the epidermal-dermal junction is composed of four component areas:(1) the basal cell plasma membrane with its specialized attachment devices or hemidesmosomes, (2) an electron-lucent area, the lamina lucida, (3) the basal lamina, and (4) the sub-basal lamina fibrous components, including anchoring fibrils, dermal microfibril bundles, and collagen fibers. The light microscopic "basement membrane" comprises only the sub-basal lamina fibrous zone. Other cell types, including melanocytes and Merkel cells, are also found at the epidermal-dermal junction. Structures at the junction derive their origin from the epidermis and dermis: the basal lamina is primarily of epidermal origin, the anchoring fibrils of dermal origin. The junction serves the following functions: (1) epidermal-dermal adherence, (2) mechanical support for the epidermis, and (3) a barrier to the exchange of cells and of some large molecules across the junction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A search for microtubular inclusions in endothelial cells in a variety of skin diseases.

An electron microscopic study of a variety of skin diseases has demonstrated microtubular 'inclusions' in vascular endothelium in bullous pemphigoid for the first time. The 'inclusions' are similar to those originally reported in lupus erythematosus by Fresco (1968) and presently being detected in an increasing number and variety of pathological processes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMed1982

The use of paraffin-processed tissue and the immunoperoxidase technique in the diagnosis of bullous diseases, lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.

Twenty-two skin biopsies have been split and each half examined either by the immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin-fixed tissue or by both immunoperoxidase (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) technique on snap-frozen tissue. All twenty-two specimens gave positive results by frozen IF techniques, nineteen out of twenty-two (86%) were positive by frozen IP techniques and sixteen out of twenty-two (72%) were positive by IP on paraffin-fixed material. If retrospective immunopathology is required on a specimen and only paraffin-fixed material is available a positive result may be expected in the majority of cases.

Dermatitis Herpetiformis↗
PubMed2003

[Radiation-induced skin reactions (except malignant tumors)].

The aim of this work, synthesized from personal case reports and a review of literature is to describe cutaneous complications of radiation therapy (except radiation-induced cancers): known and frequent such as radiation dermatitis or less frequent, beginning or strictly limited on irradiated skin areas: acne, infectious diseases, dyskeratosis, Grover's disease, sub-cutaneous pustulosis, cutaneous lichen, morphea, autoimmune bullous dermatosis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, we try to precise the physiopathogenic mechanisms of these dermatosis and we want to draw the attention on these dermatoses which sometimes need a multidisciplinary approach.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[D-penicillamine: mechanism of cellular action and induced autoimmune diseases].

The fall in the IgM rheumatoid factors under treatment is not sufficient to explain the effectiveness of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of action of D-penicillamine is still poorly elucidated. In vitro, in the presence of copper ions, D-penicillamine inhibits the lymphoblastic transformation induced by polyclonal mitogens; it decreases the production of immunoglobulins by lymphocytes stimulated by the Pokeweed mitogen. This inhibitory action is exerced on the helper T lymphocytes via the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Monocytes are capable of blocking the inhibitory action of D-penicillamine. The mechanism of the auto-immune complications induced by D-penicillamine is controversial. Two theories have been proposed:--a modification of the auto-antigens due to the presence of the highly reactive thiol group;--an interference with the lymphoid cells involved in suppressor or effector lymphocyte cellular co-operation. These auto-immune complications can be classified into two groups: organ-specific diseases such as myasthenia, polymyositis, thyroiditis, and non organ-specific diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and lupus. The suspension of D-penicillamine generally leads to the resolution of the symptoms, but corticosteroid and immunosuppressant treatment is sometimes required.

Animals↗