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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Automated computer program for radionuclide cardiac output determination.

Radionuclides have provided a safe, reliable, and minimally invasive method for repeated determinations of cardiac output. A completely automated computer program for data analysis is described. Cardiac output values obtained by this technique correlated closely with values obtained by manual determination of the region of interest (r = 0.90 for right-ventricular and 0.98 for left-ventricular outputs, p less than 0.001 for both). Further, cardiac output determined by computer selection of either left-ventricular area of interest or of the "whole heart region" correlated significantly with that simultaneously determined by dye-dilution technique (indocyanine green; r = 0.86, p less than 0.001 for both). The automated approach allows greater objectivity in the selection of the regions of interest, faster turnaround of calculated results, and use of a smaller dose of radionuclide.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A short computer program for calculating tissue distributions in tumour-bearing nude mice after administration of radiolabelled specific and non-specific antibodies.

The short computer program described provides for rapid calculation of tumour and normal tissue distribution data for radiolabelled specific antibody and non-specific immunoglobulin in the nude mouse xenograft model. Results are displayed in convenient tabular form and also as a bar graph. Facilities for providing a hard copy of all results are installed within the program.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Computer program for the expression of the kinetic equations of enzyme reactions as functions of the rate constants and the initial concentrations.

A versatile computer program with an easy input method has been developed for the construction of the terms in kinetic equations of enzyme reactions. It allows the expression of the time-dependence of the concentrations of all of the species involved as functions of the kinetic parameters. The mathematical theory used in this paper, the program and examples of its use have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50159 (41 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1990) 265, 5.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1976

A computer program suitable for fitting linear models when the dependent variable is dichotomous, polichotomous or censored survival and non-linear models when the dependent variable is quantitative.

Given a set of measurements of s explanatory variables corresponding to each experimental unit, a computer program, whose methodological background can be found in [2] has been written in FORTRAN IV language in order to perform regression analyses when the dependent variable is: (i) dichotomous; (ii) polichotomous; (iii) censored survival. In the two former the Cox's [6] linear logistic models are used while in the third one it has been resorted to the models suggested by Feigl and Zelen [8]. The statistical estimation procedure is maximum likelihood and among the different algorithms developed to reach this goal, the one published by Van der Voort and Dorpema [3], has been utilized. Furthermore, when the dependent variable is quantitative, the program is suitable to fit any function non-linear in the parameters; the pertinent function and its first and second derivatives must be provided by the user. In the present version, implemented on a Univac 1106 machine, the program fits directly the Gompertz function.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

Calculation of survival curves and statistical comparison of two censored populations: a computer program in BASIC.

In experimental aging research the handling of censored data imposes a serious problem in the calculation of survival curves of partly censored populations and the statistical comparison of such populations. The presented computer program combines a method to calculate a corrected survival curve and a test to compare two censored populations. In both methods, the proportion of the animals that survive or die during an interval and the number at risk at the start of that interval is used in the calculation of relative survival or death during that interval. The program is written in an elementary BASIC and will run on practically every computer programmable in BASIC. The presented method can be used for testing the difference between survival characteristics of two animal populations but might also be employed in evaluating the effect of a medical treatment.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

A computer program for parenteral nutrition solution preparation.

The preparation of single-bottle parenteral nutrition solutions for neonates has long posed a problem for pharmacists. Frequent formulation changes and the need for rapid supply of solutions after prescription has led to a variety of preparation techniques being developed. An interactive computer program is described which enables a nonspecialist pharmacist staff to safely and quickly produce the formula, label and fully document it from a prescription for parenteral nutrition. Ordered quantities are expressed in amounts required per kilogram per 24 hours, and are input to a computer using a "prompt" system. Features of the program include automatic compensations for all non-amino acid ingredients of a variety of commercial amino acid solutions; specified or unspecified chloride anion input; and logic checks which are tied to physiologie "danger" levels, signaling to the operator when "greater than a critical level" has been requested by the prescriber, as well as the conventional check of the logic. The program has allowed infinite variability to prescribing of all ingredients of parenteral nutrition, extremely rapid and accurate production of formulate and allows the computer storage of data about nutritional input to patients. The program is extremely simple in operation, and gives significant cuts in lag time between prescription and the commencement of the new formula.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1986

MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.

Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity are the two main factors controlling glucose tolerance. We have proposed a method for measuring these two factors, using computer analysis of a frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). This 'minimal modelling approach' fits two mathematical models with FSIGT glucose and insulin data: one of glucose disappearance and one of insulin kinetics. MINMOD is the computer program which identifies the model parameters for each individual. A nonlinear least squares estimation technique is used, employing a gradient-type of estimation algorithm, and the first derivatives (not known analytically) are computed according to the 'sensitivity approach'. The program yields the parameter estimates and the precision of their estimation. From the model parameters, it is possible to extract four indices: SG, the ability of glucose per se to enhance its own disappearance at basal insulin, SI, the tissue insulin sensitivity index, phi 1, first phase pancreatic responsivity, and phi 2, second phase pancreatic responsivity. These four characteristic parameters have been shown to represent an integrated metabolic portrait of a single individual.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1992

SILMUT: a computer program for the identification of regions suitable for silent mutagenesis to introduce restriction enzyme recognition sequences.

We describe a set of IBM-compatible computer programs designed to selectively identify the potential sites for silent mutagenesis within a target DNA sequence. This program is based on a novel strategy of identifying amino acid motifs compatible with each restriction site (BioTechniques 12:382-384, 1991). The programs can be used to identify the suitability for the introduction of any 6-base nucleic acid sequences, such as restriction enzyme sites in cassette mutagenesis strategies. The Table program generates a table of multiple amino acid motifs for each restriction enzyme, obtained by translating each unique recognition sequence in all three reading frames. The Silmut program, which utilizes the features of Table, will further identify the presence of a match between any amino acid motif of each restriction enzyme and the input target sequence. Minor manipulations of the data base files will enable the individual researcher to identify the potential for introduction of any 6-base sequences by silent mutagenesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Prognostication of chronic Ph+ myeloid leukemia using the PHCML.EXE computer program].

In 193 patients with Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) Sokal's calculation formulae prognosticating initial risk status were applied, using the computer program PHCML. The aim of this study was to the prognostic reproducibility of these prognostic staging systems in our patient population. Our results confirm the previous conclusions that prognostic discrimination is possible at the time of diagnosis of CML but in our patients with poorer prognosis the stratification seems to be more accurate. No significant advantage was achieved when we prognosticated our patients younger than 46 years using the formula recommended by Sokal et al. specifically for younger patients. We analyzed different criteria when segregating patients in groups with better or poorer prognosis. We found that the coefficient of the patient's relative risk as the boundary, was 1.9 our patient's group contrary to 1.2 in Sokal's studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of quality of life in the younger child: the use of an animated computer program.

BACKGROUND: In the past, quality of life was primarily assessed using objective measurements of the condition of the patient. Today, most quality-of-life measurements include several aspects regarding the patient's opinions and feelings. There has been an extensive development of quality-of-life instruments particularly in adults, including those for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, only a few instruments, mostly questionnaires, have been developed for the pediatric population. It has been noted, even in young patients with IBD, that there is reduced self-esteem and more anxiety and depression. Altogether, these are important aspects for early measurement of psychosocial functioning and possibly intervention during the treatment of children with IBD. METHODS: For the current study, an instrument was developed for young children aged 5 years or more in which a computer-based animated program was used to measure quality of life in children with inflammatory bowel disease. The instrument was designed to be similar for boys and girls with no reference to racial identity. In addition, it was culturally acceptable for all Dutch children. The program was in the form of a story of a bear and a clown playing in an attic of an old house where they come across many objects with which they play and where many adventures occur. All 35 questions were interwoven in this story. RESULTS: The animated computer program was well accepted and easily used by 16 children between the ages of 5 and 12 in a small pilot study. In those older than 11 years, another approach is probably necessary, using an age-appropriate animated program. CONCLUSIONS: The computer program can easily be used in an outpatient setting and thus ensures that quality-of-life measurement will become a routine part of a medical visit.

Child↗
PubMed1983

A computer program using a nested analysis of variance in morphometric sampling.

The quality of the sample set is absolutely essential in a morphometric analysis. In this paper a computer program is described which uses a nested analysis of variance in defining the sample. The program denotes those levels of the sampling protocol at which additional sampling should be performed to reduce the variance within the sample set. Furthermore, the program is written for use on a microcomputer which allows it to be used routinely in monitoring a sample set.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

A computer program for quality control in the blood gas laboratory.

In blood gas laboratory quality-assurance programs, which are routinely included with materials sold for quality control, raw data are sent to a data processing center for reduction to statistics meaningful to the laboratory's quality-control effort. This data reduction service usually requires a turn-around time of 2 weeks or more. I describe a computer program for the more timely, in-house computation of a laboratory's mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. We have also found this program useful in calculating values for a new lot number of controls during the period between receipt of the controls and receipt of the first set of statistics from the data processing center. Comparing these values to the assayed values in the manufacturer's insert provides timely feedback and augments the manufacturer's professional data reduction service.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Z-curve: a computer program calculating DNA helical axis coordinates for three-dimensional graphic presentation of curvature.

In order to predict curvature of DNA fragments, we previously developed a computer program for simply calculating a vectorial sum of all individual roll, tilt and twist wedge angles between the nearest base pairs for a given DNA fragment [Lee et al., (1991)]. Now, a new program, called Z-curve, was developed to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the helical center of each base pair along the DNA, using helical axis deviations from B-form DNA by wedge angles. The output file of the new program was designed to become an input file for a graphics program, Insight II. Thus, we were able to obtain three-dimensional graphic presentations of DNA helical axis curvatures of any length. It visualized spatial details of the DNA curvature, where and how much it curves, and to which direction. It also allowed calculation of the three-dimensional distance between two ends of a DNA fragment, which could provide a measure of its curvature. Here, three DNA fragments, both curved and straight, were subjected to the Z-curve and Insight II programs. The results showed that their curvature details could be visualized to the level of the base pair, whether the DNA fragments contained an oligo(A) track or not. Their estimated curvatures were consistent with the experimental results of permutation gel mobility assay.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Theory and computer programs for calculating solution pH, buffer formula, and buffer capacity for multiple component system at a given ionic strength and temperature.

PURPOSE: A theory and computer programs running on Microsoft Excel for Windows for calculation of solution pH, buffer formula, and buffer capacity at a given ionic strength and temperature were developed. The theory does not limit the category of buffer components, the number of buffer components, or the number of ionizations for each buffer component. The usefulness of the programs was examined. METHODS: The formulas for 7 single component buffer solutions and 2 multiple component buffer solutions composed of citrate, phosphate, Tris, borate, and glycine were calculated. The solution pH values were measured at 25, 40, 55 and 70 degrees C for comparison with the calculated pH values. RESULTS: Of the 108 predictions made, 96 were of pH values with +/- 0.1 pH unit of the measured values, at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 70 degrees C and at ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 M to 0.5 M. CONCLUSIONS: These programs will be useful for identifying appropriate buffer solutions at various temperatures and/or ionic strengths.

Buffers↗
PubMed1989

A computer program to determine diagnostic decision thresholds and likelihood ratios illustrated with aspartate aminotransferase activities after a myocardial infarction.

We describe an enhancement of our earlier computer program which allows calculation of decision thresholds, sensitivity and specificity, and likelihood ratios of negative and positive test results for any chosen value of sensitivity or specificity. The program will also plot continuous receiver operating characteristic and decision level curves which permit examination of the contours created by using all the available data. We illustrate the value of these routines by showing that the sensitivity and specificity of serum aspartate aminotransferase changes during the course of a myocardial infarction.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Description of the computer program used at the Hospital de Bellvitge for monitoring and control in the Parenteral Nutrition Unit].

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a computer program to control the Pharmacy Service Parenteral Nutrition Unit. The program's main feature is a broad menu of possibilities for the clinical monitoring of patients receiving PN. We explain its operation, potential and applications and give some practical examples of some of those applications.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1996

A computer program for quantification of SH groups generated after reduction of monoclonal antibodies.

Reduction of disulfide bonds to sulfhydryl (SH) groups for direct radiolabeling of antibodies for immunoscintigraphic studies of colorectal and other cancers continues to be of considerable research interest. We have developed a general strategy and a versatile computer program for the quantification of the number of SH per molecule of antibody (Ab) generated after the treatment of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), stannous chloride (SnCl2), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), ascorbic acid (AA), and the like. The program we describe here performs an unweighted least-squares regression analysis of the cysteine standard curve and interpolates the cysteine concentration of the samples. The number of SH groups per molecule of antibody in the 2-mercaptoethanol and in the other reducing agents was calculated from the cysteine standard curve using Ellman's reagent to develop the yellow color. The linear least-squares method fit the standard data with a high degree of accuracy and with the correlation coefficient r of 0.999. A program has been written for the IBM PC compatible computer utilizing a friendly menu to interact with the users. The package allows the user to change parameters of the assay, to calculate regression coefficients slope, intercept and its standard errors, to perform statistical analysis, together with detailed analysis of variance, and to produce an output of the results in a printed format.

Animals↗