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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Biometry of the human occipital bone.

A biometric study of the occipital bone was carried out on 125 dissecting room skulls; it brought out the following points: 1. The occipital squama, despite its dual histological origin, constitutes a stable anatomical structure because its dimensions remain in correlation if the size factor is maintained constant. 2. The parts around the foramen magnum also show 'organic correlations', but these are virtually unrelated to the squama. 3. The pars basilaris is biometrically independent of the squama; it could well be described with, and regarded as an extension of, the body of the sphenoid if it were morphologically separated from the rest of the occipital bone; there is thus good cause to describe in Man a spheno-occipital 'clivus'. 4. The study of the curvatures of the squama shows that fossil Man agrees with present day Man in that when the occipital is rounded, the parietal is not, and the skull is low and elongated. 5. Sexual differences are more easily described than measured. The shape of the occipital condyles has greater value for sex determination than that of the nuchal crests. 6. Attempts were made to estimate cranial capacity from isolated occipital bones, but one had to be content with a fairly large margin of error. Several types of formulae are nevertheless offered to human palaeontologists in the hope that they might satisfy their need to get a rough indication of cranial capacity from occipital material.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of renal ultrasonographic and functional biometry in healthy patients and in patients with chronic renal failure].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study, that examined healthy adult subjects and nephropatic patients, was to detect some relations between kidney's sonographic dimensions and renal function, expressed by creatinine clearance to evaluate more significant and useful sonographic parameters for the follow-up of nephropathies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Age, sex, body weight, height, body mass index, creatinine clearance were evaluated in 15 healthy and in 32 nephropathic subjects. In those subjects length, width, and thickness of the kidney and its central echogenic area and the parenchimal thickness of the upper pole were measured by ultrasonographic technique. Measurements were made with the patients in supine/oblique position. Renal shape index, parenchimal volume of the kidney and volume of the central echogenic area were calculated. Renal dimensions were correlated with age, total body area, body mass index and creatinine clearance. The patients, according to creatinine clearance, were divided into three classes: Class 1 Creatinine Clearance > 70 ml/min Class 2 Creatinine Clearance > 30 < 70 ml/min Class 3 Creatinine Clearance < 30 > 10 ml/min RESULTS: The renal length, as renal failure progressed significantly decreased until creatinine clearance = 30 ml/min. In class 3 the renal volume and the transvers diameter decreased as renal failure progressed. The renal parenchymal volume as renal failure progressed significantly decreased. Our results demonstrated that renal length reduced inside the three classes of patients but the reduction was significant only between the first and the second classes of patients. The transverse diameter and the renal shape index did not reduce significantly inside three classes of patients. The renal parenchimal volume reduced significantly inside the 3 classes. CONCLUSIONS: The more important measurement of renal size is longitudinal diameter in subjects with normal renal function. However, the renal parenchimal volume is the more exact sonographic parameter in end-stage renal failure.

Female↗
PubMed2002

[Fetal ultrasound biometry in a Cameroonian population: study of femur length].

The length of the fetal femur was measured by fetal ultrasonography in Cameroonian population as a preliminary step in constructing local curves for fetal growth. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 centers in Yaoundé, Cameroon over a period of one year. A total of 803 pregnant women (mean age, 27.15 years) knowing the exact date of the last menstrual period (LMP) were included. Based on ultrasound findings demonstrating a single fetus with normal development. Gestational age ranged from 12 to 42 weeks of amenorrhea (WOA). The mean length of the femur increased from 16.61 +/- 2.25 mm at 13 WOA to 75.36 +/- 4.85 mm at 42 WOA. There was a good correlation with gestational age and findings reported in the literature. Curves obtained using these data were compared with those in the literature. In most cases femur lengths measured in Cameroonian fetuses were slightly longer than European standards throughout pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Dating biometry with crown-rump length, precision of a routine practice].

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of an everyday practice for assessing gestational age by ultrasound and redefine the correction of gestational age policy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used first trimester measurements taken during a three-year period. We considered all births from pregnancies that began by an in vitro fertilization procedure. We examined 143 consecutive files containing 257 measurements made by 72 different operators. We applied two reference curves to calculate the date the pregnancy began and the centiles of the prediction interval for +/- 7, +/- 5 and +/- 3 days. RESULTS: The prediction intervals for +/-7, +/-5, +/-3 days excluded 2%, 6%, and 25% respectively of the embryos from one of the two reference curves. These intervals were 1%, 5% and 20%, were better for the other curve. CONCLUSION: Correction of gestational age has to take into consideration variations in the embryo length. We correct the gestational age only if the difference with ultrasound assessment is more than one week.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Biometry of the anterior border of the human hip bone: normal values and their use in sex determination.

Sixteen different variables and 3 indices for the anterior border of 42 human hip bones from a Spanish skeletal collection were studied. Values for 15 of these variables and for the 3 indices are reported. We were unable to detect statistically significant differences between means relating to side in any of the variables and indices studied. Statistically significant differences were detected between means in relation to sex for 4 variables (distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, distance from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the iliopubic eminence, distance from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, length of the notch between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the iliopubic eminence). These variables could be used for sex determination from the human hip bone or its fragments.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2005

Deaths from ischemic disease, anthropometry and cardiac biometry.

INTRODUCTION: The relation between body mass index (BMI)/obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in ischemic heart disease (IHD) has not been completely established, based on postmortem studies. OBJECTIVE: To study necropsy data of deaths from cardiac ischemia and its relation to macroscopic data of the heart and anthropometry. METHOD: Retrospective study of necropsies conducted by the medical legal services of Porto in 2002-03, with a final diagnosis of "myocardial infarction" or "chronic ischemic heart disease" or with more than 50% obstructive coronary disease. An observation grid was compiled from the necropsy data, with emphasis on anthropometry and cardiac exam. Descriptive and inferential methods (Pearson's correlation, the chi-square test and stepwise multiple regression) were used for the statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 231 selected cases, 75.3% were men, of whom 53.7% were diagnosed with myocardial infarction and 46.3% with IHD, with BMI of 26.9 +/- 5.1, body weight of 74.7 +/- 19.9 kg, left ventricular thickness of 16.9 +/- 4.7 mm, and cardiac weight of 517 +/- 163 g. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.001) were found between age, body weight (-0.33), height (-0.33), and BMI (-0.21) and positive correlations between cardiac weight, body weight (0.35), height (0.24), BMI (0.26), and LVH (0.29). Significant differences were found between genders with regard to age, weight, height and heart weight, but no differences in terms of years of education, BMI or left ventricular thickness. Stepwise regression found two predictive variables for heart weight: body weight, accounting for 12.1%, with age increasing this to 15.4%. CONCLUSION: These results seem to confirm objectively by postmortem examination that high values of BMI and body weight, left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac weight correlate with IHD, with important gender differences to be taken into consideration. Body weight and age are major predictive variables for heart weight. These findings have important public health implications in the prevention of overweight and ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ultrasound biometry of the fetal heart].

We report on biometric measurements of the fetal heart with the TM-technique; these measurements were carried out between the 20th and 40th gestational week. The right and left endsystolic atrial and ventricular diameters were, measured, as well as the diameters of the large vessels, i.e. aorta and pulmonary artery; finally, the septal thickness was determined. Our measurements show a linear progression of the diameters in question, the right-left ratio of the atria and ventricles was close to one, so was the ratio between aorta and pulmonary artery. Our results are compared, as far as possible, to the literature.

Anthropometry↗