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PubMedDate not supplied

A national survey of medical risk assessment instruction in general practice residency programs (Part I).

Formal and structured training in medical risk assessment (MRA) has been a requirement in general practice residency (GPR) programs since their inception in 1972. Institutions offering GPR programs frequently differ in the levels and types of available resources necessary to implement this training. Program directors have expressed significant concerns that this training is difficult to provide, especially in the area of physical examination. The literature has not yet established how or if programs have organized their curricula to conform to accreditation standards in MRA established by the American Dental Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation. The purpose of this study was to conduct a nationwide survey of all GPR programs to identify program characteristics and resources, didactic and clinical educational methods, and perceived achievement of ADA Standard Fourteen for MRA training. Recommendations for further research are also given. Results will be reported in this paper, the paper following in this issue, and an additional paper to be published in a forthcoming issue.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed2006

Codes and colleagues: Is there support for universal patient acceptance?

This article is a refinement of verbal reactions to O'Toole's and Corsino's remarks at a national conference on Access to Oral Health Care held at the headquarters of the American Dental Association in August 2005. The article consists of two parts, each part an answer to specific questions. The first is a reaction to Corsino's explanation of Patthoff's concept of Universal Patient Acceptance. Acceptance is supported and endorsed, and a case is made for the importance of a clear and accurate explanation of Universal Patient Acceptance, as it has a much greater likelihood of being embraced by dentists than "access" seems to have. A review of relevant codes of ethics in dentistry reveals mixed and uneven support for Universal Patient Acceptance. The second part of this article compares the way that the profession of psychology views access and acceptance with the way that dentistry seems to view them and concludes that, if dentistry is to remain a caring profession rather than a commercial enterprise, acceptance must be embraced.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1992

A researcher's view.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), by ensuring that the health care products used by Americans are both safe and effective, provides an essential regulatory function. With respect to the regulation of dental drug products, this researcher perceives that the FDA has not changed or modified its position on a number of issues to reflect new scientific information. Reasons for this inflexibility include the size and ponderousness of the agency, inadequate staff with dental expertise, and a failure to keep current with new dental research findings. The FDA must solve these problems if it wishes to regulate intelligently. The acceptance and certification programs of the American Dental Association ensure that products offered to the profession and the public that bear its seal of acceptance are safe and effective. The ADA's Council on Dental Therapeutics has a long history of staying current on issues in dental research and public health and regularly seeks consultation from eminently qualified experts. Overall, it has done an excellent job over the years in conducting an important voluntary regulatory program. Both the FDA and the ADA benefit and help protect the oral health of the public.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1975

Hepatitis B virus infection in dentists.

To evaluate viral hepatitis as a hazard in general dentistry, we surveyed participants in an annual health-screening program at the 1972 American Dental Association session. Of 1245 practitioners, 0.9 per cent were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 12.7 per cent were antibody positive. Of those who had had clinical hepatitis while studying or practicing dentistry, 43 per cent were seropositive. The frequency of evidence for prior infection with hepatitis B virus increased uniformly with increasing years of professional experience. The proportion of seropositive dentists did not vary with geographic region of the United States, or size of community. Only 10.5 per cent recognized illicit self-injection among patients, and their infection rate was not increased. These data indicate an increased frequency of infection with hepatitis B virus among general dentists, and are compatible with relatively uniform endemicity of subtype/ad strans of that agent in the general population for several decades.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Leadership: a new look, a new time, and established leadership.

The executive director of the American Dental Association characterizes leadership as involving inspiration, vision, and hope in the service of change. The need is great and the opportunities of numerous. Leadership has been built at the ADA through identifying a shared set of core values and through a billion dollar national Campaign for Dental Education. Although the future of the profession is bright, the outstanding leadership challenges include: increasing access, the cost and faculty shortages in dental education, globalization, emerging biotechnology, licensure, increasing the public's perceived value of oral health, and workforce matters.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1996

Developing support programs for dentists with infectious disease.

The American Dental Association (ADA) has developed many resources to address growing concerns regarding HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) issues in dental practice, including continuing education courses, workshops, journal articles, and monographs. In addition, the ADA Council on Dental Practice has established a network for dentists with HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The network has been named PEERS, which stands for Prevention, Education, Ethics, Resources, and Support. This paper provides guidelines for developing programs in each state to address the needs of dentists with HIV/AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1995

The outcome of a clinical trial of a dentin bonding system. Justice or injustice?

PURPOSE: To review the findings and to question the outcome of a clinical evaluation of a dentin bonding system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a split mouth, single blind (to patient), randomised within patient, clinical trial of Tripton used in conjunction with Opalux and the ultrafine compact-filled, experimental visible light cured resin composite M221784 (ICI Dental) in the restoration of mixed (enamel/dentin), caries free buccal-surface cervical lesions in vital, permanent canine and premolar teeth. The design of the trial was based on the then current American Dental Association (ADA) Clinical Protocol Guidelines for Dentin and Enamel Adhesive Materials. Restorations were placed as dictated by a predetermined randomised number scheme with each patient recruited to the study receiving at least one pair of matched restorations, comprising one restoration of each resin composite. RESULTS: The study reported was discontinued at 1 year subsequent to a 17% loss rate between 6 and 12 months after placement, with most of the restorations lost having been placed in what has subsequently become shown to be relatively unfavorable situations. It is suggested that the outcome of clinical trials of the type considered may warrant review in the light of new knowledge and understanding, and that regulatory bodies setting clinical protocol guidelines must give careful consideration as to whether the criteria for this type of trial should be more restrictive or required to include a representative range of clinically relevant situations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Dentist-prescribed home bleaching: current status.

White teeth have been an indicator of physical attractiveness throughout history. Only recently have we been able to whiten teeth with few side effects, making tooth bleaching a popular and effective dental treatment. The American Dental Association (ADA) has established guidelines on safety and effectiveness for tooth bleaching. External stains from aging or inherent dark color are more responsive to bleaching than internal stains. Dentist-prescribed home bleaching--including a careful dental exam, custom-fabricated trays, tacky high-viscosity gels, adequate instructions, and recall exams--has been shown to be an effective method for bleaching teeth. Trays can be worn overnight or during the day with similar effectiveness. The bleaching effect can last up to 3 years with more than 50% success.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1985

Impact on dental hygiene.

This paper reviews the six recommendations as approved by the House of Delegates of the American Dental Association in 1983. Each recommendation is reviewed in relation to public health and preventive dentistry as well as the established goal of dental hygiene: "To improve the public's total health by increasing the awareness of and access to quality oral health care and to position the dental hygienist as the preventive oral health professional." To reach this goal it is recommended that dental hygienists seek out opportunities in the public sector where there is more job satisfaction, their professional roles have higher acceptance with both coworkers and patients, and there is a high level of interaction with other health-care professionals.

American Dental Association↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Managed care seizes the attention of dentistry.

Throughout the health care reform debates of 1993 and 1994, the dental profession steadfastly maintained that dentistry was distinct from medicine and that the proposed solutions to the problems in medicine should not be applied to dentistry. The American Dental Association (ADA) supports the position that dental care delivery and financing systems successfully promote access, quality, and cost-containment. Important distinctions exist between the delivery and financing systems of dentistry and medicine. Dentistry is a cottage industry of solo practitioners financed overwhelmingly by private funds. The driving forces behind the growth of managed dental care are the business conditions in dentistry and employers' cost-containment concerns. Dentists should be informed about managed care, which is certain to grow and become an important part of the dental delivery and financing systems but is unlikely to achieve the dominance that it has in medicine.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1988

Diffusion of knowledge in dentistry. The pit and fissure sealant conferences.

This paper presents data on the diffusion to dentists of information from the May 1981 American Dental Association conference and December 1983 National Institutes of Health (NIH) conference on pit and fissure sealants. A mail survey was sent to 521 (72.2% returned) randomly selected dentists in general practice and all 47 (76.6% returned) pedodontists in the State of Washington. Approximately 70% of the dentists were aware that the conferences had taken place and a little over 50% were aware of the conference recommendations. Awareness was related to: being a pedodontist, number of continuing education hours taken, number of referred journals read, and being an officer in a dental organization.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1997

Voluntary programs: ADA Seal program and international implications.

For about 130 years the American Dental Association (ADA) has aided the profession and the public in selecting safe and effective dental products. Since 1930, dental products have been evaluated through the ADA Seal program. In accordance with the ADA's Bylaws, the Council on Scientific Affairs assesses information evaluating the safety, efficacy, appropriate use, and promotional claims of dental products. In doing so, the Council may award the ADA's Seal of Acceptance. In collaboration with interested parties, expert consultants, and Council members, the ADA produces guidelines suggesting appropriate methodologies and submission data to assist manufacturers in voluntarily earning the Seal of Acceptance. To date, numerous professional and consumer products have been evaluated, and about 1,300 of these products bear the Association's Seal of Acceptance. When a product is awarded the Seal it means that adequate data have been submitted and reviewed and, based on available information, the product meets ADA guidelines of safety and effectiveness. Dental health care professionals and consumers who use products that have the Seal can be confident that a product's properties and performance are consistent with current professional standards and manufacturers' claims. The ADA Seal program serves to help dentists and manufacturers meet their ethical obligations to the public by promoting safe and effective health care products.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed2006

Professionally applied topical fluoride: evidence-based clinical recommendations.

BACKGROUND: With the dramatic increase in the amount of scientific information available about oral health, an evidence-based approach to oral health care and the practice of dentistry is necessary. There is a need to summarize, critique and disseminate scientific evidence and to translate the evidence into a practical format that is used easily by dentists The evidence-based clinical recommendations in this report were developed by an expert panel established by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs that evaluated the collective body of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of professionally applied topical fluoride for caries prevention. The recommendations are intended to assist dentists in clinical decision making. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews and clinical studies of professionally applied topical fluoride--including gel, foam and varnish--through October 2005. RESULTS: Panelists were selected on the basis of their expertise in the relevant subject matter. The recommendations are stratified by age groups and caries risk and indicate that periodic fluoride treatments should be considered for both children and adults who are at moderate or high risk of developing caries. Included in the clinical recommendations is a summary table that can be used as a chairside resource. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The dentist, knowing the patient's health history and vulnerability to oral disease, is in the best position to make treatment decisions in the interest of each patient. These clinical recommendations must be balanced with the practitioner's professional expertise and the individual patient's preferences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The how and why of the ADA's evaluation program for dental therapeutic products.

Since 1930, the Council on Dental Therapeutics of the American Dental Association has been evaluating dental drug products for safety and efficacy through its Acceptance Program. To date, numerous products have been evaluated, and many hundreds have received the council's seal of acceptance. Acceptance criteria are rigorous, and the council relies on expert consultants to evaluate the supporting data. There are no manufacturer fees involved with the Acceptance Program. When a product has been awarded the seal, it means that adequate data have been submitted, and that the product is safe and does what it says it will do. This paper describes, in detail, how the Acceptance Program works.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed2000

Broad support sought for emerging specialty of orofacial pain.

The American Dental Association is considering giving the emerging field of orofacial pain full status as a new dental specialty. Many recent advances in the neuroscience of orofacial pain have lead to treatments by orofacial pain dentists that provide significant relief for patients with chronic disorders. However, access to this care has been limited, leaving many patients to continue to suffer. Recent efforts to improve this situation by developing the field into a specialty have received broad support among dentists and have increased awareness of the benefits this field can provide for dentists and their patients.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1990

Vinyl polysiloxane impression materials: a status report. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment.

Results of investigations of vinyl polysiloxanes indicate that they produce highly accurate impressions, have excellent elastic recovery, minimal permanent deformation, and adequate tear strength. A number of vinyl polysiloxanes are certified by the American Dental Association. All of these materials provide clinically acceptable results. Advantages of using the vinyl polysiloxanes include the ability of the impression to be poured up after 1 hour or 1 day, or for some products, after 1 week without significant loss of accuracy; the possibility of repouring the impression a second time and producing an accurate cast; the impression materials are available in several viscosities allowing flexibility in choosing an impression technique; and they can be immersed in recommended disinfectants without affecting the accuracy of the impression. The disadvantages of using the vinyl polysiloxanes include a difficulty in lengthening the working time of products without retarders and a high surface tension making it difficult to wet the impression when pouring up a stone cast. Hydrophilic materials appear to facilitate the casting of the impressions with stone. The automixing devices seem to provide convenience without sacrificing the quality of the impression and are currently available for several products. As with all elastomeric impression materials, proper handling is necessary to ensure the best results. The vinyl polysiloxanes seem to be an excellent choice of impression materials for many clinical situations.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1998

Modifications to the National Dental Examining Board of Canada's certification process.

Following a lengthy and intense consultation with stakeholders, and an analysis of the present certification process, the National Dental Examining Board of Canada (NDEB) and the 10 provincial licensing authorities recently approved major changes to the certification process for dental licensure in Canada. As of January 1997, graduates of dental programs accredited by the American Dental Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation (ADA Commission) must complete successfully the same examinations as graduates of programs accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada (CDAC) to be licensed to practice in Canada. In addition, NDEB's examination system for graduates of dental programs that are not accredited by CDAC or the ADA Commission (i.e. international programs) will be discontinued on December 31, 1999. As of January 1, 2000, graduates of non-accredited programs will be required to complete a CDAC accredited, university-based qualifying program to be eligible to participate in the same certification process as graduates of ADA Commission and CDAC accredited dental programs.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1997

Historical development of whiteners: clinical safety and efficacy.

Since the introduction in 1989 of a home tooth-bleaching technique, the practice has become widespread in the USA. Safety concerns led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to temporarily ban sales in 1991 but the ban was later lifted, and the American Dental Association (ADA) now issues guidelines for safety and efficacy. Early information on safety of home bleaching products was often skewed because they were being compared out of context with those designed to be used only in the dental office. The early studies also failed to put the risks into perspective with the risks from other routine dental procedures. The risks are minimized with the systems supplied by dentists because he or she is able to diagnose any problems or special needs, to plan appropriate treatment and to fabricate, fit and adjust the prosthesis used to apply the material. A wide variety of disfigurements may now be treated successfully at home using preparations supplied by the dental practitioner.

American Dental Association↗