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Community demonstration project initiative: technical support for program development at the community level.

Select population groups are at greater than average risk for cancer incidence and mortality. Lack of experience reaching high-risk populations, particularly those characterized by high proportions of the socioeconomically disadvantaged, presented a challenge to the American Cancer Society (ACS). A partial solution was to integrate outreach to high-risk populations into ACS national priorities and to fund community demonstration projects consistent with these priorities. Technical assistance (TA), which includes expert advice and problem solving, was provided during the first phase to facilitate the development of these projects into "model" projects to learn what initiatives can best be disseminated, or diffused, into target populations. TA also was used to assess how it can enhance the potential for replication. Evaluation of this initiative resulted in a plan to disseminate model projects to selected ACS divisions with varied resources and capabilities (e.g., outreach to high-risk populations, planning, program development, and evaluation) for replication. During the next phase, projects will be evaluated to document the role of TA in facilitating local empowerment and nationwide diffusion of effective cancer prevention and control programs.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2001

Skin topography measurement by interference fringe projection: a technical validation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The quantitative analysis of skin topography is frequently used in cosmetology to evaluate the efficacy of hydrating or anti-wrinkle creams (micro-topography studies) or creams for slimming or to alleviate stretch marks (macro-topography studies). Numerous methods involving the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the topography from silicone replicas have been developed. Some of the main techniques applied include optical profilometry based on the reflection of oblique lighting or on transparency, and profilometry by laser focusing or triangulation. METHODS: We chose to test the Dermatop system developed by Eotech Co., which is based on interference fringe projection profilometry associated with the Toposurf surface processing software. Owing to the system's principle of operation, we first ran three experiments to evaluate the influence of ambient lighting on the 3-D reconstruction and the surface roughness parameters, the influence of the calibration device built into the acquisition system and the influence of calibration in terms of ambient lighting correction. We then evaluated the accuracy, the repeatability and the reproducibility of the measurements provided by the system from known metal topographic standards and skin replicas. RESULTS: It was seen that external lighting can cause variations in the calculation of parameters SPa, SPt and SPtm which can reach error levels of about 5% if the operator does not almost systematically calibrate the apparatus between each measurement. These three experiments enabled us to standardise the protocol for the acquisition of 3-D information, in order to minimise the lighting problems and yet respect the requirements for routine studies. The correlation coefficient between the theoretical values and the mean of experimental values was 0.9955 for parameter SPa and 0.9983 for parameter SPtm. Repeatability presented variations of under 4%, irrespective of the parameters, and reproducibility of under 6%. CONCLUSIONS: The technique provides very satisfactory results from the point of view of accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. It is an excellent compromise between cost, accuracy and the time required.

Dermatology↗