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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a phenytoin dosage regimen design and adjustment computer program.

A computer program for phenytoin (PHT) dosing was developed containing seven different menus: two for drug-naive patients, one using an empirical equation, the other using means for Vmax and Km; two for patients in whom either one or two dose rates and steady-state concentrations are available; two for patients with hypoalbuminemia, and uremia, respectively; and one menu that optimizes Vmax and Km from available steady-state concentrations. The program accepts or converts PHT and sodium PHT, and makes blood level correction for the concomitant administration of 25 different drugs. The evaluation of the program was done by retrospective analysis using data from three study pools: group I involved 47 patients from the University Hospital, group II relied upon 29 patient data supplied from a collaborative Veterans Administration study, and group III involved 26 patients from the Children's Hospital. Predictions were made and compared with found data to be within a range of +/- 15, 20, or 25%. For study group III, many individual blood samples were less than 8 micrograms ml-1; hence, saturation kinetics may not have been involved. It is suspected that saturation kinetics in infants may begin at higher levels. Compliance seems to still be a major problem in PHT monitoring and dosage regimen adjustment. Accepting the data as they are, using one or two dose rates with the corresponding blood concentrations resulted overall in 73-86% achieving blood levels within +/- 25% of the predicted value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Problems in notification and screening of workers at high risk of disease.

Current and former workers who have been occupationally exposed to hazardous substances have unique medical and social needs. Few programs recognize and accommodate the needs of these workers. Consequently, screening and medical surveillance assume a pivotal role in a system that inadequately deals with the needs of workers identified and notified of occupational disease risks. In some cases, screening programs, ineffective in altering survival patterns, are established because they represent surrogates for other kinds of support programs that do not exist. Where screening techniques are effective and available, there still are problems in getting them funded and established in acceptable programs. This paper details these problems and argues for increased research to enhance the efficacy of screening, not only in preventing disease, but also in improving the quality of life for workers at risk.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

The impact of a medical-school-based summer program on the acceptance of minority undergraduate students into health professional schools.

A summer program for minority-group undergraduate students who are oriented toward careers in health was established at the Tulane School of Medicine in 1968. Students were admitted independent of their performance in undergraduate science courses. Beginning in 1972, follow-up statistics were maintained on all participants; utilizing these statistics, the authors evaluated the impact of summer program intervention on the acceptance rate into health professional schools of 303 participants between 1972 and 1979. The results show that 209 (70 percent) of the participants were accepted by a health professional school, compared with 37 percent of 212 applicants to the 1976 summer program who were not selected for summer program participation. These results strongly suggest that summer program intervention plays a positive role in the student's attempt to gain admittance to a health professional school.

Education, Premedical↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating the clinical skills of foreign medical school graduates participating in an internship preparation program.

In the fall of 1986, the Ministry of Health of the province of Ontario, Canada, implemented a special 36-week internship preparation program for graduates of foreign medical schools. The program accepts 24 candidates per year and is offered at the five Ontario medical schools. At the time of this study, two cohorts of participants had completed the program. As part of the evaluation process, each participant was administered a battery of the same Objective Structured Clinical Examination-type test stations, prior to and on completion of the pre-internship experience. Repeating the same examination permitted investigation of the predictive and construct validities of the clinical skills tests, as well as the stability of the validity and high reliability estimates that emerged from the testing of the first cohort. The results provide convincing evidence of the testing approach's predictive and construct validity and reliability.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

A method of developing and evaluating a clinical performance program for physical therapy interns.

A method used by interns and supervisors in developing and evaluating a clinical performance program during a 6-week internship in the Division of Physical Therapy at the University of Michigan Medical Center is presented. This method required a statement of educational resources available, establishment of criteria for judging acceptable performance, statement by the intern of his educational objectives, negotiation of a written contract, and maintenance of a log. The 32 participants thought that this was a rational and acceptable program and stated that they would, if given a choice, elect to follow the same procedure again.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical aspects of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor].

To study the clinical characteristics of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor, 22 patients with this disease who were managed at the Kurume University Hospital from 1970 to 1983 are analysed retrospectively. Before 1977 the patients received mainly radiation therapy as a postoperative treatment, and only two of 13 patients during this period survived. After 1978, multi-drug combination chemotherapy brought a remarkable improvement in the prognosis showing six survival cases out of 8 patients, and four of them are still alive with no evidence of the disease. Although the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine and bleomycin was evident as previously reported, half of the cases achieved a drug-resistance against these regimens during the first line therapy and this required a change in the program. Further, two drop out cases caused by the severe side effects of these aggressive treatment were noted. The best treatment for malignant germ cell tumors is not yet known, and a more effective and acceptable program is demanded to attain the goal of chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

MacPROT: a set of BASIC programs for protein structure analysis.

MacPROT is a set of seven interactive application programs and a coordinating menu for storing, editing, and analysing protein sequences. Analyses for hydropathy, amphilicity, helix wheel, and dot matrix comparison are plotted as graphs on the screen and can be printed immediately or transferred to a picture accepting program. Programs are written in BASIC for the Apple 512 kbyte Macintosh. The source code is accessible and can be adapted to other machines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Performance in occupational therapy as a predictor of successful prevocational training.

Scores on three subtests of the Minnesota Follow-up Scale (MFS) were related to client outcomes in a prevocational training program in a study of 26 clients who were referred from an adult psychiatric day treatment unit. The results of the study agreed with a prediction that successful performance in occupational therapy in the day treatment unit, as measured by subtest 1, would be significantly related to successful client outcomes. the results regarding predictions for two other subtests were less conclusive because clients received high scores. Age and sex distributions showed that the younger male clients were most likely to be referred for prevocational training. The staff of the prevocational training program accepted the results of the study and also agreed that performance in occupational therapy (in the day treatment unit) should receive greater recognition by staff members as an important indicator of work potential when evaluating clients for referral to a vocational training program. It is planned to continue the use of the MFS in the day treatment unit as an aid for evaluating clients for referral purposes. Scores will continue to be related to client outcomes in the prevocational training program. Further study is also planned concerning the relationship of age and sex and sources to which clients are discharged or referred from the day treatment unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A BASIC program for serum cholinesterase phenotyping using a microcomputer.

We have modified a BASIC program for serum cholinesterase phenotyping using a microcomputer. This program accepts the reaction-rate result of total and inhibitor assays of activity, allows the patient to be identified and prints out a full account of the fitting process thus allowing adequate documentation. We believe that this modification enhances the usefulness of the program to laboratories engaged in the routine determination of serum cholinesterase phenotyping.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMed1990

Automated measurement of transplantable solid tumors using digital electronic calipers interfaced to a microcomputer.

Data collection for transplantable solid tumors has been automated with electronic digital calipers and a balance which have been coupled through an RS-232 interface to a microcomputer. BASIC programs handle data entry, calculations and data storage. A "PROTOCOL" program accepts keyboard input of sample name, notebook number, submitter and dose along with necessary information on tumor system, and then initial animal weights for treatment groups are sent from balance to computer. Data is stored as an ASCII file on floppy disks, and protocol reports are printed. When the test is to be measured, a "MEASURE" program prompts the user for keyboard entry of toxic deaths in each group. Then the computer requests input of width and length of tumors for each animal. These tumor dimensions are sent to microcomputer by pressing a button on the calipers. When a group is completed, final animal weights are sent from balance to microcomputer. Then tumor weights and percent inhibition as compared to appropriate control groups are calculated, and the data is appended to the file for that test. A hard copy is generated as tumors are measured, and reports including percent inhibition can be printed immediately after a test is measured. The data as an ASCII file is transferred via modem to mainframe computer, where another program transfers the information to a database management program. These automated procedures for tumor measurement save time and lessen the chance for error by eliminating manual recording of solid tumor dimensions and subsequent reentry of this data for calculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Factors influencing recruitment to an occupational fitness program.

Factors influencing participation in an employee fitness program have been studied in a group of 535 early recruits for a Health Fitness Center established at the headquarters office of a larger corporation. The overall participation rate (20% of eligible staff with convenient access to the facility) was much as in previous reports. Interest was relatively equal in men and in women. Typical recruits were middle-aged non-smokers who had previously been active elsewhere. Men had an above average maximum oxygen intake and muscle strength, but were also somewhat overweight and fat. Women were closer to their actuarial ideal weight, but had relatively lower levels of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness than the men. Program acceptability factors (traveling time, hours of work, and cost) had little effect on participation. Subjects perceived that they were active for health, fitness, competition (men), and appearance (women). General and specific health beliefs were well-developed, but bore surprisingly little relationship to health practices and outcomes. It is thus argued that the shaping of attitudes by trial of an exercise program may be a more effective tactic for increasing exercise participation than general campaigns designed to change attitudes and values.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Family crisis care: a home-based intervention program for child abuse.

Community awareness of child abuse and neglect has greatly increased. The documentation of an upward trend in the number of reported and confirmed child abuse and neglect cases in Hawaii reflects the need for additional programs to respond to this growing concern. Clinical nurse specialists in psychiatric and mental health nursing have developed an intensive home-based crisis interaction and family education program, Family Crisis Care. The program accepts only families referred by Child Protective Services in which at least one child is in imminent danger of being placed in foster, group, or institutional care. The goal of Family Crisis is to prevent the out-of-home placement of children through intensive, in-home intervention and to teach families new problem-solving skills to prevent future crises. The program has been effective in maintaining the child within the home, reducing physical punishment and other problem factors in the family, improving communication and problem-solving skills, and increasing use of community resources.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Residential program characteristics for completion of treatment by adolescent drug abusers.

The relationship to treatment outcome (as measured by the National Institute of Drug Abuse Client-Oriented Data Acquisition Process [NIDA-CODAP] Reasons for Discharge classification) of specific characteristics and elements of 22 drug-free residential programs for adolescents is reported. Admission and discharge data were obtained from NIDA-CODAP on 2,532 adolescents in the 22 programs. A partial cross-validation study was conducted by analyzing separately for two annual client subsamples. The program, not the individual client, was the unit of analysis. When three differences between programs in their client populations were "partialed out" the following characteristics of programs were found to predict positively to outcome (a lower treatment failure rate) to a statistically significant degree: the number of years that the counselors had worked in the programs; the number of volunteer staff in direct service (client contact); the proportion of clients receiving bodily and mental relaxation techniques: the counselors' perceptions that their programs accept or encourage relatively more spontaneous personal expressiveness, including expression of anger by clients, in staff-client relationships, but encourage less client "autonomy" (to be self-sufficient and independent with regard to making their own decisions); the counselors report that providing practical assistance in solving clients' real-life problems is useful. There was a high degree of replication of these findings across the two annual subsamples of clients. These findings for adolescents in residential programs are compared with findings reported in a parallel study of treatment outcome for adolescents in outpatient programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Community acceptance of residential programs for developmentally disabled persons.

Deinstitutionalization and the ensuing establishment of residence programs for developmentally disabled persons has stimulated both community support and opposition. The present study considers changes in the levels of community acceptance after residence programs are established, sources of program support and opposition, and strategies used to overcome community opposition. The data are based upon responses to a survey of all community residence programs in New York (n = 459). The findings indicate marked and consistent shifts toward the acceptance of established residence programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

FORTRAN source listing for simulating three-dimensional convergent beam patterns with absorption by the Bloch wave method.

The FORTRAN source code is given for a computer program that calculates the two-dimensional intensity distribution in convergent-beam transmission electron microdiffraction (CBED) patterns from perfect crystals. The program uses the eigenvalue or Bloch-wave method. It allows three-dimensional dynamical diffraction, and so includes all higher-order Laue zone effects without approximation. No symmetry reduction is included. The program accepts noncentrosymmetric or centrosymmetric crystal structures and allows absorption corrections to be included. It uses the "EISPACK" subroutines for the diagonalisation of a general complex matrix. Up to 100 CBED disks may be included. The code is also available via "Bitnet."

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed1991

Experiences of a health team working in a new urban settlement area in Istanbul.

A project aiming at creating a model for comprehensive maternal and child health care for urban underdeveloped areas was started in a new settlement area of migrants in the vicinity of Istanbul. The project had an impact on health care status, particularly among infants and children, but the results indicated that more effort was needed to reach the mothers. It was noted that building space and the appearance of the work place influenced the prestige of the team. Absentee problems could be partly surmounted by repeated home visits. Based on this experience, it was concluded that health services in underdeveloped areas need to be supported by non medical personnel to act as home visitors and as mediators between the community and the health team. It was also concluded that an established recording system to include both clinical data and attendance is needed to define the cases who need special care.

Adult↗