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PubMed1993

Characterization of enamel and dentin surfaces after removal of temporary cement--study on removal of temporary cement.

Enamel and dentin surfaces of bovine teeth were characterized after mechanical and chemical removal of temporary cements. The surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Contact angles of distilled water were measured to monitor surface wettability. Mechanical removal with a dental probe did not completely remove all of the temporary cement from both enamel and dentin surfaces. These surfaces usually produced contact angles of distilled water greater than that on polished surfaces. Etching with thirty-seven percent phosphoric acid effectively removed the temporary cement that remained on enamel surfaces after mechanical removal but the etchant was not effective on dentin surfaces. Acid etching after mechanical removal of cement significantly decreased the contact angles of distilled water on enamel surfaces but the etchant only slightly improved contact angles of distilled water on dentin surfaces.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1979

Color stability of temporary restorative materials.

In this study it was shown that: 1. There was a statistically significant initial color difference in materials labeled shade 65. 2. Rough materials darkened significantly more than polished materials. 3. There was not statistically significant over all difference in the amount of staining between air-cured and pressure-cured samples. 4. The methyl methacrylates materials demonstrated that least darkening, followed closely by the ethyl-methyl methacrylate material. The vinyl-ethyl methacrylate material darkened consistently more in 14 and 30 days and significantly more at 60 days. The epimine material was consistently the least color stable and showed a significantly greater amount of darkening.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement in the tensile bond strength between resin cement and dentin surfaces after temporary cement application.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three tooth conditioners in restoring the reduced bond strength between resin cement and teeth resulting from remaining temporary cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethyl dihydrogen phosphate, methacryloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate, and 2-methacryloxyethyl hydrogen maleate were evaluated as conditioners. After eliminating the temporary cement with a curette from the bovine dentin surface, the conditioners were applied onto the surface of the specimen and a resin cement was adhered. Stepwise scanning electron microscopic observation and tensile bond strength measurement were carried out. RESULTS: Granular substances were present on the dentin surface even when the temporary cement was carefully eliminated with a curette. When primer and resin cement were applied on this surface without conditioner application, no resin tag or hybrid layer was observed and the mean bonding strength between tooth and adhesive resin cement was 1.8 MPa. In contrast, resin tag and hybrid layer were observed after primer and resin cement application when the dentinal surface was treated with conditioner. Mean tensile bone strength values increased to 6.2 MPa for specimens treated with 20% methacryloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate for 60 seconds. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend methacryloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate as it provides high tensile bond strength values and requires no additional rinse step.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Immediate loading of single-tooth ITI implants in the anterior maxilla: a prospective 5-year pilot study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the success rate of immediately loaded single-tooth ITI solid plasma-sprayed (TPS) implants in the maxilla. Eight implants were loaded immediately after placement in eight different patients, and were followed for five years. Temporary acrylic resin restorations, which were fabricated from impressions that were taken immediately after implant placement, were connected one week later. These temporary restorations were adjusted in order to avoid any direct occlusive contacts. After six months, the provisional crowns were replaced by definitive ceramic crowns. Regular follow-ups were performed during the investigation period. No implants were lost, and the mean marginal bone level for the eight implants increased by 0.53 mm (range - 0.83 to + 1.54 mm) from placement to the final examination. Only minor complications were noted, and overall patient satisfaction was high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Immediate functional loading of immediate implants in edentulous arches: two-year results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of immediate functional loading of immediate implants in edentulous arches. Five maxillary and five mandibular jaws were treated, and a total of 91 implants were placed; 66 of these implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction, and 25 were placed in healed sites. No bone substitutes or barrier membranes were used. Within 24 hours, fixed temporary restorations were inserted in all cases. During the entire 6-month healing time, all fixed temporary restorations were in normal function, after which the final fixed implant-supported restorations were inserted. After 24 months, the overall success rate of the implants was 92.31% (87.50% for the maxillary implants and 97.26% for the mandibular implants). The bone level measured mesially and distally was in 93.40% of all cases between the implant shoulder and the first thread. The present study shows that the immediate functional loading of immediate implants without the use of any bone substitutes or barrier membranes for fixed complete-arch reconstructions can be successful over a 2-year period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage of five temporary endodontic restorative materials.

This study evaluated the ability of five interim endodontic restorative materials to resist microleakage. Sixty extracted human molars were prepared for initial endodontic therapy via occlusal access preparations. After removal of the pulpal tissue, a cotton pellet was placed in the pulp chamber. The access preparations were sealed with one of the following materials or combinations: TERM, Cavit, IRM, Ketac-Silver, or a IRM-Cavit "sandwich" restoration. The specimens were thermocycled for 24 hours (800 cycles), immersed in methylene blue dye for 4 hours, sectioned, and evaluated under a microscope for microleakage. TERM, Cavit, and the IRM-Cavit "sandwich" had virtually no microleakage, while Ketac-Silver and IRM exhibited gross microleakage.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed2001

Long-Term bacterial leakage along obturated roots restored with temporary and adhesive fillings.

The aim of this study was to examine whether obturated roots combined with several adhesive and temporary filling materials can be bypassed by bacteria. Standardized cavities were coronally prepared into 130 straight roots mimicking clinical access cavities. After obturation the roots were assigned to six test and three control groups and coronally sealed with either Clearfil, CoreRestore, IRM, Ketac Fil, or a combination of IRM/wax or Ketac Fil/wax. The roots were then fixed between a top and a bottom chamber each. The top chamber contained soy broth with 108 Staphylococcus epidermidis colony-forming units/ml, and the bottom chamber contained sterile soy broth. For 1 yr the mounts were checked on a regular basis for turbidity in their bottom chambers indicating bacterial growth. After 1 yr only three samples from the CoreRestore group and two samples from the Clearfil group resisted leakage. At termination there was no significant difference in number of leaking samples among the groups. At the beginning of the experiment IRM performed worst. Between months 5 and 10 Clearfil showed the least leaking samples; for some months this was statistically significant compared with IRM or Ketac Fil.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrapulpal temperature increases with temporary crown and bridge materials.

The exothermic setting reaction of provisional composites and acrylics that occurs during the intraoral fabrication of temporary crowns or bridges may cause a significant heat buildup. Intrapulpal temperature increases of 5.5 degrees C may elicit a marked intrapulpal response, both immediately and after prolonged intervals. This study compared the maximum intrapulpal temperature increase associated with the exothermic setting reaction of six temporary crown and bridge materials. The roots of a mandibular molar were prepared for a full crown and suspended in a water bath. A peristaltic pump perfused the pulp chamber with water (37.0 degrees C), simulating a blood flow of 40-50 mL/100 g of tissue/min. Maximum temperature increases among groups were compared using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test (alpha = 0.05).

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

Sealing quality of a temporary filling material.

Endodontic access cavities were prepared in forty extracted human teeth. The access cavities were obturated with Cavit and tested for leakage with methylene blue. The data suggested that at least a 3.5 mm. thickness of Cavit should be used in order to prevent leakage. Examination under the scanning electron microscope showed areas in which the constituents of Cavit were improperly mixed, which may lead to increased penetration.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1991

[Removal of two calcium hydroxide preparations: S.E.M. study].

Calcium hydroxide is one of the most often medication used for temporary treatment in endodontics. Different forms of preparation are available. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the elimination of the pharmaceutical and the commercial forms of presentation. The aspect of the dentinal walls were analysed using SEM and X-ray microanalysis. The results show that Ca(OH)2 removal is difficult but there is no significant difference of elimination between the two forms.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2006

Plastic temporary abutments with provisional restorations in immediate loading procedures: a clinical report.

A provisional restoration in combination with an implant-retained restoration provides many of the same benefits as nonimplant-retained fixed restorations. Provisional restorations serve as a diagnostic tool to confirm esthetics, contours, accessibility for oral hygiene, and can be used to duplicate the definitive restoration. A provisional restoration allows for communication between the patient, dentist, and technician. The soft tissue around the implants can heal according to the contours of the provisional restoration. However, implant-retained treatment can require an extended period of osseointegration, and provisional treatment can be a challenge if a removable prosthesis is provided because adjustments of the denture may become necessary during healing. This article presents a case report that describes the simultaneous placement of implants with the connection of fixed provisional restorations to prefabricated plastic provisional abutments.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Microleakage of temporary restorations in complex endodontic access preparations.

The microleakage allowed by three temporary restorative materials used for the sealing of teeth with both endodontic access and multisurface cavity preparations was measured and evaluated. Extracted human incisor, canine, and premolar teeth with extensive carious involvement were prepared and restored with either Cavit, IRM, or TERM. Microleakage was measured by a fluid filtration technique at various time intervals and after thermal stress. The results indicated that the TERM restorations provided excellent seals and were statistically superior to Cavit and IRM for restoring complex endodontic access preparations. The IRM restorations demonstrated significantly greater microleakage after thermal stress, while the Cavit restorations were deemed clinically unacceptable because of extensive cracks, expansion, and extrusion from the tooth preparations. These defects were not observed with the IRM and TERM restorations.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1992

The influence of gross caries removal and temporary filling of dental caries with a zinc oxide eugenol cement on the level of mutans streptococci in saliva.

The influence of gross caries removal and temporary filling of dental caries with a zinc oxide eugenol cement on the salivary level of mutans streptococci (MS) was studied in 14 children, 6 to 8 years of age. Forty-eight hours after filling all cavities, there was a significant decrease in the level of these cariogenic microorganisms. However, after 30 days, the salivary level of mutans streptococci was similar to that detected initially.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Changes in the periodontal condition after replacement of swaged crowns by metal.

Evidence based clinical studies have shown exact recommended design for artificial crown reconstruction with acceptable long-term results taking into an account the biological price. Previous histological and clinical studies proved that fixed prostheses might influence the periodontal condition of crowned teeth, if not all biological criteria have been considered. The aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal condition of the crowned teeth after stainless steel swaged crowns were replaced by cast metal ceramic crowns. Participants were selected at the Institute of Stomatology, Stradin's University. Selection criteria included need to replace existing swaged crowns by metal ceramic crowns for patients with absence of any systemic disease. Following symptoms of periodontal condition were examined - presence of inflammation (clinical signs, probing) and pocket depth. Assessments were carried out at four different points of time (first appointment after replacement existing swaged crowns by temporary crowns; two weeks after cementation of permanent metal ceramic restoration; after three month; after six month). Overall bleeding score "2" and "3" at the first measurement was observed in majority of study population. Bleeding scores between the 1st and the 4th measurement was significantly lower (p<0.01). The same trend was observed also in the reduction of pocket depth. Overall mean value of pocket depth gradually decreased from the 1st till the 4th measurement. Replacement of swaged crowns by metal ceramic improves gingival health and leads to better long-term prognosis for restored teeth. It is recommended that swaged crowns be replaced with more biologically friendly crowns.

Cementation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of glass ionomer-based restorative materials as temporary restorations in endodontics.

This article compares five restorative materials used to coronally seal endodontically treated teeth against bacterial leakage. Sixty extracted human premolars were used in this study. Access cavities were prepared and restored with one of the five materials. The restored teeth were placed between the top chamber at the coronal end and a bottom chamber at the apical end. The tooth-tubing mounts were aseptically sealed to glass vials containing sterile broth. The top chambers were filled with an inoculum of broth containing Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The bottom chambers were checked daily for turbidity, indicating leakage of the restorative material and bacterial growth; if the bottom chamber was turbid, the date was recorded. The experiment was conducted for 30 days. The results of this in vitro study indicate that glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials provide a better coronal seal against Streptococcus mutans than zinc oxide/eugenol in endodontic access cavities.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of two temporary restorations: light-cured resin versus a self-polymerizing temporary restoration.

Temporary restorative materials are an important component of endodontic therapy. They must both adequately seal the access preparation between visits and protect the obturated canal(s) from microleakage until a permanent restoration can be placed. The efficacy of Cavit and T.E.R.M. (a new light-cured composite product) was compared with the use of a carbon black coronal microleakage protocol. The teeth examined had previously received coronal restorations. After the teeth were accessed, restored with Cavit or T.E.R.M., and exposed to the dye, they were cleared. Three-dimensional assessment then revealed that Cavit more consistently provided an effective seal. In addition, a great deal of microleakage was observed around the permanent restoration-tooth interface. This indicates that perhaps leaking permanent restorations should be removed in their entirety before initiation of endodontic treatment.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Comparative in vitro coronal microleakage study of new endodontic restorative materials.

Complete sealing of endodontic access openings between appointments and after completion of therapy is an essential element in achieving endodontic success. Recently, two new products for use as temporary restorative materials, TERM and Dentemp, have become available. The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the sealing ability of Cavit, Cavit-G, Cavit-W, and IRM-Caps, with TERM, Hard-TERM, and Dentemp. Standard access cavities were prepared in 144 intact extracted human teeth. They were equally and randomly distributed into seven groups, and their access openings were temporized. Specimens were submitted to thermocycling (5 to 55 degrees C) for 7 days and stained with silver nitrate. The teeth were split in half, and the greatest depth of dye penetration at the tooth surface was recorded. TERM exhibited the least leakage, while Hard-TERM demonstrated the greatest leakage, at the tooth-restoration interface.

Dental Cements↗