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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Notifying patients exposed to blood products associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: theoretical risk for real people.

BACKGROUND: In July 1995 the Canadian Red Cross Society recalled blood products because of the hypothetical risk of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) through those blood products. The authors undertook a survey to determine the views of patients and parents of patients about being notified that they or their child had received such blood products. METHODS: The study population consisted of 528 transfusion recipients, of whom 453 (85.8%) were under 16 years of age, notified by the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, of the CJD recalls in 1995 and 1996. Families attending an information session were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire (85 cases). Ninety-seven families randomly selected from those who did not attend the session were interviewed by telephone. The questionnaire was adapted from a questionnaire used to evaluate families' responses to notification of transfusion and risk of HIV infection. RESULTS: More than 80% of the respondents said they wanted to be notified and would want to be notified if there were another recall. On initial receipt of the notification about two-thirds of the respondents had been anxious, fearful or angry. There was no one method of conveying the information that suited all, but a personalized letter was seen as the most acceptable method. INTERPRETATION: Most parents of children who have received blood products are in favour of being informed about the risk of CJD, despite the uncertainty of the information on risk and the anxiety that such information causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating with patients about medical errors: a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Ethical and professional guidelines recommend disclosure of medical errors to patients. The objective of this study was to review the empirical literature on disclosure of medical errors with respect to (1) the decision to disclose, (2) the process of informing the patient and family, and (3) the consequences of disclosure or nondisclosure. METHODS: We searched 4 electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Social Sciences Citations Index) and the reference lists of relevant articles for English-language studies on disclosure of medical errors. From more than 800 titles reviewed, we identified 17 articles reporting original empirical data on disclosure of medical errors to patients and families. We examined methods and results of the articles and extracted study designs, data collection procedures, populations sampled, response rates, and definitions of error. RESULTS: Available research findings suggest that patients and the public support disclosure. Physicians also indicate support for disclosure, but often do not disclose. We found insufficient empirical evidence to support conclusions about the disclosure process or its consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical research on disclosure of medical errors to patients and families has been limited, and studies have focused primarily on the decision stage of disclosure. Fewer have considered the disclosure process, the consequences of disclosure, or the relationship between the two. Additional research is needed to understand how disclosure decisions are made, to provide guidance to physicians on the process, and to help all involved anticipate the consequences of disclosure.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

Providers with HIV/AIDS--a new dilemma.

Recently, a great deal of attention has been focused on health care providers who have or may have the human immunodeficiency virus or, as it is known in its later stages, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This article explores some of the duties physicians have, or soon may have, to their patients and employers in the areas of testing, disclosure, and practice restraints.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Physician's disclosure form a legal viewpoint].

Concerning the physician's duty to disclose information, it has to be distinguished between the information of the diagnosis, the therapeutical instructions on the patient's behaviour and the disclosure of the risks incidental to the treatment. Practically the last-mentioned is the most important, because the effectiveness of the patient's consent depends on its performance. In case the physician violates this duty, he is liable for battery, even if the medical procedure is performed skillfully. The modes of disclosure and its omission for therapeutical reasons are discussed.

Austria↗
PubMed2006

Reducing HIV transmission risk by increasing serostatus disclosure: a mathematical modeling analysis.

Persons living with HIV infection are encouraged to disclose their HIV-positive serostatus to prospective sex partners to decrease the likelihood of unsafe sex and HIV transmission. However, the effectiveness of serostatus disclosure as a preventive measure is not known. We developed a mathematical framework for assessing the HIV transmission risk reduction effectiveness of serostatus disclosure, examined how increasing the disclosure rate affects the transmission risk reduction effectiveness of disclosure, and explored the interaction between condom use and disclosure effectiveness. Under base-case assumptions, serostatus disclosure reduced the risk of HIV transmission by between 17.9% and 40.6% relative to no disclosure. Increasing the disclosure rate from the base-case value of 51.9-75.7% produced a 26.2-59.2% reduction in risk. The findings of this modeling study strongly support intervention efforts to increase both serostatus disclosure and condom use by persons living with HIV.

Condoms↗