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PubMedDate not supplied

The potential environment: home, technology, and future aging.

Two issues of technology and aging that need to be resolved before potential residential environments for older adults become habitable are (a) the extent to which technological advances that would support habitability are user-friendly to this population and (b) the extent to which retrofits or inclusions in new architecture are affordable. The notion that older people are uncomfortable with new technologies or unable to adapt to them does not seem credible, considering that all manner of electronic devices have been adopted by this cohort. Engineers wishing to apply new technologies to housing must consider the future needs of individual households. To the extent that most Americans will continue to prefer to age in place, methods of centralizing information systems must be developed, so that a wide range of services can be locally delivered. If electronic communication and control systems are to function on behalf of the elderly or disabled within the home, single-call backup and repair services, at a local level, must also be immediately available. Older people's priorities in daily living dictate what they need in terms of new technologies.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Reporter gene technology: the future looks bright.

Reporter gene technology is widely used to monitor the cellular events associated with signal transduction and gene expression. Based upon the splicing of transcriptional control elements to a variety of reporter genes (with easily measurable phenotypes), it "reports" the effects of a cascade of signalling events on gene expression inside cells. The principal advantage of these assays is their high sensitivity, reliability, convenience, and adaptability to large-scale measurements. This review summarises the current status of reporter gene technology including its role in monitoring gene transfer and expression and its development as a biological screen. With the advances in this technology and in detection methods, it is likely that luciferase and green fluorescent protein will become increasingly popular for the non-invasive monitoring of gene expression in living tissues and cells. Such techniques will be important in defining the molecular events associated with gene transcription, which has implications for our understanding of the molecular basis of disease and will influence our approach to gene therapy and drug development.

Drug Design↗
PubMed2002

Future AAC technology needs: consumer perspectives.

This article suggests the need for rethinking the role that consumer perspectives will play (and ought to play) in the design and development of future augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies. After carefully defining what they mean by "AAC consumers," "consumer perspectives," and "AAC technologies," the authors consider the extent to which current research has illuminated our understanding of (1) how consumers view AAC technologies and (2) how consumers themselves would define future technology needs. It's not a pretty picture. While it is clear that there already exist specific constructs and methods that could enable researchers and developers to learn more about consumer perspectives, it is equally clear that few, if any, researchers make much use of these constructs and methods. The authors focus specifically on ways that consumer perspective can helpfully infuse participatory action research, technology transfer processes, and ergonomics. In addition, the authors consider how research that investigates the ways in which assistive technologies impact the daily lives of individuals with severe communication impairment also influences public policy issues, which can in turn affect future definitions of AAC technology needs. Throughout the article, the authors advocate for a paradigm shift in the quantity and quality of the collaborations that occur between AAC consumers and AAC researchers, manufacturers, and developers. Augmented communicators and their families have a major stake in all types of research that can affect the design and development of AAC devices and accessories, and the results of this research, in turn, can affect public policy decisions about AAC technologies. This makes it all the more important that AAC consumers be involved at each step of the research and development process.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗
PubMed1998

Home health monitoring.

Due to the general aging of society, increasing national medical expenditures are becoming a serious problem. It is thus highly desirable to reduce the need for medical services by maintaining the population in good health. Intensive monitoring of health parameters will become a necessary means for attaining good health at all times. Technology for health monitoring, however, is only recently being developed. A concept of home health monitoring is proposed by which health parameters are automatically monitored at home without disturbing daily activities. There are many attempts being made to realize this concept. This article reviews these attempts at developing home health monitoring techniques, which include monitoring during sleep, via the bath tub or toilet seat, as well as during daily activities. Preliminary studies show that home health monitoring can be achieved even by means of simple sensors and instruments. There are also many possible applications for advanced technologies. Potential future technologies for home health monitoring include automatic blood pressure measurement via the toilet seat, automatic blood sampling with a device mimicking a mosquito, and artificial noses for detecting smells.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Cost effective and advanced phosphorus removal in membrane bioreactors for a decentralised wastewater technology.

Future stringent phosphorus regulations (down to 50 microg/L in some cases) together with the availability of more cost effective and/or innovative membrane processes, are the bases for this project. In contrast to conventional activated sludge plants, process parameters are not optimised and especially enhanced biological phosphorus (Bio-P) removal in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are not proven yet. Current practice of P-removal in MBRs is the addition of coagulants in a co-precipitation mode. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal, when adapted to MBR technology, might be a cost-effective process. For very stringent effluent criteria additional P-adsorption on activated clay after membrane filtration can be also an interesting solution. The objective of this research project is to identify and test various phosphorus removal processes or process combinations, including MBR technologies. This should enable us to establish efficient and cost effective P-removal strategies for upgrading small sewage treatment units (up to 10,000 PE), as needed in some decentralised areas of Berlin. In particular, enhanced Bio-P removal technology was developed and optimised in MBR. Combinations of co-precipitation and post-adsorption will be tested when low P-values down to 50 microg/L are required in the effluent. One MBR bench-scale plant of 200 to 250 L and two MBR pilot plants of 1 to 3 m3 each were operated in parallel to a conventional wastewater treatment plant (Ruhleben WWTP, Berlin, Germany). The MBR bench-scale and pilot plants were operated under sludge ages of respectively 15 and 25 days. In both cases, Bio-P was possible, and phosphorus effluent concentration of about 0.1 mg/L could be achieved. A similar effluent quality was observed with the conventional WWTP. Investigations with lab columns indicated that P-adsorption could lead to concentrations down to 50 microg/L and no particle accumulation occurred in the filter media. The three tested materials exhibited great differences in break-through curves. Granulated ferric hydroxyde (GEH) showed higher capacity than activated alumina and FerroSorpPlus.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Genetically modified foods: a taste of the future.

Technologies for genetically modifying foods hold tremendous promise for meeting important public health challenges in this century. By keeping informed of the ongoing development of genetically modified foods, nurses can effectively educate patients about the benefits and risks of these foods and promote informed decision making.

Food Technology↗
PubMed1997

New advances in endovascular technology.

Future research on and development of intravascular stents, stent grafts, and other implantable devices will be aimed largely at improving their blood and tissue biocompatibility. Most of the modifications resulting from this research and development will alter the surface properties we currently understand: surface energy or "wetability," electrical surface charge, surface texture, and surface chemistry. However, as knowledge of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of bioprosthetic surface materials expands, new areas for exploration will develop, increasing the opportunities for improvement.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1997

Ceromer/FRC technology: the future of biofunctional adhesive aesthetic dentistry.

With recent advancements in adhesive technology, restorative materials have evolved to an enhanced level of aesthetics while enabling more conservative cavity preparations and promoting reinforcement of the remaining tooth structure. These restorations have included both anterior and posterior treatment modalities applied directly and indirectly. With a growing awareness on the part of many patients of the possible cosmetic treatment alternatives came the desire for aesthetic, metal-free, durable restorations. This presentation discusses the material properties and clinical protocol of a new material which combines a ceramic optimized polymer with a fiber-reinforced framework for durable, aesthetic anterior and posterior restorations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Workflow and problem domain as information planning tools in a pediatric clinic--defining present and future information technology needs.

In 2002, $22.4 billion were spent on hospital construction in the US. With lifetimes for new buildings expected to be decades, planning a building's information technology infrastructure must take into account present and future needs. Workflow measurement and the definition of problem domain have been advanced as essential tools in addressing current requirements while anticipating future needs. To examine these, stakeholders must be identified-including both those who will use the facility and those who will be involved in the IT planning and long term support.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information technology in maternal/child nursing: past, present, and future.

This issue commemorates the remarkable 25-year span of MCN, a journal born at the dawn of the microcomputer revolution. Key events in computer history and nursing informatics are chronicled, followed with visions of future technologies. A review of the technology literature published in MCN is summarized. Clinical implications include four nursing strategies for integrating electronic technology into practice and a list of online information resources.

Female↗
PubMed2006

SPINE high-throughput crystallization, crystal imaging and recognition techniques: current state, performance analysis, new technologies and future aspects.

This paper reviews the developments in high-throughput and nanolitre-scale protein crystallography technologies within the remit of workpackage 4 of the Structural Proteomics In Europe (SPINE) project since the project's inception in October 2002. By surveying the uptake, use and experience of new technologies by SPINE partners across Europe, a picture emerges of highly successful adoption of novel working methods revolutionizing this area of structural biology. Finally, a forward view is taken of how crystallization methodologies may develop in the future.

Crystallography↗
PubMed2004

Designing the future: NBIC technologies and human performance enhancement.

Never before has any civilization had the unique opportunity to enhance human performance on the scale that we will face in the near future. The convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science (NBIC) is creating a set of powerful tools that have the potential to significantly enhance human performance as well as transform society, science, economics, and human evolution. As the NBIC convergence becomes more understood, the possibility that we may be able to enhance human performance in the three domains of therapy, augmentation, and designed evolution will become anticipated and even expected. In addition, NBIC convergence represents entirely new challenges for scientists, policymakers, and business leaders who will have, for the first time, vast new and powerful tools to shape markets, societies, and lifestyles. The emergence of NBIC convergence will challenge us in new ways to balance risk and return, threat and opportunity, and social responsibility and competitive advantage as we step into the 21st century.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2000

Fundamentals of DNA hybridization arrays for gene expression analysis.

DNA hybridization arrays [also known as macroarrays, microarrays and/or high-density oligonucleotide arrays (Gene Chips)] bring gene expression analysis to a genomic scale by permitting investigators to simultaneously examine changes in the expression of literally thousands of genes. For hybridization arrays, the general approach is to immobilize gene-specific sequences (probes) on a solid state matrix (nylon membranes, glass microscope slides, silicon/ceramic chips). These sequences are then queried with labeled copies of nucleic acids from biological samples (targets). The underlying theory is that the greater the expression of a gene, the greater the amount of labeled target, and hence, the greater output signal. In spite of the simplicity of the experimental design, there are at least four different platforms and several different approaches to processing and labeling the biological samples. Moreover, investigators must also determine whether they will utilize commercially available arrays or generate their own. This review will cover the status of the hybridization array field with an eye toward underlying principles and available technologies. Future developments and technological trends will also be evaluated.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Future of technology to augment patient support in hospitals.

This chapter explores the potential of using computer technology to support and augment psychotherapeutic interventions in hospitals, communities and homes. We describe two applications piloted at Children's Hospital Boston. The first pilot explored how patients with pediatric heart disease used the Storytelling Agent Generation Environment (SAGE) computer program to create interactive storytellers and share their personal stories. The second involved youngsters on hemodialysis for end stage renal disease using the Zora graphical multi-user environment to create a virtual city and form a therapeutic virtual community. In this chapter we show how computer technology can be used to help patients explore their identity, cope with their illness and provide mutual support and interaction. We also present design recommendations for future interventions of this kind.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Molecular cytogenetics in haematological malignancy: current technology and future prospects.

Cytogenetics has played a pivotal role in haematological malignancy, both as an aid to diagnosis and in identifying recurrent chromosomal rearrangements, an essential prerequisite to identifying genes involved in leukaemia and lymphoma pathogenesis. In the late 1980s, a series of technologies based around fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) revolutionised the field. Interphase FISH, multiplex-FISH (M-FISH, SKY) and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) have emerged as the most significant of these. More recently, microarray technologies have come to prominence. In the acute leukaemias, the finding of characteristic gene expression signatures corresponding to biological subgroups has heralded gene expression profiling as a possible future alternative to current cytogenetic and morphological methods for diagnosis. In the lymphomas, high-resolution array CGH has successfully identified new regions of deletion and amplification, providing the prospect of disease-specific arrays.

Child↗