[Characteristics of persons accepting the Program of Family Planning of the Secretary of Health and Assistance during 1978].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Program Acceptability”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Dental endosseous implants: an update. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs.
This report, based on the ADA Acceptance Program for Endosseous Implants and accepted by the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs, provides an update of fully accepted and provisionally accepted dental endosseous implant products.
American Dental Association↗
Evaluation of a shared decision making program for women suspected to have a genetic predisposition to breast cancer: preliminary results.
BACKGROUND: Women suspected to have a genetic predisposition to breast cancer face the difficult choice between regular breast cancer screening and prophylactic mastectomy. The authors developed a shared decision making program (SDMP) to support this decision. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the SDMP in terms of practicality, beneficial effects, and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. MEASURES: Decision uncertainty, decision burden, subjective knowledge, and risk comprehension were assessed before and after the SDMP. Additional measures were obtained for concepts related to breast cancer concern, desire to participate in the program, satisfaction, program acceptability, and emotional reaction to the program information. RESULTS: Seventy-two women, most of whom were awaiting the genetic test results, participated. Decision uncertainty (effect size d = 0.37) and decision burden (d = 0.41) were reduced by the SDMP. Subjective knowledge (averaged d = 0.94) and risk comprehension were improved. The women were satisfied with the SDMP and found its rationale acceptable. Women who had strong emotional reactions to the information benefited less from the SDMP, whereas women with strong desires to participate in the decision benefited more. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to give patients more information, especially about prophylactic mastectomy and among gene carriers. Beneficial effects were observed irrespective of whether genetic status was known, suggesting that information concerning treatment options should be made available as soon as DNA testing begins. The better psychological outcomes of women with stronger desires to participate may arise because the desire to participate is characteristic of emotional stability.
Adult↗
Lifestyle physical activity for individuals with spinal cord injury: a pilot study.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a lifestyle physical activity program for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Sixteen nonexercising adult volunteers with SCI participated in a single group pre-post-test of the "Be Active in Life Program" comprising stage-matched educational materials, home visit by a nurse, construction of a personal plan to increase activity, and four follow-up phone calls. Program acceptability, stage of change, barriers to health-promoting activities, abilities for health practices, health, depression, and muscle strength were rated. Physical activity was monitored using actigraphy and a self-report record. RESULTS: Participants rated the program positively, although some preferred a structured exercise approach. Eighty-one percent of participants progressed in stage of change and 60% increased physical activity. There were significant changes in motivational barriers, exercise self-efficacy, self-rated health, and muscle strength. DISCUSSION: Lifestyle physical activity is feasible and acceptable and could be effective in promoting greater physical activity among people with SCI.
Adolescent↗
Characterization of monochrome CRT display systems in the field.
This article presents a review of image quality assessment methods for monochrome CRTs in the field as opposed to the laboratory. The review includes image quality programs at the University of Washington, the University of Texas at Houston, the University of Michigan, and the University of Arizona. CRT manufacturers and display-board suppliers also are concerned with image quality, particularly with respect to the life time of the CRT. The programs show that the need for image quality assessment for CRTs in the clinic is recognized. Although several experimental programs are in place, there is no universally accepted program. In fact, the clinical consequences of degraded monitor performance are not even well known and must be established. The existing programs mainly are based on the most comprehensive test pattern, the SMPTE pattern. The programs permit assessment of maximum luminance, display function, dynamic range, and contrast. They do not permit assessment of spatial resolution. There is no easy method to determine the spatial resolution in the field as precisely as desired simply because there are no visual aids (test patterns) to reliably determine loss of spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio using human observers. This report also presents initial and encouraging data obtained at the University of Arizona with a CCD camera. This CCD camera has the potential to be developed into an important tool for practical CRT evaluation for the clinic.
Computers↗
Automated localization of nerve damage: hypothesis, technique and performance appraisal.
Needle-EMG is a common procedure performed and relied on by neurologists, physiatrists and neurosurgeons to localize focal nerve damage. However, despite its popularity, there is no standardization of this diagnostic process rendering it error prone. An automated diagnostic program may help the electromyographer by providing an objective second opinion and a statistical measure of its strength. Such a program is presented and evaluated in this manuscript. The electromyographer samples a set of muscles and grades each muscle for neuropathic changes. The Program accepts the electromyographer's graded muscle set. The Program then compares it to muscle-sets derived from all possible combinations of nerve damage and finds that combination that results in the best match. The latter is the anatomical diagnosis. Eighty-five cases from the literature, each with an impartial expert diagnosis, were analyzed using this Program. The Program precisely matched the expert electromyographers' diagnoses in 79% of the cases, partially matched in 15%, and did not match in 6% of the cases. In the latter, not necessarily the Program was in error. The Program proved to be a reliable diagnostic tool that may help electromyographers by offering a second opinion. It may also assist in teaching of residents and fellows.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
Hepatitis C virus infection and lung transplantation: a survey of practices.
BACKGROUND: Approximately 4 million persons in the United States are chronically infected with hepatitis C and morbidity due to this disease is increasingly observed in transplant recipients. While knowledge of hepatitis C in liver and kidney transplantation is advancing, little information is available concerning hepatitis C and lung transplantation. We surveyed lung transplant programs about policies regarding testing for hepatitis C, transplantation of hepatitis C-infected candidates, and the use of organs from seropositive donors. METHODS: A written questionnaire was sent to all United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) approved lung transplant programs. RESULTS: Fifty-nine of 89 (66%) surveys were returned, including 49 from active programs, capturing 81% of lung transplants performed within UNOS prior to January 1998. All programs screen candidates for hepatitis C. The estimated median seropositivity rate among candidates was 1.9%. Thirty-three of 46 (72%) programs consider seropositive patients for transplantation and most use virologic and/or histologic data to determine candidacy. All donors are screened for hepatitis C. Twenty-six of 47 (55%) programs accept lungs from seropositive donors and many restrict the use of organs from seropositive donors to infected recipients. Few programs routinely test recipients for hepatitis C, and policies for monitoring those with known infection are variable. CONCLUSIONS: Lung transplant candidates and donors are tested routinely for hepatitis C. The majority of programs are willing to accept infected candidates and seropositive donors. Post-transplant follow-up of hepatitis C is variable and prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of hepatitis C on lung transplant recipients.
Disease Transmission, Infectious↗
Report from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors subcommittee on graduate medical education funding: effects of decreased medicare support.
INTRODUCTION: Recent changes by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) have resulted in decreased Medicare support for emergency medicine (EM) residencies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of reduced graduate medical education (GME) funding support on residency size, resident rotations, and support for a fourth postgraduate year (PGY) of training and for residents with previous training. METHODS: A 36-question survey was developed by the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) committee on GME funding and sent to all 122 EM program directors (PDs). Responses were collected by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) office and blinded with respect to the institution. RESULTS: Of 122 programs, 109 (89%) responded, of which 78 were PGY 1-3 programs, 19 were PGY 2-4, and 12 were PGY 1-4. The PDs were asked specifically whether there were changes in program size due to changes in Medicare reimbursement. Although few programs (12%) decreased their size or planned to decrease their size, 39% had discussions regarding decreasing their size. Thirty percent of the PDs responded that other programs at their institution had already decreased their size; 26% of the PDs had problems with financing outside rotations; and 24% had a decrease in off-service residents in their emergency departments (EDs). Only seven (6%) of programs paid residents from practice plan dollars, while most (82%) were fully supported by federal GME funding. Nearly all four-year programs (97%) received full resident salary support from their institutions and 77% of programs accept residents with previous training. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all EM programs are fully supported by their institutions, including the fourth postgraduate year. Most programs take residents with previous training. Although few programs have reduced their size, many are discussing this. Many programs have had difficulty with funding off-service rotations and many have had decreased numbers of off-service residents in their EDs. Recent GME funding changes have had adverse effects on EM residency programs.
Data Collection↗
Quality control for SPECT systems.
A comprehensive set of acceptance tests is the basis for an effective quality control program. Acceptance tests indicate whether the scintillation camera meets published specifications but should also include evaluation of certain parameters not specified by the vendor but that can seriously affect image quality. Once a camera is "accepted," initial quality control tests serve as a benchmark for future measurements. Tomographic systems must be subjected to the same basic quality control program as planar cameras. Flood field images must be acquired and evaluated daily; spatial resolution must be tested once each week. Less frequently, parameters such as multiple-window spatial registration, collimator uniformity, system sensitivity, and camera "dead time" should be evaluated. Single photon emission computed tomographic systems require additional tests to ensure optimum performance. Center-of-rotation calibration and verification of detector registration are needed to avoid losses of spatial resolution. Flood corrections based on high-count images eliminate residual detector nonuniformiaties and correct for subtle collimator defects. Pixel size must be calibrated to avoid errors in attenuation correction and distortion when cardiac and brain reorientation software is used. Completed clinical studies must be checked for unacceptable patient movement and incomplete views. A quality control program may be time-consuming, but, from the standpoint of maximum benefit to patients and confidence in clinical interpretations, there is no alternative.
Artifacts↗
In search of effective programs to address students' emotional distress and behavioral problems part III: student assessment of school-based support groups.
Emotional distress and behavioral problems are common in high schools. This report describes the efficacy of an in-school program based on participation in volunteer-facilitated peer support groups in addressing these problems. Two hundred and fifty students who experienced such problems participated in weekly 50-minute peer support groups led by adult nonmental health professional volunteers. The students anonymously evaluated their progress and program acceptability using an instrument developed specifically to evaluate the group experience. Analysis of the evaluation of the 131 respondents documented the reliability of a proposed Self-Assessment Questionnaire which showed that participation led to improvement in school, interpersonal, and internal domains. The program was highly accepted and showed other signs of success: half of the alcohol and substance users reduced their intake, and 60% of those who considered dropping out of school continued their education. The results provide preliminary evidence that peer support groups show promise as an economical and well-accepted method for early recognition and management of emotional and behavioral problems in high schools. For some adolescents, these groups may be the only acceptable or available therapeutic modality.
Adolescent↗
Use of multisystemic therapy to improve antiretroviral adherence and health outcomes in HIV-infected pediatric patients: evaluation of a pilot program.
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a clinical program that used multisystemic therapy (MST) to improve regimen adherence and health outcomes among children with perinatally acquired HIV who exhibited high viral loads in the absence of viral resistance. MST is an intensive, home-based family therapy previously used for the treatment of serious antisocial behavior. Goals of the study were to assess the feasibility of the MST program and its effectiveness for improving health outcomes among children who were treated. The study was conducted by retrospective chart review. Ninety percent of children and families referred to the program accepted the referral and 95% received a full dose of treatment, suggesting high program feasibility. Nineteen children participated in the program. General HIV knowledge on the part of caregivers improved significantly over the course of treatment. Although caregiver-reported adherence did not change, viral loads were found to significantly decrease from referral to the end of MST treatment, with the mean change reflecting a greater than 1 log10 decrease. The majority of children maintained these improvements during the 3 months after treatment termination. Results suggest that MST holds promise as an intervention for improving health outcomes among pediatric patients with HIV.
Adolescent↗
Effect of a culturally sensitive cholesterol lowering diet program on lipid and lipoproteins, body weight, nutrient intakes, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a culturally sensitive cholesterol lowering diet program on lipid and lipoproteins, body weight, nutrient intakes, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: Seventeen patients with SLE were randomized to a Step 2 diet intervention group or a control group for 12 weeks. The diet intervention was made up of weekly group sessions during the first 6 weeks followed by telephone counseling every 2 weeks for the last 6 weeks. Data on fasting lipid and lipoproteins, body weight, food intake (3 day food record), and QOL were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Program acceptability was assessed in the diet group at 6 weeks. RESULTS: The intervention was found to be highly acceptable and culturally sensitive. The changes in nutrient intakes at 6 and 12 weeks in the diet group were -49% and -33%, respectively, for cholesterol, -44% and -32%, respectively, for percentage calories from fat, and -46% and -32%, respectively, for percentage calories from saturated fat. The corresponding figures in the control group were +22% and -8% for cholesterol, +9% and +6% for percentage calories from fat, and +5% and +7% for percentage calories from saturated fat. The treatment by time interaction was significant for all the dietary variables (p = 0.0003 to 0.02). QOL was reported to improve by 15-17% in the diet group and decrease by 4-6% in the control group, and the treatment by time interaction was significant (p = 0.05). The changes in the physiological variables at 6 and 12 weeks in the diet group were -10% and -6%, respectively, for total cholesterol, -10% and -2%, respectively, for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, -11% and -4%, respectively, for high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, -25% and -34%, respectively, for very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, -8% and -24%, respectively, for triglycerides, and -2% and -5%, respectively, for body weight. The corresponding figures in the control group were -5% and -3% for total cholesterol, -6% and -5% for LDL cholesterol, 0% and +12% for HDL cholesterol, +4% and -8% for VLDL cholesterol, -6% and -15% for triglycerides, and -5% and -6% for body weight. The treatment by time interaction was significant for HDL cholesterol (p = 0.04). A significant reduction was seen in the diet group for total cholesterol at 6 and 12 weeks, LDL and HDL cholesterol at 6 weeks, and body weight at 12 weeks (p = 0.0002 to 0.01). CONCLUSION: This culturally sensitive cholesterol reducing diet program was highly accepted and effective in changing the diet and QOL of patients with SLE. The effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and body weight, however, was modest. A larger randomized study with a longer intervention period is necessary to test the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering diet on lipids and lipoproteins in patients with SLE.
Adult↗
[Global program of smallpox eradication. 1. Smallpox in the world before acceptance of the program of its eradication by the World Health Organization].
Despite a considerable success in control smallpox in a number of countries reached as a result of vaccination the problem of eradication of this infection could not be solved without uniting the efforts of all the countries in the world. Guided by humanity principles the delegation of the USSR suggested in 1958 a program of smallpox eradication in the whole world. World smallpox morbidity is analyzed in this work.
Africa↗
Effective use of the web to expand a summer predoctoral program: the St. Jude experience.
BACKGROUND: Since 1978, the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has oncology education (POE) program for medical and other health professional students to do two-to-four-month clinical and/or basic research rotations in pediatric oncology. Limitations in funding, recruitment capability, and faculty interest held student numbers to 0-18 per year. METHODS: In early 1997, the program announcement and an on-line application were put on the Web site, . An applicant's online submission is delivered immediately to the program director's e-mail inbox, promptly acknowledged via e-mail, transferred to a digital database, and forwarded electronically to prospective institutional preceptors. RESULTS: The program accepted 36 of 61 applicants (56% minority) in 1997. A supplemental funding award enabled expansion of the program to include students preparing for health professions or biomedical sciences careers. In 1999, 75 of 139 applicants were accepted (47% minority) from 39 schools in 18 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Ireland. CONCLUSIONS: Effective use of the Web and e-mail made it possible to inform students effectively about the institution and program, match students with preceptors, increase the number of minority participants, and expand the regional program into a national one.
Advertising↗
Program directors' opinions in regard to Didactic Program in Dietetics graduates' failure to secure placement in Supervised Practice Programs.
This study investigated program directors' perspectives on Didactic Program in Dietetics graduates' inability to secure positions in Supervised Practice Programs. The sample included all 229 program directors listed in the Directory of Dietetics Programs 1997-98. Directors contacted by electronic mail or fax completed a 4-part survey instrument including 3 Likert scale sections exploring the effects of the situation and strategies suggested to lessen them. The fourth part reported current practices. Response rate was 56%. Graduates' failure to secure Supervised Practice Program positions was found to be a significant or somewhat significant problem regardless of program size or affiliation. Strategies to increase the likelihood of Supervised Practice Program acceptance included work experience, application coaching, graduate coursework, and reapplication. We found that program directors have a high level of concern about their graduates' futures and are frustrated by their limited ability to improve the situation. Helping graduates who do not secure Supervised Practice Program assignments identify career options is essential.
Career Choice↗
Patient satisfaction with mental health services: a meta-analysis to establish norms.
Patients typically express high rates of satisfaction with their mental health care. This finding and the lack of well controlled studies on patient satisfaction in the literature underscore the need for meaningful guidelines for clinicians and program evaluators in interpreting patient satisfaction data. To address this problem a meta-analysis was undertaken to establish norms on patient satisfaction for various types of mental health programs. Programs were categorized according to three dimensions: inpatient vs. outpatient vs. residential care; chronic vs. non-chronic; and conventional vs. innovative. Meta-analysis procedures were modified to accommodate the single-group study designs that dominate the literature. The analysis revealed that chronic patients express less satisfaction with their treatment compared to non-chronic patients. Innovative programs are viewed more positively than conventional ones. No differences were found in rates of patient satisfaction between inpatient and outpatient programs. Acceptably reliable norms and confidence intervals of patient satisfaction were established for conventional inpatient programs serving either chronic or non-chronic patients; conventional outpatient programs for non-chronic patients; and for all programs combined according to chronic vs. non-chronic, inpatient vs. outpatient, and conventional vs. innovative. However, data were insufficient to compute norms for other program types. The norms thus established can be used for comparative purposes by program evaluators. A cumulative, national data base on patient satisfaction is recommended to further refine these norms.
Consumer Behavior↗
Applied anthropology and the concept of the underdog: implications for community mental health planning and evaluation.
Medical anthropologists have long been involved in health-program evaluation and have studied factors related to program acceptance in target communities. However, assessing the reasons for the success or failure of a program should not be an end in itself, but should be a process that generates guidelines for the development of similar programs elsewhere and more general suggestions about the appropriate roles that applied anthropologists can fulfill. This paper briefly summarizes the research of an anthropological team who investigated the apparent failure of a respite home facility for retarded children in a suburban neighborhood to generate requisite community support. The team was able to develop a series of recommendations in aid of a plan to establish such centers elsewhere in the county, and in the state of Florida as a whole. However, the paper is more broadly concerned with applied anthropological attempts to define the nature of target or client communities and at delineating the appropriate anthropological perspective on health care delivery transactions. New roles for the anthropologist as evaluator will be considered.
Anthropology, Cultural↗
Academic standards, credit transfers and associated issues.
Various policies govern the way academic standards are managed and maintained. This includes organisational and program accreditation. Who decides what makes a program acceptable from a discipline and educational perspective? Should IMIA be developing accreditation guidelines for external program accreditation? Also the extent to which individual students are able to gain recognition for study undertaken elsewhere and thus reduce the length of the degree program undertaken varies by higher education provider. For example CQU provides credits based on study undertaken at the same level and where the content is similar as well as in line with overall program learning objectives for up to 50% of the total requirements. Internationally there are a number of governmental and not for profit private organisation providing an infrastructure to assist with the identification of legitimate educational certificates/degrees obtained overseas. In addition overseas skills recognition is undertaken by each University. This chapter examines these from a number of different international perspectives.
Accreditation↗