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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Pulmonary emphysema: quantification using computed tomography and correlations with respiratory function tests].

Pulmonary emphysema can be defined in precise anatomical terms. Only histological examination of an entire lung will enable the extension and the severity of the emphysema to be fully assessed. The authors propose a visual score, using computed tomography to quantify emphysema in 61 subjects. 51 had chronic airflow obstruction (BPCO) and were divided into 31 chronic bronchitics (BC) and 20 emphysematous subjects (EP). 10 volunteers who were free of any respiratory pathology were chosen as controls. A visual score for the computed tomography was established for the subjects as a whole. Double reading of the data enabled the reproducibility of the method to be checked in 10 subjects (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). No emphysema was found in the 10 controls, the computed tomography score was appreciably more elevated in the EP subjects than in the BC group at 1.3 and 0.44 respectively (p < 0.001). In the BC, the computed tomographic score was not correlated with the PaO2 (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) and the FEV1 (VEMS) (r = < 0.44, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in the PE group, the score was correlated with the FEV1 (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and the residual volume (r = 0.06, p < 0.05) and the total lung capacity (r = 0.63, p < 0.05) and the TLCO (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and the TLCO/VA (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). The adoption of a visual computed tomographic score enabled the authors to find the correlations between pulmonary emphysema and the most specific tests of respiratory function.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The relevance of chest X-rays and respiratory function tests to the assessment of occupational hazards in asbestos factory workers (author's transl)].

The authors have analyzed the medico-legal records of 70 workers from an asbestos factory, who developed pneumoconiosis, sometimes after prolonged exposure. X-ray films were interpreted (though not without some difficulty) according to the I.L.O. classification criteria. Respiratory function tests included spirometry, gas exchange determination and blood gas measurements. There was a correlation between the duration of occupational exposure and the onset of chest lesions visible on X-ray films (pleural thickening, pulmonary fibrosis and later, pleural calcifications) and a closer correlation between these and the results of the two main respiratory function tests: vital capacity and fractional global and arterio-alveolar CO uptake coefficient (DuaCO). It appeared, however, that lung function impairment sometimes preceded radiological abnormalities, and this should be taken into consideration when assessing the financial compensation due to workers exposed to asbestos.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1993

[Respiratory function tests. Differences between smokers and non-smokers. Effects of withdrawal].

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of spirometric performance in a group of smokers and to carry out a prospective study of the changes in ventilatory lung function after smoking withdrawal. The ventilatory lung function was studied in 90 smokers and 30 non-smokers. Afterwards the smokers were included in smoking withdrawal program. One year later, the ventilatory function tests were repeated in those individuals who were able to stop smoking. Respiratory function tests were likewise repeated in 10 subjects chosen randomly among those who were not able to stop smoking. The initial study of the ventilatory lung function showed that smokers had significantly lower values of FVC (p < 0.001), FEV1 (p < 0.001), FEVC1/FVC (p < 0.001), FEF25-75 (p < 0.01 and PEF (p < 0.01) compared to non-smokers. Likewise smokers also had a statistically significant higher prevalence rate of obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). Ventilatory function studies performed one year after smoking withdrawal on those who were able to stop smoking showed a significant improvement of respiratory function parameters compared to studies done one year before. There was also a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of obstructive pulmonary disease. No differences were observed in the ventilatory function tests performed on the ten subjects who did not stop smoking. From these data we suggest that tobacco consumption produces obstruction of the airways that can be reverted, at least in part, after smoking withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A collaborative study of infant respiratory function testing.

The aims of this study were to compare inter-observer variability within and between two specialized infant lung function testing centres and to develop a strategy for performing and analysing infant respiratory function tests to facilitate future collaborative trials. A protocol for data collection and analysis was developed using similar equipment and identical software. All raw data were exchanged on disk and analysed, blind to infant status. All data were cross-analysed by both centres to assess inter-observer variability. Outcome measures were functional residual capacity (FRCpleth), airway resistance (Raw) and maximal expiratory flow at FRC (V'max,FRC). Subjects were recruited from the multicentre UK extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) Trial and measured at around 1 yr of age. Forty-two infants attended the Institute of Child Health, London and 36 attended the Leicester Royal Infirmary. The proportion of infants treated with ECMO or conventional management at each centre was similar. There were no significant differences between any of the outcome measures for infants tested at either centre. During a cross-analysis, the agreement between the two centres, within infant, was closer for V'max,FRC and FRCpleth (within 10%) than for the more variable measurements of Raw (within 20%). A collaborative approach to trials with infant respiratory function as an outcome measure appears feasible, providing that close attention is paid to study design, and participants in such trials maintain a standard approach to data collection and analysis.

Airway Resistance↗