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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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PubMed1995

Sexual behavior problems and psychopathology symptoms in sexually abused girls.

OBJECTIVE: This study contrasted a group of sexually abused girls, aged 6 to 12 years, with two demographically comparable control groups, girls from a child psychiatry outpatient department, and girls from a general pediatric clinic to determine whether differences in sexual behavior and psychopathology symptoms could be demonstrated. METHOD: All girls and their mothers underwent an evaluation protocol composed of two parent-report inventories, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory. RESULTS: Sexually abused girls and psychiatric controls manifested more psychopathology symptoms, including internalizing and externalizing behaviors, than the nonpsychiatric controls. Relative to both control groups, sexually abused girls manifested more sexual behavior problems: masturbating openly and excessively, exposing their genitals, indiscriminately hugging and kissing strange adults and children, and attempting to insert objects into their genitals. Abuse by fathers or stepfathers involving intercourse was associated with particularly marked sexual behavior disturbances. There was a subgroup of sexually abused girls who tended to force sexual activities on siblings and peers. All of these girls had experienced prolonged sexual abuse (more than 2 years) involving physical force which was perpetrated by a parent. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that sexual abuse in preadolescent girls is associated with sexual behavior problems.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Adolescent problem behaviors as predictors of adult alcohol diagnoses.

Young adult alcohol problems based on DIS/DSM III diagnoses were predicted from a number of adolescent risky/antisocial behaviors in a sample of 693 subjects. The number of times an individual was intoxicated before his/her sixteenth birthday was the best indicator of adult alcohol "abuse" and /or dependence, with adolescent fighting, arrests, and lack of participation in religious activities also serving as important problem behavior predictors. Results of correlational and principal-components analyses of adolescent problem behaviors are similar to previous work on Problem Behavior Theory. The results suggest that prevention efforts should begin before adolescence, prior to the time when individuals are exposed to, or begin practicing, adult health-threatening activities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Validity of case manager reports of clients' functioning in the community: independent living, income, employment, family contact, and problem behaviors.

Validity of case manager reports of client functioning in the community was assessed by examining the correspondence between case manager reports and client reports of several widely-used indicators of client well-being, including independent living, income, employment, family contact, and problem behaviors. Effects of how well case managers knew their clients and of using telephone interviews vs. self-administered questionnaires to gather case manager data were also investigated. Data were gathered from 6 case managers and 55 of their seriously mentally ill clients in a rural Wisconsin Community Support Program. Indicators of independent living and employment displayed reasonably good agreement and support the use of case manager reports in research. Indicators of income and problem behaviors produced lower levels of client-case manager agreement at least in part because client reports proved an inadequate criterion for these measures.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Studying the dynamics of problem behavior across multiple time scales: prospects and challenges.

As a commentary on the Special Issue, this paper discusses recent advances in the study of change across several time scales. It points out the importance of specifying time scales and putative patterns of change when characterizing problem behavior over developmental time scales. Methods for studying risk and protective mechanisms through observation of social interaction are also discussed as a way to study influences that operate in real time. Methods for studying episode-level interaction patterns that result from such real-time influences are also discussed, along with ways to integrate these with longitudinal assessments to study the effects of social interaction on problem behavior across developmental time scales.

Behavioral Research↗

PubMed2002

Multidimensional latent-construct analysis of children's social information processing patterns: correlations with aggressive behavior problems.

Social information processing (SIP) patterns were conceptualized in orthogonal domains of process and context and measured through responses to hypothetical vignettes in a stratified sample of 387 children (50% boys; 49% minority) from 4 geographical sites followed from kindergarten through 3rd grade. Multidimensional, latent-construct, confirmatory factor analyses supported the within-construct internal consistency, cross-construct discrimination, and multidimensionality of SIP patterns. Contrasts among nested structural equation models indicated that SIP constructs significantly predicted children's aggressive behavior problems as measured by later teacher reports. The findings support the multidimensional construct validity of children's social cognitive patterns and the relevance of SIP patterns in children's aggressive behavior problems.

Aggression↗

PubMed1998

Mild closed-head injury in children and adolescents: behavior problems and academic outcomes.

The issue of whether mild head injuries (HIs) in children cause behavior problems and poor scholastic performance is controversial. This study included 119 children (range = 8-16 years old) with HI, 114 with other injuries, and 106 with no injury (NI). Behavioral functioning was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist; academic functioning, with school grades and standardized testing. Higher T scores were found for both injury groups versus NI participants on preinjury behavioral status. All 3 groups' behavioral scores decreased relative to baseline at 1 year. HI and NI groups did not differ in school grades or achievement testing either pre- or postinjury. These results are consistent with the conclusion that head injury of the mildest type does not increase the probability of new overt behavioral or academic problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

When interventions harm. Peer groups and problem behavior.

This article explored developmental and intervention evidence relevant to iatrogenic effects in peer-group interventions. Longitudinal research revealed that "deviancy training" within adolescent friendships predicts increases in delinquency, substance use, violence, and adult maladjustment. Moreover, findings from 2 experimentally controlled intervention studies suggested that peer-group interventions increase adolescent problem behavior and negative life outcomes in adulthood, compared with control youth. The data from both experimental studies suggested that high-risk youth are particularly vulnerable to peer aggregations, compared with low-risk youth. We proposed that peer aggregation during early adolescence, under some circumstances, inadvertently reinforces problem behavior. Two developmental processes are discussed that might account for the powerful iatrogenic effects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Nocturnal enuresis and behavioral problems in adolescence: a 15-year longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationships between nocturnal enuresis in childhood and measures of behavioral adjustment in adolescence using data collected during the course of a 15-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children. METHOD: Data was collected on patterns of nocturnal bladder control at annual intervals to the age of 13 years. At ages 11, 13, and 15 years measures of conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and anxiety/withdrawal were gathered. RESULTS: The analysis showed that children who were bed-wetting after the age of 10 years as a result of either primary or secondary enuresis had increased rates of behavioral problems up to the age of 15 years with these children having mean behavior scores that were between .30 to .65 standard deviations higher than children who ceased bed-wetting before the age of 5 years. Regression analysis indicated that these associations were largely spurious and arose because the age of cessation of bedwetting was correlated with a series of factors (gender, social maturity, childhood IQ, family social background, family stress, and parental conflict) that were also associated with increased rates of adolescent behavior problems. However, even after adjusting for these factors, children who were bed-wetting after the age of 10 years showed slight increases in rates of conduct problems and attention deficit behaviors up to the age of 13 years and increases rates of anxiety/withdrawal up to the age of 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that bed-wetting after the age of 10 years is associated with small but detectable increases in risks of conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and anxiety/withdrawal in early adolescence. These results show that although it is not the case that children showing nocturnal enuresis are at markedly increased risks of serious psychiatric problems, it may be prudent to determine the extent to which children who are bed-wetting after the age of 10 years show increases in anxious or problem behaviors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

Behavior problems of young girls with fragile X syndrome: factor scores on the Conners' Parent's Questionnaire.

Mothers of 60 girls with fragile X [fra(X)] and 58 controls were asked to fill out the Conners' Parent's Questionnaire to determine if this commonly used checklist would detect behavior problems in young girls with fra(X). The mean T-scores were significantly different between the 2 groups of girls on 5 of the 6 factors on the Conners' Parent's Questionnaire and the girls with fra(X) had mean T-scores that were above the average range on both the Anxiety factor and the Hyperactivity Index factor. Significantly more girls had T-scores greater than 70 (> 98th centile) on 3 of the 6 factors. Twenty-three percent of the girls had T-scores greater than 70 on the Anxiety factor and 38% of the girls had T-scores greater than 70 on the Hyperactivity Index factor. This study suggests that some behavior problems will be reported frequently in young girls with fra(X) and should not be difficult for clinicians to detect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Predicting alcohol and drug use in early adulthood: the role of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in early adolescence.

Unique and interactive internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescence were examined in relationship to drug and alcohol use in young adulthood. Results indicated that higher externalizing scores in adolescence predicted more alcohol use in young adulthood for both males and females and also predicted more marijuana and hard drug use for males. Lower internalizing scores were found to predict more marijuana and hard drug use in young adulthood for boys, but not for girls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Treatment of sleep apnea syndrome in a Down syndrome patient with behavioral problems by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: a successful case report].

The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is increasingly accepted as a treatment of respiratory problems in patients with neuromuscular disease. However, its use in mentally retarded and un-cooperative patients has not been reported. We report here the evaluation and treatment of sleep apnea in a Down syndrome patient. After recovering from a life threatening respiratory failure the patient had persistent sleep apnea syndrome. Limited examinations disclosed that he had two types of apnea; obstructive and central type apnea. Our treatment was a diet with intake restricted up to 1,000 kcal per day for the obstructive apnea, and NPPV with low dosage of oxygen for the obstructive and central apnea. With these treatments in one year's hospitalization, his quality of life was significantly improved. He has continued the treatment in the outpatient department and enjoys a better quality of life both at home and in the community. The successful treatment of this case may become an example of the more extensive use of NPPV for such respiratory problems in handicapped children and adults with behavioral problems.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

The Turner syndrome: cognitive deficits, affective discrimination, and behavior problems.

Individuals with sex chromosomal anomalies are known to be at increased risk for learning problems and in some cases social or behavioral problems. Girls with an absent or structurally abnormal second sex chromosome (the Turner syndrome) have been found to have cognitive problem solving deficits and immature, inadequate social relationships. The present study attempted to link cognitive and social problems by assessing the girls' ability to process affective cues. 17 girls with karyotypes consistent with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome were compared to a group of 16 short-stature girls of comparable age, verbal intelligence scores, height, and family socioeconomic status on the Affective Discrimination Task, which required interpretation of affective intention from facial expression. The results revealed that the Turner syndrome girls were less accurate at inferring facial affect than the short-stature controls. Analyses revealed that the Turner syndrome girls performed more poorly on spatial, attentional, and short-term memory cognitive tasks and had more psychosocial problems than the short-stature controls. Ability to discriminate facial affect may be another area of cognitive weakness for girls with the Turner syndrome and may underlie the psychosocial problems found in this sample.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Prediction of change in level of problem behavior among children of bipolar parents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of familial loading, birth weight, and family problems on change in parent-reported problems across a 14-month period among children of bipolar parents. METHOD: Emotional and behavioral problems in a sample of 140 offspring of bipolar parents and familial loading in first- and second-degree relatives were assessed at two measurements. Parents reported the birth weight of their offspring and completed a questionnaire on family problems. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations of the three predictors with change in problem scores at follow-up. RESULTS: Familial loading of unipolar disorder was a unique predictor for an increase in problem scores from the first to the second measurement with beta-coefficients ranging from 0.17 to 0.25. Birth weight and family problems were not associated with change in problem scores across the two measurements. CONCLUSION: Familial loading of unipolar disorder predicted an increase in behavioral and emotional problems across the 14-month follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Behavioral problems of farmed ostriches in Canada.

Ostriches farmed in Canada often have particular behavioral problems that are brought about by periods of extreme confinement during winter months. Although they still perform normal species specific behaviors such as twirling, kanteling, and kicking, abnormal behaviors become prominent when excessively confined. They include for all age groups of ostriches, feather-picking, behavioral stargazing, dietary indiscretion, pica, anorexia and adipsia, and aggression. These abnormal behaviors initiated by inadequate husbandry techniques, eventually become medical problems because of their severity.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Development of an Instrument to Assess Problem Behavior in First Grade Students Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine. Part II: Validation.

In Part I, the initial development of a preliminary tool, the PROBS-14, was reported. The tool was developed and initially tested through a consensus process that tapped the perceptions of early education teachers. Concurrent validity between the PROBS-14 and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) was established with factor analysis, yielding a hyperactivity-conduct factor, composed of PROBS items and all but two of the CTRS subscales, and a central processing factor, composed of PROBS items and the remaining CTRS scales. The purpose of Part II was to further establish concurrent validity of the PROBS-14 with known pediatric behavior measures (TRF, CTRS) and to ascertain if the PROBS-14 better predicts a cocaine behavioral effect. A sample of 468 African American children with known cocaine exposure (n = 200) and control status (n = 268) were evaluated. Factor analyses produced results similar to those reported in Part I, with PROBS items accounting for problem behavior variance beyond that accounted for by the TRF, and more specific than that accounted for by the CTRS. Additionally, children prenatally exposed to cocaine, particularly those exposed late in pregnancy, differed significantly from controls on the PROBS total, central processing scale, and several PROBS items. The PROBS instrument offers a promising brief measure of child problem behaviors with adequate concurrent and predictive validity, and which outperforms the TRF and CTRS in discriminating prenatal cocaine exposure status.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Weight Concerns, Problem Eating Behaviors, and Problem Drinking Behaviors in Female Collegiate Athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare eating behaviors and alcohol drinking habits between 2 groups of female college students: varsity athletes and controls (nonathletes). DESIGN AND SETTING: We obtained descriptive data using an anonymous, self-report survey instrument. The instrument assessed eating habits and behaviors as well as alcohol consumption and drinking behaviors. SUBJECTS: One hundred forty-nine female varsity athletes and 209 female controls (nonathletes) from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected included weight and desired weight, meal patterns, methods of gaining or losing weight, details of past or current eating problem, 2-week alcohol consumption quantity and frequency (binge drinking), and problem alcohol behaviors. We used chi-square analysis for nominal data and t tests and multivariate analysis of variance for interval data. RESULTS: Compared with athletes, nonathletes ate fewer meals, and more of them reported feeling that they were too heavy and lied about their weight-control practices. Neither group reported high rates of pathologic behaviors such as vomiting. Nearly 18% of athletes and 26% of controls reported a past or current eating disorder. Athletes did not differ from controls in reported 2-week alcohol consumption, including binge drinking (nearly 50% of both groups). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported problem drinking and eating behaviors exist in both athletes and controls but not at different rates. This finding may be a result of coach, athletic trainer, and peer-group counseling at these 2 schools or a general trend for lower rates of unhealthy behaviors among female athletes.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1989

The impact of the "I'm Special" Program on student substance abuse and other related student problem behavior.

There has been a proliferation of school-based substance abuse prevention programs geared toward reducing or delaying the onset of student use of illegal drugs. But the field has shown a general absence of evaluation dealing with the behavior consequences of these practices. This article fills this gap by using the case of the "I'm Special" Program (ISP) targeted for fourth grade students. Using a quasi-experimental design, a comparison is made between the substance using and other problem behavior of students who have been exposed to the ISP and those who have not during their later school years in grades 5 through 12. At the aggregate level, the proportions of current substance users and the incidence of their related problem behavior were significantly lower among the ISP graduates than those who have not been exposed to the program. In particular, there were consistently lower proportions of current substance users among the ISP recipients than the non-recipients in grades 5-7. However, the impact of the ISP seems to diminish significantly in and around ninth grade. During the senior high level, the pattern revealed is almost random. And, in some drug categories, it has been speculated that the ISP students were trying to "catch up" with what they may have missed out on during earlier grade levels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Using antecedent manipulations to distinguish between task and social variables associated with problem behaviors exhibited by children of typical development.

In the antecedent functional assessment literature, researchers have introduced task demands and social attention simultaneously while varying the level of task difficulty. Though research has demonstrated situations in which a combination of social and task antecedents occasion socially avoidant responses from children with disabilities, no current studies have been offered to assess the impact of high levels of adult attention devoid of task demands on problem behaviors exhibited by children of typical development. A multiple element design was used to assess the specific effects of task and social antecedents on the problem behaviors of four children of typical development. Results identified two children whose behavior was associated with a combination of difficult task demands and attention in the form of commands and redirections and two children whose behavior was associated only with high levels of adult attention that did not include commands or redirections. These results suggest that antecedent functional assessment procedures can assess the impact of high levels of attention without the presence of task demands.

Adult↗