Choosing an accident and emergency department computer system.
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Computer Systems↗
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Results for “Software Design”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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The impact of visual layout factors on performance in Web pages: a cross-language study.
Visual layout has a strong impact on performance and is a critical factor in the design of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and Web pages. Many design guidelines employed in Web page design were inherited from human performance literature and GUI design studies and practices. However, few studies have investigated the more specific patterns of performance with Web pages that may reflect some differences between Web page and GUI design. We investigated interactions among four visual layout factors in Web page design (quantity of links, alignment, grouping indications, and density) in two experiments: one with pages in Hebrew, entailing right-to-left reading, and the other with English pages, entailing left-to-right reading. Some performance patterns (measured by search times and eye movements) were similar between languages. Performance was particularly poor in pages with many links and variable densities, but it improved with the presence of uniform density. Alignment was not shown to be a performance-enhancing factor. The findings are discussed in terms of the similarities and differences in the impact of layout factors between GUIs and Web pages. Actual or potential applications of this research include specific guidelines for Web page design.
Attitude to Computers↗
Robotic automation of Xenopus oocyte bath perfusion.
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Animals↗
A review of software for data management, design and analysis of clinical trials.
In clinical trials, subjects are usually entered one at a time, and their responses to treatment monitored sequentially. Regular monitoring of trial progress in the early stages is crucial for accurate reporting of the final results. This paper discusses in detail the principles of quality data management in clinical trials, with specific reference to three clinical data management systems namely, CLINTRIAL, ORACLE CLINICAL and MACRO. All three systems have the essential features for monitoring and processing quality clinical trials data. In terms of functionality, there appears to be no significant advantage of one system over the other. However, to reap the full benefits of sophisticated systems such as these, a good support network and comprehensive training programmes are essential since their day-to-day use demands a high level of technical competence. Basic considerations pertinent to the success of a clinical trial involve not only logistics and data management. Issues relating to the study design are also of primary concern. In this respect, we briefly describe some sample size packages, NQUERY, PEST, POWER, POWER AND PRECISION and SAMPSIZE. Finally, a brief comparison is made with regards to some distinct features of three commonly used statistical packages, namely SPSS, SAS and STATA.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[The development of electronic cold and heart therapeutical instrument].
This paper introduces a kind of the rapeutical instrument with ecletctronic cold and heat. It make use of the technology of semiconductor refrigeratio. It have many probe. It apply to different focus treatment. The instrument have achieved cold and heat treatment and accurate temperature mesure and control for human body tissue trauma.
Cryotherapy↗
[The development of intelligent multi-function instrument of treatment and rehabilitation for disablement of limb].
Intelligent multi-function limb treatment and rehabilitation instrument based on IBM-PC is introduced in this paper. It is mainly used for treatment and rehabilitation in the disablement of limb. The range speed and training time can be controlled and monitored. The instrument has the advantages of high reliability, easy operation and compact structure. It is a new kind of intelligent limb rehabilitation instrument.
Computers↗
[The development of an automatic dialyser reuse device by microcomputer].
This article introduces the principles, composition and main functions of an automatic dialyser reuse device by microcomputer. It Ras more practical uses, better reliability, easier operations and greater effect than previous ones, and it's an ideal dialyser ruse device.
Dialysis↗
Principles and methods of docking and ligand design.
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Binding Sites↗
Exploratory design and evaluation of a user interface for virtual reality exposure therapy.
Virtual reality exposure therapy is slowly becoming a viable option for therapists. For virtual reality systems to be used in the daily practice of therapists, their usability needs to be taken into consideration. This paper describes the current state-of-the-art in interfaces for these systems, and describes several proposals for improving the design of these systems. An exploratory evaluation is performed to assess the merits of aspects of the proposed user interface.
Computer Simulation↗
Less is more. Too many frivolous pop-up alerts discourage docs from e-prescribing: article.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[A wireless mobile monitoring system based on bluetooth technology].
This paper presents a wireless mobile monitoring system based on Bluetooth technology. This system realizes the remote mobile monitoring of multiple physiological parameters, and has the characters of easy use, low cost, good reliability and strong capability of anti-jamming.
Equipment Design↗
Present state and future trends in electrical heart stimulation.
Examples of electrical heart stimulation techniques are presented to illustrate for the physician and biomedical engineer the technical feasibility of realizing many therapeutic concepts by means of microelectronics. Because of the life-supporting applications, extremely high system reliabilty must be guaranteed. The usual methods of enhancing safety by providing redundancy cannot be used, and the service life requirements can be met only by appropriate adaptation of the current consumption due to the limited battery capacity. Based on the practical experience gained in the manufacture of more than 100,000 implantable devices, it can be reported that by rigid application of, and adherence to, quality assurance measures reliability values can be achieved of lambda = 10(-7)h-1 at a confidence level of 90% for the hybrid components and of lambda = 10(-9)h-1 for integrated circuits and passive components. The requirement for technical reliability of the implantable device for patient safety requires a thorough understanding of all technical and medical details of the therapeutic device. The success of future developments (e.g. the automatically-controlled systems which are meant to substitute for the multiprogrammable pacemakers) will not only require utilization of currently available technologies but also will depend to a great extent on active participation of the physicians in the development process itself.
Cardiography, Impedance↗
Metaparadigm: a soft systemic MIS design approach.
The aim of this paper is to introduce the soft systemic approach to medical information system design, called metaparadigm. The metaparadigm is a metadesign paradigm. Using it we first design an IS design paradigm and it is our deep belief that metaparadigms employment can enhance many conventional IS design weaknesses and result in successful information system design and use. In the paper we show the applicability of the metaparadigm in MIS design and introduce a new personal MIS design paradigm.
Information Systems↗
SORTEZ: a relational translator for NCBI's ASN.1 database.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has created a database collection that includes several protein and nucleic acid sequence databases, a biosequence-specific subset of MEDLINE, as well as value-added information such as links between similar sequences. Information in the NCBI database is modeled in Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) an Open Systems Interconnection protocol designed for the purpose of exchanging structured data between software applications rather than as a data model for database systems. While the NCBI database is distributed with an easy-to-use information retrieval system, ENTREZ, the ASN.1 data model currently lacks an ad hoc query language for general-purpose data access. For that reason, we have developed a software package, SORTEZ, that transforms the ASN.1 database (or other databases with nested data structures) to a relational data model and subsequently to a relational database management system (Sybase) where information can be accessed through the relational query language, SQL. Because the need to transform data from one data model and schema to another arises naturally in several important contexts, including efficient execution of specific applications, access to multiple databases and adaptation to database evolution this work also serves as a practical study of the issues involved in the various stages of database transformation. We show that transformation from the ASN.1 data model to a relational data model can be largely automated, but that schema transformation and data conversion require considerable domain expertise and would greatly benefit from additional support tools.
Algorithms↗
Design of an integral computer-based wheelchair controller/linear synchronous motor system.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of designing computer-based motor controllers together with innovative motors, such that maximum controller/motor system benefits are obtained. Specifically, this paper describes how a computer-based controller/drive system for powered wheelchairs has been designed and is being built and tested. This type of integral controller/drive system has been possible to build into a wheelchair only with the advent of the microprocessor-based feedback motor controller. The type of motor chosen for this project was a linear synchronous motor (LSM), which is highly efficient (90%+) and could easily be made an integral part of a wheelchair wheel, providing a "no-moving-parts" drive system. However, an LSM cannot be variable-speed-controlled without knowledge of, and controlled adjustment to, the absolute rotor versus stator position at each point in time. Microprocessor-based feedback motor controllers make precise, efficient control of LSMs possible at a reasonable cost. In addition, this combination of controller and motor provides a very flexible wheelchair control/drive system that may be easily programmed to suit the needs and necessities of the wide variety of over 200,000 persons now using powered wheelchairs.
Algorithms↗
A speech-controlled environmental control system for people with severe dysarthria.
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) can provide a rapid means of controlling electronic assistive technology. Off-the-shelf ASR systems function poorly for users with severe dysarthria because of the increased variability of their articulations. We have developed a limited vocabulary speaker dependent speech recognition application which has greater tolerance to variability of speech, coupled with a computerised training package which assists dysarthric speakers to improve the consistency of their vocalisations and provides more data for recogniser training. These applications, and their implementation as the interface for a speech-controlled environmental control system (ECS), are described. The results of field trials to evaluate the training program and the speech-controlled ECS are presented. The user-training phase increased the recognition rate from 88.5% to 95.4% (p<0.001). Recognition rates were good for people with even the most severe dysarthria in everyday usage in the home (mean word recognition rate 86.9%). Speech-controlled ECS were less accurate (mean task completion accuracy 78.6% versus 94.8%) but were faster to use than switch-scanning systems, even taking into account the need to repeat unsuccessful operations (mean task completion time 7.7s versus 16.9s, p<0.001). It is concluded that a speech-controlled ECS is a viable alternative to switch-scanning systems for some people with severe dysarthria and would lead, in many cases, to more efficient control of the home.
Algorithms↗
Molecular quantum similarity measures tuned 3D QSAR: an antitumoral family validation study.
In this work, a new methodology to construct a tuned QSAR model is presented, which is based on a convex set formalism. The present procedure continues previous 3D QSAR studies, performed using molecular quantum similarity measures (MQSM). With this new computational tool, the efficiency of MQSM applied to QSAR analysis is significantly improved. A reliable QSAR model is obtained using convex linear combinations of different kinds of MQSM, corresponding to different quantum-mechanical operators related to the quantum similarity integral. The active compounds studied here, as a case study, are a set of antitumor agents, the camptothecin molecule and analogues, and the property evaluated is the topoisomerase-I inhibition activity. Before performing a tuned QSAR analysis with this particular molecular set, a simple QSAR study for all the different possible types of MQSM is carried out. In addition, another application of MQSM is presented, to determine which method can be used to optimize molecular structures in order to reproduce experimental molecular geometries as well as possible.
Animals↗
Controlled freezing of nonideal solutions with application to cryosurgical processes.
Success of a cryosurgical procedure, i.e., maximal cell destruction, requires that the cooling rate be controlled during the freezing process. Standard cryosurgical devices are not usually designed to perform the required controlled process. In this study, a new cryosurgical device was developed which facilitates the achievement of a specified cooling rate during freezing by accurately controlling the probe temperature variation with time. The new device has been experimentally tested by applying it to an aqueous solution of mashed potatoes. The temperature field in the freezing medium, whose thermal properties are similar to those of biological tissue, was measured. The cryoprobe temperature was controlled according to a desired time varying profile which was assumed to maximize necrosis. The tracking accuracy and the stability of the closed loop control system were investigated. It was found that for most of the time the tracking accuracy was excellent and the error between the measured probe temperature and the desired set point is within +/- 0.4 degrees C. However, noticeable deviations from the set point occurred due to the supercooling phenomenon or due to the instability of the liquid nitrogen boiling regime in the cryoprobe. The experimental results were compared to those obtained by a finite elements program and very good agreement was obtained. The deviation between the two data sets seems to be mainly due to errors in positioning of the thermocouple junctions in the medium.
Analog-Digital Conversion↗