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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Notes on the determination and the occurrence of some reproductive derangements in a group of Friesland cows.

Cyclic activity and palpable features of the bovine genitalia were recorded by means of observation and a prolonged series of follow-up palpations. Various uncommon features concerning follicular development, oestrus performance, ovulation and the corpus luteum are described together with observations on the cystic enlargement of follicles and corpora lutea. Cases are reported of ovarian haemorrhage at oestrus and cystic enlargement of the endometrium.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A monogamous system of breeding chimpanzees in a controlled environment.

The management and reproductive performance of a chimpanzee colony is discussed. Short-term monogamous breedings, arranged at the estimated time of ovulation, as determined by the cyclical changes in sex skin tumescence and by a new immunological test for the preovulatory peak in urinary LH excretion, are planned according to blood group and social compatibility. Progress of gestation is monitored weekly by the "NICHD subhuman primate pregnancy test" and by prenatal clinical examinations in the last trimester. Fertility of individual animals, and of the colony as a whole, is reflected in the number of cycles of breeding required for conception. The indoor system of single caging of adults and the special system of animal waste collection offers the ability to completely control and manipulate the animals for efficient breeding, for clinical health care, and for implementation of scientific protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The contraceptive effects of levonorgestrel in the domestic cat.

The effects of subdermal implantation of levonorgestrel (LNG) on reproduction were studied in domestic cats (Felis domestica). Levonorgestrel was administered via a slow-release subdermal silastic implant to 10 queens. The implants contained 16 mg of LNG and were designed to release 60 micrograms of the drug daily. Each treated queen received one implant. Five queens (control, group 1) received subdermal silastic implants containing no drug. Changes in body weight, mammary gland structure (determined by palpation), serum blood glucose concentrations, and reproductive factors (occurrence of estrous cycles, serum progesterone concentrations, and pregnancy) were monitored for 1 year. Four treated queens (treatment/recovery, group 2) were used to investigate reproductive function following 12 months of LNG treatment. To assess effects of treatment on macroscopic and microscopic anatomic features of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, the remaining six cats (treatment/histology, group 3) were studied. Hemiovariohysterectomy was performed in two queens each at 0, 2, and 6 months of the study. Later, the remainder of the reproductive tract was harvested at necropsy (two after 2 months of treatment, two after 6 months, two after 12 months) to assess change in individual queens. Nonreproductive tissues were also examined at necropsy to determine effects of LNG in these six queens. All queens retained the implants during the period of study without detectable discomfort. Estrus was suppressed and no pregnancies were recorded in the four LNG-treated cats that were housed with a male. Treatment with LNG had no effect on body weight, physical mammary gland structure, or serum blood glucose concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Measurements of faecal oestradiol and progesterone in non-pregnant and pregnant domestic and exotic cats.

Faecal samples collected for variable periods from 12 animals and five species of cats were assayed for progesterone and oestradiol content by application of standard radioimmunoassays to aliquots (50 microliters) of methanol extracts (4 ml) of a mixture of 0.5 g sample, 0.5 ml water and 1 g aluminium oxide, following partitioning of the total extract with petroleum ether (3 ml), further dilution of assay aliquots and drying. Recoveries averaged 100 and 72% for oestradiol and progesterone, respectively. Results included increases in progesterone during luteal phases or pregnancies to 7688 ng g-1 (tiger, Panthera tigris), 2594 ng g-1 (lion, P. leo), 3000 ng g-1 (cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus) and 4915 ng g-1 (caracal, Felis caracal). Faecal oestradiol peaks near oestrus included 246 ng g-1 (tiger), 175 ng g-1 (lion) 190 ng g-1 (cheetah), 23 ng g-1 (caracal) and 190 ng g-1 (domestic cat, F. catus).

Acinonyx↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of induction of oestrus in dogs using metergoline, metergoline plus human chorionic gonadotrophin, or pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin.

Twenty beagle bitches were treated with metergoline (groups I and II), ten with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG; group III) and ten served as an untreated control group. Metergoline (12.5 mg per bitch) was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) every 3 days, starting between days 78 and 161 after the previous pro-oestrus. In 18 of the metergoline-treated bitches the interpro-oestrous interval (144 +/- 29 days) was significantly shorter (P < 0.01) than that of the control group (206.7 +/- 29.7 days). Of these 18 responder bitches, ten had not received human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) whereas eight had received 500 iu hCG i.m. in late pro-oestrus (group II). The durations of pro-oestrus and oestrus of the ten responding bitches not given hCG (6.8 +/- 5.5 and 11.7 +/- 4.5 days, respectively) did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of the control group (7.8 +/- 3.6 and 11.2 +/- 3.2 days). All ten bitches ovulated and nine became pregnant. Two of eight bitches responding to metergoline in group II exhibited a prolonged pro-oestrus after injection of hCG. In the remaining six bitches, the average duration of pro-oestrus and oestrus was 4.8 +/- 1.7 and 6.5 +/- 2.8 days, respectively, which was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than in bitches not given hCG. The incidences of ovulation (6/8) and gestation (4/8) were lower than in bitches that received metergoline alone, or in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Influence of vulvar hygiene on cytology of vaginal smears after sham artificial insemination in sows.

The description of vaginal cytology in the sow in relation to artificial insemination (AI) has never been reported. Poor vulvar hygiene is frequently imputed as a cause for the development of endometritis after AI and could thus enhance the inflammatory response of the genital tract. The goal of this study was to use cytology as an objective tool to evaluate the vulvar hygiene during sham AI. Sixty-eight sows were matched according to their parity and week of mating and divided into 2 groups: treatment sows (CVS) had their vulva cleaned with a 1:2000 Hibitane solution and control sows (SVS) had theirs soiled with feces. Both groups of sows were inseminated twice with saline following this vulvar treatment, once at detection of estrus and a 2nd time 24 hours later. Vestibular smears were taken before each AI, and vaginal smears were taken after each AI from the material present on the insemination spirette. Cytological smears were described by the predominant type of cells, namely epithelial, neutrophil, or no predominance. Results showed no significant differences between the 2 groups and no evolution in the predominance of neutrophils from the 1st to the 2nd AI (P > 0.05). The pooled results from the 2 groups showed an increase in cellularity from the 1st to the 2nd AI (P > 0.05). Neither the cellularity nor predominant cell type in vestibular or vaginal smears from estrus sows are predictors of vulvar hygiene during sham AI (P > 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acceleration and timing of fertile ovulation in cyclic mares with a deslorelin implant.

In a blinded trial, the effectiveness and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analog deslorelin acetate, administered in a short-term implant (STI) to normally cycling mares in estrus with a dominant ovarian follicle of 30 mm in diameter or larger, were evaluated, using a placebo implant as a negative control. A total of 39 mares received treatments at admittance with pre-randomized implants containing either 2.2 mg or 0 mg deslorelin. Mares were teased daily and examined rectally with ultrasound at 24 h intervals to determine time to ovulation and duration of estrus. The number of breedings and the pregnancy rate at 18 (+/- 3) and 38 (+/- 3) days were recorded, as were systemic side effects and local reactions at the implantation sites. Pregnancies resulting from breedings during the treatment estrus and/or from breedings during the next estrus were followed and the early and late pregnancy loss rate, the number of pregnancies going to term and of live-born foals was recorded. Mean follicle diameter at treatment was not significantly different between the deslorelin and placebo treatment group with 41.6 mm and 40.8 mm, respectively. Treatment with deslorelin STI reduced the time interval to ovulation significantly from 69.5 +/- 25.48 h to 42.7 +/- 12.35 h (p < 0.001). The percentage of mares having ovulated within 48 h rose from 26.3% to 95.0%, respectively, for placebo and deslorelin STI (p < 0.001). As a consequence, the duration of estrus in days and the percent of animals requiring more than 1 breeding were significantly reduced in deslorelin treated animals from 5.4 days to 4.6 days, and from 55.6% to 5.0%, respectively (p = 0.009 and = 0.001). The percent of mares pregnant from breedings at the treatment estrus (65.0% versus 44.4%) or the next estrus (83.3% versus 92.3%) was satisfactory and similar for deslorelin and placebo treated mares (p > 0.005), and in 70.0% and 66.7% of these once or twice bred mares did pregnancies go to term and live foals were born.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[A quick and inexpensive staining method for vaginal smears].

Vaginal cytology is a commonly used method for diagnosis of sexual cycle phases in the rat, but all staining techniques are time consuming. A simple, easy and fast technique is reported here, that is based upon the use of a Lugol solution that allows precise identification of the sexual cycle day of the rat. Following this technique, samples are taken at 8:00 a.m. and a smear is made on the glass slide adding one drop of Lugol solution. This preparation is covered and seen directly under the optic microscope.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of oestrus and timing of ovulation in pigs.

Oestrus is the period around ovulation in which sows show a standing response for boars, thus allowing the boars to mate with the sows. The duration of oestrus may vary between sows from 24 h up to 96 h, which is not related to systemic oestrogen concentrations. The moment of ovulation after onset of oestrus may vary from 10 h to 85 h. Consequently, onset of oestrus is not a good predictor for the time of ovulation. A reliable prediction of ovulation time would be worthwhile, since fertilization results are highly dependent on the moment of insemination relative to the moment of ovulation. However, at present, the duration of oestrus is the best 'predictor' of ovulation time and is independent of the duration of oestrus; ovulation takes place on average 70% of the way through oestrus. The following factors have been found to influence the duration of oestrus (and consequently the optimal time for insemination): boar-stimuli, stress, interval from weaning to oestrus, season and parity. Further study is needed to determine the causes of the variability in oestrus expression between sows, including the regulation of oestrus behaviour at the level of the brain.

Animals↗