SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Thinking”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Re-thinking representations, re-writing nursing texts: possibilities through feminist and Foucauldian thought.

FOCUS: Critical approaches are increasingly being used to inform theory and research within the discipline of nursing. In this paper we discuss the work of feminist writers, particularly those located within the postmodern, and Michel Foucault. Their work, although having significant points of difference, can be viewed as complementary and our engagement with these ideas has led us to re-think nursing knowledge. RATIONALE: Using ideas from Foucault and postmodern feminism foregrounds critical questions such as whose knowledge is visible in nursing literature, whose is suppressed, and the power relationships reflected in representations of knowledge. Our exploration of representations of knowledge has led us to review fundamental nursing texts that we consider to be important political and ideological artefacts in the enculturation of student nurses. The dominant position of medical knowledge in the texts reviewed continues to position this 'voice' as primary in nursing literature. DISCUSSION: Drawing on our current research on endometriosis to illustrate the potential inherent in rewriting such texts, we argue for a repositioning of knowledge related to the illness experience. Privileging the voices of people who are the focus of our clinical care reflects the reality of nurses' work; the embodied experience of the person is made visible rather than marginalized in the illness discourse.

Feminism↗

PubMed2001

Philosophy: a key to open the door to critical thinking.

It has been suggested that philosophy is a bit like manure: pile it high and it rots and stinks, but spread it around and it becomes surprisingly useful. Philosophical enquiry, used sparingly, can provide a means to develop critical and analytical ability in nurses. A key principle of philosophical enquiry is the development of skills to rigorously examine and debate ideas or explanations about, for example, the nature of being human. In recent years nurses have been exhorted to critically examine or critically analyse nursing knowledge and nursing theory. It is contended that nurses have rarely been formally prepared during their education to develop the necessary critical thinking skills to examine some of the central questions about the nature of their role, and the knowledge needed to be effective in that role. This paper will discuss the development and experience of delivering a module called 'Nursing: Art and Science' within a post-registration degree programme. It is argued that philosophical enquiry offers one means of equipping nurses with the critical capacity to examine the issues which may shape the future of nursing practice.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗

PubMed1993

Strategic thinking and stress.

In this study we investigate the behaviour and the performance of experimental subjects, who had to solve a series of tasks of 'strategic thinking' under a stress and a non-stress condition. No significant differences between the conditions could be found with respect to performance and improvement of performance within the series of tasks, but the experimental subjects exhibited under the different conditions different forms of behaviour. Unexpectedly the Ss working under the stress-condition exhibited a more 'analytical' behaviour and increased their workload, instead of decreasing it. Additionally they exhibited a tendency for measures with salient effects and proved to be better in finding the right points of main effort. The results are discussed with respect to a general theory of action regulation.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Goldratt's Thinking Process applied to medical claims processing.

The business operations of an insurance claims processing center and the healthcare industry it serves are complex in nature. The authors describe the process of claim filing and adjudication in a claims processing center, apply Eliyahu Goldratt's Thinking Process to that scenario, and recommend changes to improve the defined processes.

Decision Theory↗

PubMed1977

Alertness and clear thinking as characteristics of high naturally occurring autonomic nervous system arousal.

Studies of the effect of induced mood on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) suggested that naturally occurring mood might also covary with the ANS. Ss were 13 men and women aged 20 to 70. Fatigue, confusion, and depression were measured on the Profile of Mood States, while barometric pressure and the ANS indices of heart rate and body temperature were also recorded. Fatigue and confusion each showed negative relationships to both heart rate and body temperature. Barometric pressure showed a suggestively positive relationship to the mood of depression. Hypothalamic serotonin concentration was suggested as a central factor producing the covariations between the mood indices (alertness and clear thinking) and the ANS measures.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Psychoanalytic thinking and organizations.

Psychoanalysis, potentially, is a theory that can expand the connections among seemingly diverse areas of human experience. Starting out as a discipline that discovers hitherto hidden connections within the individual and elucidates powerful subterranean forces producing profound effects on the surface, it holds out the promise of analogously (or causally) demonstrating intricate and unseen connections in the larger units in which all individuals live--family, tribe, organization. Overall, in today's end-of-the-20th-century world, we see the possibilities of using thinking developed in one discipline and domain to help understand another.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Temporal and causal order effects in thinking about what might have been.

When people think counterfactually about what might have been different for a sequence of events, they are influenced by the order in which the events occurred. They tend to mentally undo the most recent event in a temporal sequence of two events. But they tend to mentally undo the first event in a causal sequence of four events. We report the results of two experiments that show that the temporal and causal order effects are not dependent on the number of events in the sequence. Our first experiment, with 300 participants, shows that the temporal order effect occurs for sequences with four events as well as for sequences with two events. Our second experiment, with 372 participants, shows that the causal order effect occurs for sequences with two events as well as for sequences with four events. We discuss the results in terms of the mental representations that people construct of temporal and causal sequences.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Effects of imagery, critical thinking, and asthma education on symptoms and mood state in adult asthma patients: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare biologically targeted imagery (BTI) and critical thinking asthma management (CTAM) outcomes. DESIGN: Participants were randomized to BTI (group 1, G1) or CTAM (group 2, G2) in a 2 x 2 x 4 design (BTI/CTAM x pretest/post-test x weeks [3 week averaged intervals of symptoms and peak flows]). Interventions were asthma education plus treatment (BTI or CTAM for two 2-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks). For BTI, data collection (symptoms, lung function) occurred preintervention (3 week baseline), during the intervention (6 weeks), and postintervention (6 weeks). For CTAM, data collection occurred at wait-list control (WLC) (12 weeks extended baseline), preintervention (3 weeks), during the intervention (6 weeks), and postintervention (6 weeks). SETTING: Alaska Regional Hospital, Anchorage. SUBJECTS: Seventy (70) adults (53 women, 17 men) with asthma. INTERVENTIONS: WLC record keeping, BTI, or CTAM. OUTCOME MEASURES: Dependent variables included asthma symptoms (wheezing, coughing, sleep, activity, attacks, peak flow) and self-report assessments of Profiles of Mood States (POMS-BI) (anxiety, hostility, depression, uncertainty, fatigue, confusion); Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Asthma Questionnaire (KASE-AQ); Health Attribution Test (HAT) for locus of control (LoC); and the Revised Asthma Problem Behavior Checklist (RAPBC). RESULTS: Analyses of covariance with repeated measures contrasted BTI pre- to post-tests, time periods, and WLC; CTAM pre- to post-tests, time periods, and extended baseline WLC; and BTI to CTAM outcomes. WLC improved all POMS-BI scores except anxiety, increased internal LoC, and reduced problematic behaviors. Compared to WLC, BTI reduced wheezing, anxiety, and chance LoC, and increased asthma knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Compared to CTAM, BTI reduced wheezing and chance LoC, increased internal LoC, and improved 6 POMS-BI scores. Compared to extended baseline WLC, CTAM increased asthma knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, internal LoC, and peak flow. CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions significantly improved symptoms and asthma management more than record keeping. Contrary to hypothesis, BTI produced better outcomes than CTAM.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Efference copy and corollary discharge: implications for thinking and its disorders.

Many motor commands in the nervous system are associated with corollary discharges which alter the excitability in both sensory and motor systems. These discharges may assist in the distinction between self-generated and externally produced movements; they also allow (or represent) monitoring of the motor commands before the effector response has occurred. Here, I hypothesize that this mechanism of control and integration is also present in thinking, which as Hughlings Jackson pointed out, may be considered the highest and most complex form of motor activity. I speculate that if corollary discharges are normally part of the motor mechanisms of thought, their derangement could produce many of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Low cardiac output following cardiac surgery: critical thinking steps.

Patients often experience low cardiac output following cardiac surgery and as many as 90% of patients experience a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac index (CI). Causes may vary from volume depletion to global myocardial dysfunction. Critical thinking skills, combined with diligent patient monitoring and a knowledge of cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology are required for prompt recognition and treatment of low cardiac output following cardiac surgery.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

How to assess critical thinking in clinical practice.

Nursing leaders in critical care face new challenges in assessing their staff's critical thinking skills. Specific strategies--such as questioning, clinical scenarios, conferences, and context-dependent test items--are needed for this assessment. Critical care educators, managers, clinical nurse specialists, acute care nurse practitioners, case managers, and nurses in other roles who are responsible for orienting staff to critical care and for providing them with continued education and development can use these strategies.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1979

Measurement of thinking dysfunction. An empirical study.

This investigation is concerned with the development of a practical method for assessment of thought disorders. A review of eight major textbooks and four review articles revealed 37 different terms used to describe the components of thought disorders. Because of overlap of meanings or ambiguous usage, these terms were reduced to 17 discrete terms that could be operationally defined. Twenty-five psychiatrist were surveyed on the appropriateness of the definitions and their relevance to the concept of thought disorder. An average of 83 per cent agreement was obtained, and some of the definitions were modified as a result of the survey. Eight psychiatrists then applied this scale, titled the Thinking Dysfunction Rating Scale, to the evaluation of five videotaped patient interviews. Based on observation of all five patients, interjudge agreement was over 90 per cent for all items of the scale. Analysis of variance showed that the scale significantly discriminated among schizophrenics, patients with organic brain syndromes, psychotic depressives, geriatric depressives, and outpatients. The patterns of scores were found to vary among these five groups. The scale should be helpful for teaching purposes and as a checklist for routine clinical diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of clinical journals to enhance critical thinking.

The clinical journal offers a valuable medium through which faculty can teach critical thinking. Both analysis and evaluation of the interactions and relationships between clinical practice, theory, and research can be greatly enhanced through careful structuring of clinical journal assignments. The authors discuss ideas about structuring clinical and journal assignments and strategies for giving feedback.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies for teaching critical thinking in pharmacology.

The author presents six strategies that have been used successfully to teach and assess critical-thinking skills in a pharmacology course. Within the context of pharmacology content, the strategies were designed to develop student abilities in making critical distinctions, critical decision making, analysis of assessment findings, and the anticipation of intervention results and possible side effects/consequences.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

"Prep" for class and class activity: key to critical thinking.

Using guidelines, students independently complete a written preparation for class assignment to develop a knowledge base needed for active participation in one or more class activities. The authors present a two-part method that is key to developing critical-thinking skills, using case studies.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dressing up nursing diagnoses: a critical-thinking strategy.

Teaching nursing diagnoses to beginning students who have no clinical experiences challenges educators to use their creative energies in developing strategies that facilitate students' critical-thinking skills. Dressing Up Nursing Diagnoses is a fun and creative classroom teaching strategy you can use during the Halloween season to help beginning students formulate nursing diagnoses. Two nurse educators describe their successful experiences with this unique teaching strategy.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing critical thinking with case studies and nursing process.

Challenged to enhance critical thinking concepts in a sophomore nursing process course, faculty expanded the lecture format to include group explorations of patient case studies. The group format facilitated a higher level of analysis of patient cases and more sophisticated applications of nursing process. This teaching strategy was a positive learning experience for students and faculty.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using technology-based assignments to promote critical thinking.

The authors describe the use of technology-based active and collaborative learning assignments to promote critical thinking. Although the innovative assignments are part of a nursing transition course required for returning registered nurses, they have the potential for use in traditional generic nursing programs as well. The assignments are aimed at developing skill in collaboration, promoting creativity in solving problems, and actively engaging students in their learning.

Clinical Competence↗