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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the adaptive restructurings of the digestive system during exposure to the factors of space flight].

The article presents an evaluation of the state of the digestive system in astronauts during short-term and long-term space flights. After short-term (7- or 8-day) flights, there was a transitory activation of gastrointestinal enzyme systems. After prolonged space flights, there was an increase in gastric acidity and pepsin excretion, as well as pancreatic and intestinal malfunctions. In summary, there is a transition of the digestive system to a new level of functioning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Histochemical study of the activity of lipase in the digestive system of some teleost fishes.

The distribution of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in the different parts of the digestive system of Bagarius bagarius, Mastacembelus armatus, Glossogobius giuris and Rohtee cotio has been studied. In the stomach of Mastacembelus, Bagarius and Glossogobius the lipase activity has been found in the mucosa and gastric glands. The intestinal pulb and the intestine of herbivorous Rohtee and in the intestine of the rest of the three fishes show the enzymatic activity in the mucosal epithelium. However, in Mastacembelus and Glossogobius the lipase activity is more pronounced in the intestinal mucosa than that in Bagarius and Rohtee. In the liver, the enzyme is distributed in polyhedral hepatic cells in all the fishes studied specially around the nuclei of the hepatic cells. In the pancreas of Rohtee, the enzyme is distributed in the acinar cells and the cells of islets of Langerhans. The serosa and muscularis of the different portions of digestive system of the four fishes studied are devoid of any lipolytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The digestive system manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy): review of 11 cases.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), originally described as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder with a distinctive microscopic appearance. Formerly thought to be a process limited to lymph nodes, involvement by RDD has now been documented in many organ systems, notably bone, skin and soft tissue, central nervous system, eye and orbit, and upper respiratory tract. The digestive system, however, is affected only exceptionally, as reflected by the existence of only a handful of individual case reports. In this article, we report 11 patients in which the disease involved intestinal tract, liver, or pancreas, and describe the most salient clinicopathologic features. The specific site of involvement within the digestive system was gastrointestinal tract in 5, liver in 5, and pancreas in 1. Most patients also had evidence of disease in other extranodal sites, as well as in 1 or more lymph node groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Digestive system duplications].

Fifteen digestive duplications, corresponding to fourteen patients, have been surgically treated in "La Paz" Pediatric Hospital between 1966 and 1984. The most common localization (40%) was the large bowel. The first choice treatment was the complete excision of lesions, with led to cure of all patients. Embryologic theories and clinical forms are also reviewed.

Esophagus↗
PubMed2002

Dual cellulose-digesting system of the wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki.

The distribution of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EG) components in the digestive system of the wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was investigated by zymogram analysis using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by N-terminal protein sequencing. EG components similar to glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 9 members were restricted to the salivary glands, the foregut, and the midgut, whereas components similar to GHF7 members were confined to the hindgut where numerous cellulolytic flagellates were harbored. RT-PCR experiments revealed that five GHF9 EG mRNAs (1348 bp) homologous to other termite EGs were expressed in the salivary glands and the midgut. The crude extract prepared from the midgut as well as that from the hindgut produced glucose from crystalline cellulose. These data suggest that C. formosanus has two independent cellulose-digesting systems: one in the midgut where cellulose digestion is accomplished by endogenous cellulases and the other in the hindgut which makes use of other cellulases possibly from symbiotic flagellates.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

[The digestive system].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System↗
PubMed1988

Digestive system malignancies in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: an analysis of 158 patients.

Retrospective evaluation of 158 patients with digestive system neoplasms was carried out. The disease pattern was compared to that noted in other parts of Arabia, other Middle East countries, Africa, and the West. An attempt was made to analyze potential aetiological factors in the Saudi population. At all cancer sites of the digestive system the male to female ratio was 3:1. Generally more younger patients with advanced cancer were encountered than reported in series from the Western hemisphere. The poor results of therapy were generally attributed to the advanced stage at presentation. The high frequency of GIT cancer and in particular the apparently rising incidence rate of colorectal cancer was attributed to dietary habits and the changing lifestyle of the population. Hepatitis B viral infection was the likely cause of primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) although dietary factors could not be ruled out. Schistosomiasis was found not to play a role in the causation of either PHC or colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Morphometric and cytochemical studies of Dictyostelium discoideum in vegetative phase. Digestive system and membrane turnover.

The morphometric analysis of growing cells shows that the membranes of the digestive apparatus have a surface area equal to the cell surface area. After yeast phagocytosis, the surface area of the membrane surrounding the ingested yeast is equal to 40% of the surface area of the cell membrane. In spite of this internalization, the cell surface remains constant. Its renewal is insured by the translocation of the membrane of the digestive system, the surface area that concomitantly decreases by 40%. This means that the influx of plasma membrane is continually compensated for by the same outflow of internal membranes. During this turnover, the characteristic polysaccharide stainability (two different stains were used) of the plasma membrane is maintained after internalization, at the level of the digestive system, despite the presence of hydrolases in the digestive vacuoles. The cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase shows that this enzyme penetrates into phagosomes by fusion between phagosomes and vacloles of various sizes. The debris of digested yeast are released into the culture medium after 2 h. This process of defecation is accompanied by the appearance of new pinocytotic vacuoles, which indicates that the uptake of axenic medium has resumed. A model of membrane turnover is proposed to explain these observations.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Distribution and characterization of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the digestive system of normal and capsaicin-treated rats.

The distribution and characterization of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the digestive system of normal, capsaicin-treated, and littermate control rats were studied by radioimmunoassay, chromatography, and immunohistochemistry. The highest concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity were found in the stomach (45 +/- 2.8 pmol/g wet wt, nonsecretory region; 38.7 +/- 4.4 pmol/g wet wt, secretory region) and rectum (30.9 +/- 1.6 pmol/g wet wt). Significant amounts of peptide were also found in the other regions of the gut and in the pancreas. Neonatal treatment with capsaicin, which causes a permanent degeneration of most of the small-diameter sensory neurons, reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide content by greater than 95% in the esophagus and stomach, by 60% in the pancreas, and by less than 50% in the intestine, when compared with littermate controls. Separation of extracts from the gut, pancreas, and brain by chromatography gave major peaks corresponding to the predicted rat calcitonin gene-related peptide and small unidentified peaks, which presumably arise from metabolism of the peptide. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that in the esophagus and stomach, calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity is restricted to nerve fibers, whereas in the intestine it is localized in both nerve fibers and enteric ganglion cells. In capsaicin-treated rats there was a virtually complete elimination of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers innervating the esophagus and stomach, whereas in the small and large intestine there was a dramatic reduction and often a complete elimination of those associated with blood vessels and a slighter reduction of the nonvascular immunoreactive fibers. The results of this study indicate that calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the rat digestive system originate from both intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic (presumably sensory) sources and that both the intrinsic and extrinsic components appear to contain a substance that corresponds to the predicted calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons innervating the canine digestive system.

The pattern of nerve cells and fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR) was investigated in the canine digestive tract by means of immunohistochemistry. CGRP-IR nerve fibers innervate all the layers of the gut, including the vasculature, with different densities depending on the region. CGRP-IR processes are sparse in the esophagus and stomach, where they are mostly confined to the enteric plexuses and vasculature. CGRP-IR fibers are quite abundant in the small and large intestine, where they form dense arborizations in the mucosa, and are numerous in the muscularis mucosae, deep muscular plexus and circular muscle. The myenteric and submucous plexuses of the intestine contain dense networks of CGRP-IR fibers and numerous CGRP-IR ganglion cells. On the other hand, in the enteric ganglia of the esophagus and stomach, in the intrapancreatic ganglia and in the ganglionated plexus of the gallbladder, CGRP-IR is restricted to non-varicose processes. A moderate density of CGRP-IR fibers supplies the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, and the fibromuscular layer and lamina propria of the gallbladder. The density of CGRP innervation in different regions can be summarized as follows: intestine >> pancreas and gallbladder > or = antrum > cardia > gastric corpus and distal esophagus. CGRP- and tachykinin (TK)-IRs are colocalized in a substantial population of fibers, particularly those distributed to the mucosa, muscularis mucosae and vasculature, whereas there was no evidence of colocalization in intrinsic ganglion cells. The present results suggest that (1) the CGRP innervation of the dog digestive system includes an intrinsic and an extrinsic component, and (2) CGRP- and TK-IRs are co-expressed in extrinsic nerve fibers. These findings extend previous observations in rats and guinea pigs and provide insights into the sites of action of CGRP in the digestive system of the dog, which has served as a model for CGRP functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of the results of histological and histochemical research on the integumental tissues and the digestive system of nematodes of the suborder Strongylata after the use of anthelmintics].

The analysis of the action of various anthelmintics on the integuments and digestive system of Strongylate nematodes indicated that all the used agents caused varying structural disorders. The swelling of the cuticle and its detachment from the subcuticle occurred with the overwhelming majority of the anthelminths on the integuments of the Strongylate nematodes. The digestive system showed an ample epithelial vacuolation in the intestinal wall, as well as swelling and destruction in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Almost all the used agent lowered the levels of glycogen and RNA in the tissue of Strongylate nematodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Status of the digestive system and tibiae of cropectomized hens at night.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of cropectomy on the total amount and calcium content of ingesta in the digestive tract of the laying hen at night, as well as to determine if any abnormal physiological changes had occurred in the cropectomized hens. Treatments were cropectomized, sham operated and unoperated control hens. The gizzards from cropectomized hens contained about twice as much feed at 7:30 p.m. as that of the controls. The gizzard weight, without contents, was also significantly heavier in cropectomized hens than that of the controls. At 7:30 p.m. total contents of the digestive system of cropectomized and control hens were 15.94 gm. versus 24.07 gm., respectively. The control birds also had 2.71 times more total calcium in the digestive system at 7:30 p.m. than the cropectomized birds. The contents of the small intestine of cropectomized birds had 17% more calcium at 7:30 p.m. than did that of the controls. However, by 5:30 a.m. the contents of the small intestine of the control birds had 3.17 times more calcium than did that of the cropectomized birds. No differences were found between treatments or between time periods in relation to tibia breaking strength, calcium content of tibia or percent tibia ash. The degree of dietary calcium deficiency at night appears to be greater with cropectomized hens, even though the gizzard compensates, in part, for the loss in storage capacity of the crop. It is hypothesized from these data that the crop is an important and necessary organ in the laying hen for supplying nutrients throughout the night when the hen is not consuming feed.

Animal Feed↗