PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Fertility Control, Postconception”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Risk factors for spontaneous abortion and its recurrence.

Pregnancy histories of women interviewed as normal population controls during 1974-1981 in four case-control studies in the US and Canada were examined to identify risk factors for the occurrence of miscarriage. In total, 2,068 ever-gravid women aged 20-79 years at interview (mean age, 50.3 years) described 6,282 pregnancies, including 805 miscarriages. The roles of previous pregnancy history, age at pregnancy, and other factors were evaluated using relative risk binomial regression methods (similar to logistic regression). Risk of miscarriage during a given pregnancy was found to increase directly with the number of previous miscarriages (the risk was closely approximated by (1 + number of prior miscarriages)1.01), but appeared to be unrelated to the order of miscarriages within all previous pregnancies. Maternal age was also highly related to risk after controlling for gravidity and previous miscarriages, with doubled risk (compared with age 20 years) seen for pregnancies in women older than age 40 years. Risk of miscarriage did not appear to be associated with years since previous pregnancy, height, weight or obesity, use of oral contraceptives within one year before pregnancy, or duration of oral contraceptive use. A slight increase in risk was seen for women who had ever regularly smoked cigarettes (relative risk = 1.14, 95 per cent confidence limits = 1.00, 1.30). Thus, the levels of risk of miscarriage found in this analysis are similar to those of previous studies, and the analytic methods suggest how age, obstetric history, and other factors can be simultaneously examined for associations with such risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Fertility rates in 238 HIV-1-seropositive women in Zaire followed for 3 years post-partum.

Birth-control use and fertility rates were prospectively determined in 238 HIV-1-seropositive and 315 HIV-1-seronegative women in Kinshasa, Zaire, during the 36-month period following the delivery of their last live-born child. No women delivered children during the first follow-up year. Birth-control utilization rates (percentage use during total observation time) and fertility rates (annual number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age) in the second year of follow-up were 19% (107.4 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive women and 16% (144.7 per 1000) for HIV-1-seronegative women. In the third year of follow-up these rates were 26 (271.0 per 1000) and 16% (38.6 per 1000) for HIV-1-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative women, respectively (P less than 0.05 for the difference in birth-control utilization and fertility rates between seropositive and seronegative women in the third year of follow-up). Seven (2.9%) of the 238 HIV-1-seropositive women initially included in the study brought their sex partners in for HIV-1 testing; three (43%) of these men were found to be HIV-1-seropositive. New HIV-1 infection did not have a dramatic effect on the fertility of seropositive women. The nearly uniform unwillingness of HIV-1-seropositive women to inform husbands or sexual partners of their HIV-1 serostatus accounted in large part for the disappointingly high fertility rates in seropositive women who had been provided with a comprehensive program of HIV counseling and birth control. Counseling services for seropositive women of child-bearing age which do not also include these women's sexual partners are unlikely to have an important impact on their high fertility rates.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

The etiology of ectopic pregnancy.

The cause of ectopic pregnancy is associated with two major categories: the integrity of the oviduct and the quality of the fertilized ovum. Several conditions that alter the tubal transport system include inflammatory insults, intrauterine devices, surgical manipulation, tubal ligations, salpingitis isthmica nodusa, DES exposure, and induced abortions. Risk factors that may theoretically alter ovum quality or the hormonal environment include ovulation induction, fertilization in vitro, delayed ovulation, and transperitoneal ovum migration. As we continue to investigate the fallopian tube and the fertilized ovum as unique entities, our knowledge will increase about the cause of ectopic gestations.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1990

The experience of termination of second trimester pregnancies using gemeprost vaginal pessaries in a district general hospital.

Experience with the use of Gemeprost pessaries (prostaglandin E1 analogue), in a group of 60 consecutive patients for second trimester termination in a Scottish District General Hospital, is presented. Gestation ranged from 12 to 20 weeks; there were 29 nulliparous (48%) and 31 (52%) multiparous women. Fifty-seven (95%) aborted within 36 hours; 29 (48%) aborted completely and did not require further uterine curettage. Nulliparous patients required more pessaries and the abortion was more often incomplete. Side effects were minimal. There were no serious problems; and antiemetics were required by 17% and parenteral analgesics by 13% of patients.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1985

Outcome of pregnancy following induced abortion. Report from the joint study of the Royal College of General Practitioners and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

A total of 1590 general practitioners and 795 gynaecologists in England, Scotland and Wales are participating in a long-term, prospective study concerning the sequelae of induced abortion. In the present report a comparison is made between the outcome of the first post-index pregnancy in 745 women whose index pregnancy ended in an induced abortion (cases) and that in 1339 women who had an unplanned index pregnancy but were not referred for induced abortion (controls). There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls. The increased relative risk which was found amongst the induced abortion group of non-viable outcome, low birthweight and shortened gestation, could have arisen by chance. Further analysis of a larger number of pregnancies is required to permit confident interpretation of these observations. The present data provide no reason for alterations in the current management of induced abortion, or the subsequent pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Risks of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational age infants following abortion: a population study.

We examined hospital discharge records in 1980-81 for singleton third trimester deliveries in Scotland. We compared 3000 women who had previously experienced induced termination of pregnancy, and 4000 who had experienced spontaneous abortion with primigravidae and with women in their second pregnancy, their first having resulted in a livebirth. Two aspects of low birthweight were examined: delivery before the 37th completed week of gestation, and low birthweight for gestational age. Our comparisons were further controlled for maternal height, age, sex of infant, marital status and social class. Women with previous spontaneous abortions experienced significantly increased risk of preterm delivery but not of low birthweight for gestational age. Women with a history of induced abortion also experienced increased risk of preterm delivery, but for women aged 18-24 years, risk of low birthweight for gestational age was significantly reduced compared with primigravidae.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1990

Second trimester pregnancy termination using extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of ethacridine lactate by the extra-amniotic route for second trimester pregnancy termination and its associated complications. DESIGN: Retrospective study of women undergoing second trimester termination, over 3 1/2 years, with extra-amniotic ethacridine alone, or extra-amniotic ethacridine supplemented later by extra-amniotic 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. SETTING: Teaching hospital in Bombay. PATIENTS: 315 consecutive women undergoing late abortions with extra-amniotic ethacridine. Demographic features were similar in the two groups. INTERVENTIONS: In group 1, 207 women had 150 ml of 0.1% ethacridine lactate injected slowly into the extra-amniotic space. In group 2, 108 women had the initial injection supplemented 6 h later by an extra-amniotic injection of 250 micrograms (1 ml) of 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of abortion following the induction procedure. The development of complications such as haemorrhage, infection, or injury to the uterus or cervix. RESULTS: The method was successful in 191 women (92%) in group 1 and in 106 (98%) in group 2. The median induction-abortion intervals were 35 and 19 h, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, P less than 0.001). The corrected complication rate was less than 10% (30 women), with unplanned uterine evacuation in 6% (20), haemorrhage in 1% (4), and pelvic infection in 4% (14). CONCLUSION: The use of extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate provides an effective and safe treatment method for second trimester legal abortion. The induction-abortion interval can be appreciably reduced by supplementary prostaglandin.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1984

Who attends family planning clinics?

Data were obtained from 1,810 consecutive women who attended a central metropolitan (Brisbane) Family Planning Clinic during a 5 week period in 1982. Young women in particular formed the major client group with 32% being under 20 years of age. The client population was skewed towards women of upper socioeconomic status (SES). There was no SES disproportion in the use of oral contraceptives or IUD's. However, diaphragm use occurred disproportionately in women of upper SES groups; postcoital contraception was sought by and limited to, women of SES classes A and B only. The clinic satisfied a need for women with a history of failed or absent contraception and 15% had already had a termination of pregnancy by the time they first presented at the clinic.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between previous elective abortions and postpartum depressive reactions.

To test the hypothesis that primiparas who have had a previous elective abortion will have a higher incidence of depressive reactions postpartum than will primiparas who have not, 48 women pregnant for the first time and 25 who had had one abortion were interviewed six to eight weeks postpartum. No significant difference in the incidence of depression between the two groups could be found. In addition, when associations between their mean depression scores and other variables such as planned pregnancy, preferred infant sex, identified obstetrical problems, help at home, experiencing the baby blues, and an identified recent sad life event were calculated, no significant differences were noted. Spontaneous comments from the previously aborted women suggested that anxiety during pregnancy concerning the infant's health was a greater source of discomfort than was postpartum depression.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and perceptions of chance and ability of conceiving in women electing abortion.

A convenient sample of 32 women seeking abortion was studied to determine the relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. Subjects were between the ages of 16 and 29 years, white, unmarried, and gravida one. The Consistency Chance and Ability inventory, a self-report questionnaire, was completed by each subject. The data show a relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. How nurses can assist women in making choices about contraceptive use is discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

The impact of abortion policy on prematurity in Hungary.

In our country both the high frequency of prematurity and abortion and the possible correlation between them have been in the focus of professional interest during the last three decades. The harmful effect of abortion is undeniable. However, it is not possible to label it as the only or leading factor responsible for the high frequency of prematurity.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1978

Coping with pregnancy resolution among never-married women.

The Janis-Mann model of decision-making provides the theoretical orientation for empirical analyses of decisions to deliver or abort in matched samples of never-married women. Results focus on four variables: happiness about pregnancy; initial acceptance of delivery or abortion; ease of decision-making; and satisfaction with final choice. Path analyses summarize findings, which are discussed in terms of conflict resolution strategies.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1986

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in unmarried women seeking abortions.

Fifty consecutive unmarried women seeking termination of pregnancy in a state run general hospital in Singapore were screened for cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection before abortion. Chlamydial infection was diagnosed by taking a cervical swab, culturing the organism in tissue culture media, and identifying the inclusion bodies by dark ground fluorescent microscopy. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered in as many as 14% of cases. None of the patients gave any history suggestive of promiscuity. Compared with gonorrhoea in the non-prostitutes sexually active women of the population studied, the incidence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was found to be high. Patients with positive cultures often defaulted from follow up, thus posing a genuine risk of the spread of the disease by vertical and horizontal transmission.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗