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PubMed1990

Effect of frequent milkings on milk NAGase, plasmin, trypsin inhibitory capacity and the quality of whey as the growth medium for mastitis pathogens.

Unequal milking intervals affected milk somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity. The total daily output of milk NAGase and plasmin decreased, if quarters were emptied frequently during the day. Mastitis pathogens showed stimulated growth in whey prepared from filled quarters as compared with growth in whey from quarters emptied frequently during the day. The quality of whey as growth medium for mastitis pathogens paralleled plasmin activity in respective milk samples. Adaptation of mastitis pathogens to grow in whey had an enhancing effect on bacterial growth during subsequent inoculations in whey. Bacteria probably "learn" to overcome the effect from endogenous antibacterial factors and to use nutrients present in whey.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dependence of the rate of learning on the probability of the random performance of an acquired reaction under different regimens of aversive reinforcement in rats].

Learning of rats in the process of elaboration of instrumental conditioned reflex takes place much faster at the probability of random fulfillment of correct reaction (PRCR) equal to 0.25 and 0.125 than at PRCR 0.5 and 0.05. Decrease of the frequency of positive reinforcements of correct reactions from 100 to 25% does not influence the speed of learning at PRCR 0.25 and 0.125, however significantly retards the process of learning at PRCR 0.05. There exist optimum and pessimum for learning PRCR values at different regimes of reinforcement.

Animals↗