PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Software Design”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Computer-assisted centrifugal elutriation. I. Detection system and data acquisition equipment.

To optimize cell separations by centrifugal elutriation, we constructed an on-line computer-controlled multiparametric light-scatter system. A bypass sample flow, at the outlet of an elutriation rotor, is hydrofocussed and three scatter parameters of each cell are determined up to a maximum of 15,000 cells/second. The 18-bit representation of the parameter values are cumulatively stored by means of a direct memory access interface. The histogram memory is continuously displayed to provide information on the number and type of cells that are elutriated. A special purpose operating system, implemented on a stand-alone computer configuration, allows a high data-acquisition rate and ample data processing capacity. In addition, a local network driver was constructed to facilitate off-line detailed analysis of the data. The equipment is well suited to monitor the centrigural elutriation process. The flexibility of the system allows an extension of the monitor to computer-controlled elutriation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Structure design: an artificial intelligence-based method for the design of molecules under geometrical constraints.

This study presents an algorithm that implements artificial-intelligence techniques for automated, and site-directed drug design. The aim of the method is to link two or more predetermined functional groups into a sensible molecular structure. The proposed designing process mimics the classical manual design method, in which the drug designer sits in front of the computer screen and with the aid of computer graphics attempts to design the new drug. Therefore, the key principle of the algorithm is the parameterization of some criteria that affect the decision-making process carried out by the drug designer. This parameterization is based on the generation of weighting factors that reflect the knowledge and knowledge-based intuition of the drug designer, and thus add further rationalization to the drug design process. The proposed algorithm has been shown to yield a large variety of different structures, of which the drug designer may choose the most sensible. Performance tests indicate that with the proper set of parameters, the method generates a new structure within a short time.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple computerized tomography adapter for conventional stereotactic frame.

This paper introduces a new technique to convert a conventional Leksell stereotactic frame into a computerized tomography compatible system. Accurate calculation of the tumour coordinates can be made by means of two adapter plates with double diagonal lines on each side thus obviating the requirement of careful alignment of the scanner. The adapter plates are of simple design and easy to prepare.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Improving the efficiency of evolutionary de novo peptide design: strategies for probing configuration and parameter settings.

Evolutionary molecular design based on genetic algorithms (GAs) has been demonstrated to be a flexible and efficient optimization approach with potential for locating global optima. Its efficacy and efficiency are largely dependent on the operations and control parameters of the GAs. Accordingly, we have explored new operations and probed good parameter setting through simulations. The findings have been evaluated in a helical peptide design according to "Parameter setting by analogy" strategy; highly helical peptides have been successfully obtained with a population of only 16 peptides and 5 iterative cycles. The results indicate that new operations such as multi-step crossover-mutation are able to improve the explorative efficiency and to reduce the sensitivity to crossover and mutation rates (CR-MR). The efficiency of the peptide design has been furthermore improved by setting the GAs at the good CR-MR setting determined through simulation. These results suggest that probing the operations and parameter settings through simulation in combination with "Parameter setting by analogy" strategy provides an effective framework for improving the efficiency of the approach. Consequently, we conclude that this framework will be useful for contributing to practical peptide design, and gaining a better understanding of evolutionary molecular design.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE)].

Although there are many texts on the quality of epidemiological studies, little effort has been made to evaluate the publication of epidemiological studies and their results (the articles). Concern to improve the reporting of epidemiological studies prompted a working group to launch the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of observational studies in Epidemiology Statement). The STROBE checklist contains 22 items organized according to the Title and Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion structure that can be used for the main epidemiological designs (cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies). It is a checklist to improve the reporting quality of epidemiological studies (generally original articles) and, therefore, to evaluate the quality of this type of publication and facilitate critical reading.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Y2K: effects on pacemaker and implantable defibrillator programmers.

All permanent pacemakers and implantable defibrillators (PPM/ICDs) will continue to function as programmed without regard to the date in the year 2000 (Y2K). All manufacturers contacted reassured us that some of these devices incorporate a day/year clock in the circuitry; however, these are not involved in sensing or delivering programmed therapy. Some manufacturers' device programmers will roll over to the year 2000 without any problems at all, whereas others may have difficulty with date and time stamping on printed reports. We tested 14 different types of PPM/ICD programmers for Y2K compliance using 8 tests. Five of the 14 models passed each test and were labeled at our institution with a green "Y2K" sticker to identify them as Y2K compatible and needing no special attention after December 31, 1999. The most common test failed was the ability to roll the date forward from December 31, 1999, with the programmer power off. Organizations should consider testing and replacing noncompliant device programmers or placing a red sticker with "Y2K" crossed out on noncompliant pieces. The red sticker alerts the advanced practice nurse or physician to the need to confirm the appropriate date and time in the programmer after startup in the year 2000 and before interrogating or programming any PPM/ICD, to avoid inappropriate date and time stamping on printed reports from that programmer.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Format-independent data collection forms.

Good form design is generally acknowledged to be a key element of clinical trials and follow-up studies. Although some data are collected directly from automated equipment, most measurements, examination findings, and interview responses require at least one manual transcription, either onto paper forms or directly into a computer. Regardless of the transcription method adopted, there is broad agreement that the quality of study data depends strongly on the format and layout of the data collection instruments. The task of form design and production is complicated by two facts: first, a series of different forms is needed even when the period of follow-up is short; and second, form design is an ongoing process that starts before the first person is enrolled and continues over the course of the trial. This paper (1) presents a concept (format independence) aimed at simplifying the design and revision of data collection forms; (2) explains how a feature (styles) present in most word processing software can be used to implement the concept; (3) discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a format-independent approach as compared to more traditional form development tools; and (4) describes the environment that prompted this approach to form development.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1997

CAMDAS: an automated conformational analysis system using molecular dynamics. Conformational Analyzer with Molecular Dynamics And Sampling.

We present an automated conformational analysis program, CAMDAS (Conformational Analyzer with Molecular Dynamics And Sampling). CAMDAS performs molecular dynamics (MD) calculations for a target molecule and samples conformers from the trajectory of the MD. The program then evaluates the similarities between each of the sampled conformers in terms of the root-mean-square deviations of the atomic positions, clusters similar conformers, and finally prints out the clustered conformers. This MD-based conformational analysis is a broadly used method, and CAMDAS is intended to provide a convenient framework for the method. CAMDAS has the ability to find the representative conformers automatically from an arbitrarily given structure of the molecule. The accuracy of the program was examined using N-acetylalanine-N'-methylamide, and the obtained result was consistent with that of the systematic search method. In the test calculation of cyclodecane, CAMDAS could identify most of the known conformers and their conformational enantiomers by examining only 5000 conformers. In addition, the potential-scaled method, which we have developed previously as an accelerating technique for MD, could find two additional conformers of cyclodecane that have not been reported. CAMDAS presents a convenient way to find the energetically possible conformers of a molecule, which is needed especially in the early stage of drug design.

Alanine↗
PubMed1997

Development of a microcontroller-based automatic control system for the electrohydraulic total artificial heart.

An automatic physiological control system for the actively filled, alternately pumped ventricles of the volumetrically coupled, electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) was developed for long-term use. The automatic control system must ensure that the device: 1) maintains a physiological response of cardiac output, 2) compensates for an nonphysiological condition, and 3) is stable, reliable, and operates at a high power efficiency. The developed automatic control system met these requirements both in vitro, in week-long continuous mock circulation tests, and in vivo, in acute open-chested animals (calves). Satisfactory results were also obtained in a series of chronic animal experiments, including 21 days of continuous operation of the fully automatic control mode, and 138 days of operation in a manual mode, in a 159-day calf implant.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Distributed data mining on grids: services, tools, and applications.

Data mining algorithms are widely used today for the analysis of large corporate and scientific datasets stored in databases and data archives. Industry, science, and commerce fields often need to analyze very large datasets maintained over geographically distributed sites by using the computational power of distributed and parallel systems. The grid can play a significant role in providing an effective computational support for distributed knowledge discovery applications. For the development of data mining applications on grids we designed a system called Knowledge Grid. This paper describes the Knowledge Grid framework and presents the toolset provided by the Knowledge Grid for implementing distributed knowledge discovery. The paper discusses how to design and implement data mining applications by using the Knowledge Grid tools starting from searching grid resources, composing software and data components, and executing the resulting data mining process on a grid. Some performance results are also discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Flow cytometric microsphere-based immunoassay: analysis of secreted cytokines in whole-blood samples from asthmatics.

The ability of flow cytometry to resolve multiple parameters was used in a microsphere-based flow cytometric assay for the simultaneous determination of several cytokines in a sample. The flow cytometer microsphere-based assay (FMBA) for cytokines consists of reagents and dedicated software, specifically designed for the quantitative determination of cytokines. We have made several improvements in the multiplex assay: (i) dedicated software specific for the quantitative multiplex assay that processes data automatically, (ii) a stored master calibration curve with a two-point recalibration to adjust the stored curve periodically, and (iii) an internal standard to normalize the detection step in each sample. Overall analytical performance, including sensitivity, reproducibility, and dynamic range, was investigated for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha. These assays were found to be reproducible and accurate, with a sensitivity in the picograms-per-milliliter range. Results obtained with FMBA correlate well with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data (r > 0.98) for all cytokines assayed. This multiplex assay was applied to the determination of cytokine profiles in whole blood from atopic and nonatopic patients. Our results show that atopic subjects' blood produces more IL-4 (P = 0.003) and less IFN-gamma (P = 0.04) than the blood of nonatopic subjects. However, atopic asthmatic subjects' blood produces significantly more IFN-gamma than that of atopic nonasthmatic subjects (P = 0.03). The results obtained indicate that the FMBA technology constitutes a powerful system for the quantitative, simultaneous determination of secreted cytokines in immune diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MicroMeasure: a new computer program for the collection and analysis of cytogenetic data.

The ability to identify individual chromosomes in cytological preparations is an essential component of many investigations. While several computer software applications have been used to facilitate such quantitative karyotype analysis, most of these programs are limited by design for specific types of analyses, or can be used only with specific hardware configurations. MicroMeasure is a new image analysis application that may be used to collect data for a wide variety of chromosomal parameters from electronically captured or scanned images. Unlike similar applications, MicroMeasure may be individually configured by the end user to suit a wide variety of research needs. This program can be used with most common personal computers, and requires no unusual or specific hardware. MicroMeasure is made available to the research community without cost by the Department of Biology at Colorado State University via the World Wide Web at http://www.biology.colostate.edu/MicroMeasure.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed2001

[PACS-based endoscope image acquisition workstation].

A practical PACS-based Endoscope Image Acquisition Workstation is here introduced. By a Multimedia Video Card, the endoscope video is digitized and captured dynamically or statically into computer. This workstation realizes a variety of functions such as the endoscope video's acquisition and display, as well as the editing, processing, managing, storage, printing, communication of related information. Together with other medical image workstation, it can make up the image sources of PACS for hospitals. In addition, it can also act as an independent endoscopy diagnostic system.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

[The development of a device producing brain injury by gas percussion].

The device is developed based on aerodynamical principle, measuring technique for feeble signal, and mechano-electronic integration. The left parietals of rats were made cranioectomy and injured by different pressure of gas source with the device and then the survival states, pathological changes and neurobehavioral changes of rats were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Interactive telemedicine as a tool to avoid a digital divide in the world.

An efficient way of closing the gap in medical care between the EU and its Mediterranean partners is the use of satellite-based networks for telemedical applications. Using standard hardware components and specially designed communication software (WinVicos) various telemedical applications (teleconsultation, telementoring, teleteaching, etc.) have been realized. Two telemedical networks which have been designed and developed recently, MEDASHIP (Medical Assistance for Ships) and EMISPHER (Euro-Mediterranean Internet-Satellite Platform for Health, medical Education and Research), are presented.

Computer Communication Networks↗