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PubMed1996

Evolution teaching.

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1996

Evolution teaching.

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1996

Evolution teaching.

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophecy and policy.

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Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1998

[Environmental ethics].

After analyzing the origins of environmental ethics the Author describes the various non-anthropocentric theories in order to criticize their significance. Then she examines the anthropocentric theories. She describes "moderate" or "weak" anthropocentrism based on the idea of a duty to defend and preserve nature and which admits a kind of limited moral relevance of nature in its relationship with man. In conclusion, it is auspiciated a collaborative action of all anthropocentric philosophic models to realize an authentic environmental protection.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1989

Work environment and cardiovascular diseases. A short review of the literature.

The main purpose of this short review has been to present and evaluate the epidemiological evidence on CVD and environmental factors at work. It is indeed a difficult task to compare the scientific evidence in relation to the above mentioned risk factors. In some areas we find many studies, but with low overall methodological quality (noise is an example), while in others there are few, but good studies (e.g. carbon disulphide and nitroglycerine/glycol). We have to realize that in empirical sciences there is no such thing as a final proof. It would be easy if science dealt with what we know, while religion dealt with what we believe. It is more realistic however to say that science deals with what we believe we know, while religion deals with what we know we believe. Keeping this in mind the following classification of risk factors in the work environment seems to be well justified: Very probable causal relationships: Physical inactivity at work Nitroglycerine/nitroglycol Carbon disulphide Probable causal relationships: Monotonous high-paced work Shift work Noise Cobalt Arsenic Lead Possible causal relationships: Passive smoking Heat Dinitrotoluene Organophosphates Antimony Electromagnetic waves and fields No causal relationships: Cadmium Carbon monoxide One of the important questions raised by a list of this kind is whether we know enough to act, that is to use this knowledge in a preventive effort. Some might argue that we should wait until we have harder evidence. Another position would be that in many situations we have to act without such hard evidence. In my view fear of making mistakes should not prevent us from acting. If we always choose to wait until the evidence is 100% convincing, we will be very likely to make many - and often serious - mistakes.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1998

The role of Galen in the development and progress of medical sciences.

Early Roman medicine was a mixture of religion and witchcraft, but as time went by, it became more influenced by the Greek medical sciences, which were more developed. The most famous Greek physician during the Roman period was Galen (129-200 AD). In the 4th century A. D. The Byzantine physicians of the Emperor Julian, made the Galenic writings available to ordinary practitioners, and so Greek medicine spread throughout Syria and was carried by the Nestorians into Persia, where it became available to the Islamic World.

Arab World↗
PubMed2003

[Miracles in dermatology? An overview of miraculous cures of skin diseases in the Catholic Church].

Miracles which can be observed in different religions are often closely connected to medicine. These miraculous cures, considered to be inexplicable by medical science, have been documented in Christian religion and in occidental culture for more than 2000 years. These miraculous healings are also reported in the field of dermatology. The miraculous bulletins documented by the Catholic Church take their beginning in the Old Testament and extend to the miraculous cures of Lourdes in present time. We provide an overview of miraculous healings of skin diseases, whereby accounts documented in the Bible, reports during the Middle Ages, and cases documented throughout the last century are discussed. In view of modern medicine, most of the miraculous healings do not meet modern demands of science, but remain important as milestones in medical and religious history.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Does the physician need religion?].

The enormous progress in natural and physical sciences leads medicine to limits, namely limits of ethics, credibility and economy. The term 'religio' does not mean religion in the traditional sense, but stands for the norms guiding the physician's actions. Simultaneously, 'religio' searches for clues in fairy tales and myths that guide the physician, on his delicate way between feasibility and responsibility.

Ethics, Medical↗