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At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The locus coeruleus and memory: a study of chronic alcoholics with and without the memory impairment of Korsakoff's psychosis.

The loss of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons has been identified as the possible critical lesion inducing amnesia in alcoholic patients with the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The present study aims to test this hypothesis by quantifying the number of pigmented locus coeruleus neurons in 4 alcoholics with the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 5 alcoholics with Wernicke's encephalopathy alone but no amnesia, and 1 alcoholic and 5 age-matched controls with no neurological disorders. Apart from an increased vascularity in the locus coeruleus of alcoholics, no significant differences in the number, morphology or distribution of pigmented locus coeruleus neurons was noted between any of the groups analysed. There was a significant correlation between the number of locus coeruleus neurons and brain weight. These data demonstrate that neither alcohol neurotoxicity nor thiamine deficiency result in a reduction in the number of pigmented cells in the locus coeruleus and refute the hypothesis that locus coeruleus cell loss is critical for the amnesia in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aging, encoding specificity, and memory change in the Double Memory Test.

Aged and young adults were tested by category cued recall after learning with category cues (CCR) or with item cues (ICR). CCR was about twice ICR for both aged and young adults. The aged recalled less than the young and did not benefit as much from greater encoding specificity and deeper processing in CCR. ICR and CCR were correlated, so that expected CCR can be predicted from ICR. The regression of CCR on ICR was linear for young adults, but was piecewise linear for the aged, showing that the relationship between ICR and CCR was not uniform for the aged adults. Lower than expected CCR by a subset of aged without clinical dementia may be a sign of preclinical dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

On the self-protective nature of inconsistency-negativity management: using the person memory paradigm to examine self-referent memory.

How do individuals remember feedback that is inconsistent or negative? According to the inconsistency-negativity resolution model, individuals are motivated to reduce uncertainty and resolve inconsistency even when threat to self is potential. They more deeply process and better remember negative self- than other-referent information. According to the inconsistency-negativity neglect model, individuals are motivated to protect the self against threat. They engage in more shallow processing and remember less negative self- than other-referent information. Participants read and recalled either self- or other-referent mixed-valence information. The neglect model was supported in personality and minimal feedback settings. A chronometric exploration of processing mechanisms and the ruling out of a retrieval interference account clarified aspects of the model. Individuals are hypersensitive to threat potential: They will protect the self against even hypothetical threat.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Phonological deterioration in adults with an acquired severe hearing impairment: a deterioration in long-term memory or working memory?

The purpose of this study was to examine the phonological processing skills in individuals with an acquired severe hearing impairment. The subjects were tested on cognitive tasks that vary in their demands on phonological processing. The severely hearing impaired individuals performed at a significantly lower level on the word-word rhyme judgements task, but performed on a par with the control group on the picture-word rhyme judgements task and the lexical decision-making task. The results indicate that the phonological processing skills in individuals who have acquired a severe hearing loss in adult life deteriorate. The results are discussed with respect to theoretical and clinical implications.

Adult↗