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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Metachronous seeding of lymph node metastases in rats bearing the MT-100-TC mammary carcinoma: the effect of elective lymph node dissection.

Following the introduction of cancer cells into the lymphatic system, metastases in 'down-stream' lymph nodes often appear in a sequential manner. This could be due to synchronous seeding of the in-line nodes with progressively diminishing numbers of tumorigenic cancer cells, or alternatively, by discrete, stepwise (metachronous) seeding of 'down-stream' nodes by 'up-stream' nodal metastases acting as 'generalizing' sites. Metachronous seeding to local lymph nodes is potentially curable by elective lymph node dissection; synchronous seeding is not. Synchronous versus metachronous seeding of lymph node metastases was investigated using the MT-100-TC mammary carcinoma injected into the hind foot-webs of rats. When the primary tumor was removed by amputation one week after injection, 1/15 animals survived; in contrast, removal of the draining popliteal lymph node in addition to the primary lesion, resulted in 8/19 long-term survivors. At this time, occult metastases detectable by bioassay but not by conventional histology, were present in all draining popliteal nodes and in 60 percent of lungs. The fact that some amputees were cured when the popliteal node was removed, indicated the metachronous nature of nodal metastases in this system. Further, recurrence of nodal and lung metastases in those amputees in which the popliteal node was left intact, identified the popliteal node as a 'generalizing' site. By the time popliteal node involvement was evident by conventional histology, micrometastases were present in 'down-stream' nodes, and accordingly, removal of the popliteal node and the primary lesion at this time was not curative.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1976

[Antigen-specific lysis in vitro of lymph node cells of intact mice injected with RNA from viable lymph node cells of immunized animals].

Supernatant fluid obtained after centrifugation of the suspension of viable lymph node cells of immunized animals proved to induce in vivo in the lymph node cells of intact mice sensitivity to lysis with a specific antigen in vitro. This property was possessed after chromatography of the supernatant fluid on Sephadex G-200 by the 3rd fraction (MW about 30000 dalton). DNA-ase, trypsin or deproteinization failed to influence whereas RNA-ase inactivated this fraction in respect to the inducing properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical study of 76 cases in carcinoma of the colon and rectum with metastasis to the peri-aortic lymph nodes. With particular reference to the skip metastasis in carcinoma of the sigmoid colon to the peri-aortic lymph nodes].

The therapeutic result by tumorous site were evaluated in 76 cases of carcinoma of the colon and rectum with the confirmed presence of metastasis to the peri-aortic lymph nodes. The results revealed that significant good out-comes were noted in the relatively non-curative cases of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, with particularly good prognosis being found in six cases with skip metastasis. There was a 26.1% (6/23) incidence of the skip metastasis in carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis. We confirmed two lymphatic routes of the skip metastasis; one route was from the lymph nodes near the tumor to the para-aortic lymph nodes directly, and the other was from the lymph nodes near the tumor to the lymph nodes at the aortic diffract directly and finally to the para-aortic lymph nodes. In the all six cases, the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis occurred only in inferior site of the inferior mesenteric artery. The average number of the peri-aortic lymph nodes metastasis were as few as 1.7 in these cases. The prognosis was favorable with three of the six cases scoring a three-year survival and included a five-year survival case.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lymph node macrophage heterogeneity: the phenotypic and functional characterization of two distinct populations of macrophages from rat lymph node.

The isolation and characterization of lymph node macrophages (M phi) has shown a hitherto unknown heterogeneity. Two types of M phi were distinguished by morphology, monoclonal antibody staining and functional assays. The type I M phi failed to express surface Ia even when activated, a characteristic which has only previously been reported for splenic marginal zone M phi; despite studies suggesting an antigen presentation role for the M phi, the failure to express surface Ia would seem to eliminate an interaction with T helper cells for the type I M phi in the lymph node. In contrast, the type I M phi, other characteristics of clustering with activated B cells in vitro, the colocalization of the type I M phi and activated B cells in situ, the specific uptake of thymus-independent type 2 antigens and the failure to undergo respiratory burst activity all suggest a M phi-B cell interaction, possibly of a trophic nature. The defective microbicidal activity of the type I M phi may have been compensated for by the type II M phi, which expresses both strong respiratory burst activity and surface Ia expression when freshly isolated. However, unlike the inflammatory M phi the activated phenotype of the type II M phi did not appear to be interferon-gamma dependent because type II M phi could also be isolated from nude rat lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Iliac lymph nodes as a primary lymph center draining the testicles.

The visceral radioisotopic lymphography, as a new technic, reveals new possibilities to investigate the lymph system of the testicle. The testicular lymph center is regularly visualized at the level of the para-aortic lymph nodes. But in 16.9% of the patients, respectively in 10.8% of the examined testes, iliac lymph nodes are demonstrated as a primary lymph center, draining the testicle. A preoperative scintigraphic search can be made for every patient with testicular neoplasma in the intention to obtain a more correct determination of the stage, the prognosis and the proper treatment planning.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes in patients with genitourinary malignant tumors. 2. NK activity and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes].

We investigated natural killer (NK) activity and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes in order to examine the host's defence mechanisms against cancer. The materials were obtained from 26 patients with genitourinary cancer and 9 patients with benign diseases, who were used as controls. NK activity was measured by ATP-chemiluminescence (ATP) assay, a new method which is well correlated to the 51Cr-release assay, and T-lymphocyte subsets were stained with anti-Leu-2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 monoclonal antibody. The NK activity of regional lymph nodes was lower than that of the peripheral blood in all 35 cases, and the percentage of Leu 7+ and Leu 11+ cells was in agreement with that of the NK activity detected by ATP assay. In the peripheral blood, the percentage of Leu 3+ cells was lower in high stage patients than it was in low stage patients and controls, but in the regional lymph nodes it was paradoxically higher. The NK activity of regional lymph nodes against autologous tumor cells was low in 8 patients with bladder cancer. It appears from this study that the regional lymph nodes have no function as immunological barriers for metastasis and we therefore conclude that they should be dissected during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer by local injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon--clinical study of 5-FU concentration in resected lymph nodes].

The concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in blood and lymph node of 55 patients with gastric cancer who were endoscopically injected 250 mg of 5-FU alone or adsorbed on activated carbon into the gastric wall or 300 mg of 5-FU dry syrup orally before operation, were measured chronologically. The concentration of 5-FU in blood were similar in all cases but higher in lymph node in the group given adsorbed preparation than other cases. In the cases given adsorbed preparation, the lymph node concentration was remained high 7 days after injection, and in 37% cases more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-FU remained. Therefore, for the purpose to elicit anticancer effect on micrometastasis in lymph nodes in the patients with gastric cancer, endoscopically preoperative injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon seemed to be useful.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

Role of the regional lymph node in neoplasia: cellular mediated reactivity in vitro by autologous regional or distant lymph nodes or peripheral blood lymphocytes of dogs with spontaneous neoplasms.

This report concerns the in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes obtained from regional (draining) lymph nodes, distant nodes and peripheral blood against autochthonous spontaneous neoplasms. Tumors, blood and lymph nodes were collected aseptically prior to necropsy. Primary tumor cultures were established. Viable tumor cells were first incubated with media or autologous sera and then various numbers of lymphocytes were added. The mixtures were rotated for 60 minutes and then plated. Two and/or five days later cultures were terminated and viable target cells counted. The results of the tests were similar regardless of the lymphocyte source utilized. In vitro tumor cell cytotoxicity by high numbers (1000:1 lymphocytes to tumor cells) of any autologous lymphocytes and interference of such reactivity by autologous sera were demonstrated. Low numbers (100:1) of any lymphocyte source lead to tumor growth stimulation. Animals with spontaneous neoplasms are probably the best model for the study of human clinical oncology. Our data demonstrate that in these animals lymphocytes obtained from regional nodes were not unique in their reactivity to tumors. It is possible that early in the disease the draining node may play a vital role in initiation of host response; however, later its importance probably diminishes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Lymph node accessory cells in the immune response. The primary response to paratyphoid vaccine in rat parathymic lymph nodes.

The immune response in the rat parathymic lymph node was studied after administration of antigen into the peritoneal cavity. Special attention was paid to the accessory cells, which might induce the response. During the induction phase of the response a heterogeneous population of non-lymphoid mononuclear cells was present in the subcapsular sinus and the cortex of the node. These cells resemble "veiled cells" described in skin draining lymph and interdigitating cells in the paracortex of skin draining lymph nodes, but they do not contain Birbeck granules. It is concluded that the appearance of these granules depends on the site of the exudate provocation and that the presence of the organelles in these accessory cells is not obligatory for lymphocyte stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Light and electron microscopic studies of postcapillary venules in developing human fetal lymph nodes.

Developing lymph nodes from 30 human fetuses with crownrump lengths (CRL) of 38 mm (8.7 wk) to 245 mm (26 wk) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Blood vessels that appear to be postcapillary venules (PCV) are present in nodes of 47 mm CRL and older fetuses. These venules first appear in nodes whehn the nodal population of lymphocytes is sparse. In these early nodes PCV are distributed randomly and consist of a low endothelium, underlying basal lamina and incomplete pericyte sheath. Early nodal PCV are distinguised from other nodal blood vessels by the presence of lymphocyte diapedesis and several luminal lymphocytes. In the late stages of nodal development PCV are the more common non-capillary blood vessel and appear in the parenchyma near the periphery of the node. Late nodal PCV are generally characterized by a cuboidal endothelium that is rich in Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and Weibel-Palade bodies. The lumen and wall of late nodal PCV contain lymphocytes. The relationship between the development of the parenchyma of fetal nodes and the appearance and activity of PCV, the passage of lymphocytes through the PCV wall and the fine structure of developing PCV are described. It is suggested that the lymphocytes that first appear in developing nodes, and the majority of the lymphocytes found in late nodes, migrate to the node via the blood vascular system and enter the nodal parenchyma by passing across PCV endothelium.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

The narrowing of high endothelial venules of the rat lymph node.

The lymph node contains blood vessels of a special type, termed "high endothelial venules" (HEVs), which are involved in the process of lymphocyte recirculation. In standard tissue sections, many HEVs exhibit a nearly closed or closed lumen containing small lymphocytes but few, if any, erythrocytes. The question arose as to whether the appearance of HEVs in tissue sections is influenced by the routine method of animal sacrifice and/or of tissue processing. Therefore, the present work investigated the effects on HEVs of sacrificing rats as well as of excising and fixing their nodes with various procedures. It was observed that procedures involving animal bleeding or blood loss from nodes increase the percentage of HEVs exhibiting a nearly closed or closed lumen. The results further revealed that the endothelial thickness and other morphological features of HEVs are modified by this artifactual narrowing of HEVs. The possible significance of the phenomenon is discussed.

Animals↗