SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “morphometry”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

[Use of morphometry in pathological anatomy].

The paper describes the main principles of morphometry and its concepts and characterizes the potentials of the morphometric methods. Statistical sampling and conditions of preserving its representative character are dealt with. The implications of some concepts of variation statistics are analysed: mean values, variability indices, confidence intervals, thresholds of confidence probability, criteria of significance, regularities of the distribution of frequencies of sampling elements. The main rules of the factor, correlation, regression, dispersion, and information analysis are described. Attention is drawn to the insufficient use of morphometry potentials. It is stated that morphometric description should not overshadow the specific features of the structures under study.

Anatomy↗

PubMed1978

[Morphometry in central bronchi and tissue sections. A supplemental method in pneumopathology].

Comparative clinical-pathological studies of pneumopathology call for quantitative analyses of bronchi and pulmonary tissue. Quantification of pathological findings is possible by morphometry. The most important stereologic definitions and the laws of morphometry are briefly described. Methodologic problems are discussed. Baseline data of central bronchi of 5 autopsy cases are calculated (volume densities of the different tissue compartments and the surface density of bronchial basement membrane in three reference volumes). The five patients had normal lung function tests during life.--Further, the grading of emphysema by point-counting on papermounted macrosections is reported. Grading of emphysema on lung slices correlated very well with grading of emphysema by point-counting.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1986

Computerized interactive morphometry as a potentially useful tool for the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The use of a simple form of Computerized Interactive Morphometry (CIM) is proposed as a tool to achieve a reproducible classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This system combines a random sampling method for cells with simple size measurements and additional subjective criteria such as a shape, mitotic counts, and follicular or diffuse features. In this system, which utilizes a high resolution touch screen as interactive peripheral, the video image of the specimen is superimposed to a computer generated reference system which consists of a test area and four fixed points for random sampling of cells and a series of concentric circles to serve as internal standard for nuclear size; the computer tabulates and facilitates data processing. Forty-four lymphoid lesions have been characterized with the CIM system and specific criteria for diagnoses according to the Working Formulation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas for clinical usage are derived. Studies of inter- and intraobserver variations in data collection are discussed, and a diagnostic algorithm that categorizes non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the relative proportions of various lymphoid cells and densities of mitotic counts is proposed. The potential applications of touch screen-based CIM for the study of malignant lymphomas and its practical technical advantages over other quantitative systems based on either gray-level analysis or tracings of cell contours on photographs or digitizer pads are emphasized.

Computers↗

PubMed1992

The use of nuclear morphometry to predict response to therapy in Wilms' tumor.

Using nuclear morphometric analysis, a retrospective study was made of 27 patients with Wilms' tumor. The blinded group consisted of 17 patients with Stage I and II favorable-histology Wilms' tumors who did not respond to therapy and ten patients with Stage III and IV favorable-histology Wilms' tumors who did respond. In this complex group of patients, multivariate analysis (with several morphologic descriptors) was used to predict which patients responded to therapy. No single-shape descriptor predicted the response to therapy (P greater than 0.5). However, three shape descriptors: maximum ellipticity (ME), standard error of bending energy (SEBE), and the range of chain code-maximum peak (RCCM), with the multivariate formula of (1131 x SEBE) + (-7 x ME) + (50 x RCCM) + 7.18, separated the two groups (P less than 0.004). This result was statistically significant. Using this multivariate equation and a cutoff value of 0.6 units, this test yielded a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 70%. This result, in a complex group of patients, suggests that nuclear morphometry may be useful in the initial assessment of patients with Wilms' tumor and warrants further analysis.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1992

Absence of correlation between nuclear morphometry and survival in stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma.

To evaluate the utility of nuclear morphometry as a prognostic indicator in lung cancer, 5-year follow-up information was obtained in 46 cases of surgically resected Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nuclear area, perimeter, major diameter, minor diameter, and nuclear shape factor were determined from representative histologic sections of the tumors with a computer-assisted digitizing system. The morphometric parameters were compared between patients with favorable outcome (Group I: alive with no evidence of disease, n = 17) and those with poor outcome (Group II: dead of disease or with recurrence of disease, n = 29). No significant differences in any of the morphometric parameters were found between tumors in Groups I and II for individual tumor cell types or the combined cases. Failure to demonstrate a correlation between morphometric parameters and prognosis in Stage I NSCLC indicates that future efforts to determine objective prognostic factors should concentrate on other variables, such as specific genetic abnormalities.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Use of nuclear morphometry, gleason histologic scoring, clinical stage, and age to predict disease-free survival among patients with prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no accurate methods for predicting metastases or time to disease progression for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer after surgery. METHODS: In this report, histologic sections were studied from prostate cancer specimens from 100 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (clinical Stages A1 [9 cases], A2 [24 cases], B1 [27 cases], and B2 [40 cases]; pathologic Stages A1 [9 cases], A2 [22 cases], B [23 cases], C1 [8 cases], and D1 [38 cases]) to determine whether nuclear morphometry--when analyzed with clinical stage, pathologic parameters, and age in a multivariate fashion--would predict time to disease progression. RESULTS: These patients were treated with surgery alone for their clinically localized disease and were observed after surgery until disease progression or death. For each of the 100 specimens, 16 different mathematical descriptors described the shape of 150 nuclei. A series of 17 different statistical measurements were calculated to accurately describe the distribution, extremes, and variability within each descriptor. As univariate predictors, the variance of nuclear roundness, the mean of ellipticity, the Gleason score, age, and clinical stage were statistically significant predictors of disease progression when analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A prognostic factor score calculated with multivariate analysis of clinical stage, Gleason score, age, and variance of nuclear roundness separated the patients into three statistically distinct groups and predicted time to progression by the Kaplan-Meier life table and Cox proportional hazards analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This prognostic factor score may aid in stratifying patients into high-risk and low-risk groups for testing adjuvant therapies for prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1987

Morphometry and cytochemistry of Leydig cells in experimental diabetes.

Leydig cell ultrastructure and function in diabetic rats were studied by concurrent cytochemistry, morphometry, and testosterone assay. The streptozotocin (Stz) model was modified to include nondiabetic Stz-injected rats, an insulin-treated diabetic group, and semistarved animals in addition to controls and untreated diabetic rats. The separation of the effects of diabetes, Stz, semistarvation, and insulin treatments was achieved by application of orthogonal contrast statistics. After 3 months of treatments, testes were perfusion-fixed, incubated for delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activity, and processed for electron microscopy. Diabetes increased Leydig cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), increased mitochondrial and lipid content, decreased HSD staining, and decreased serum testosterone levels. Insulin treatment reduced SER and increased testosterone concentrations. Semistarvation also increased SER and reduced testosterone levels but did not alter HSD staining. Stz had no significant effect on these variables. The results suggested that the hypoandrogen state was due to a primary Leydig cell compromise and not solely to malnutrition and that it was correctable by insulin treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Pulmonary acinus: geometry and morphometry of the peripheral airway system in rat and rabbit.

The geometry and morphometry of intraacinar airways in rat and rabbit lungs were studied from silicone rubber casts. Acini, defined as the complex of alveolated airways distal to the "terminal" bronchiole, were trimmed off the bronchial tree. In both species, the acinar volume followed a log-normal distribution over a range in size of one order of magnitude. At an inflation level of 60% total lung capacity, their mean volume was 1.86 mm3 in the rat and 3.46 mm3 in the rabbit. On a representative sample of acini of different volumes, the branching pattern was characterized as irregular dichotomy, and the segment length and inner and outer diameters were measured. The average acinus had a mean of six generations in the rat and seven in the rabbit. Both showed a decrease in segment length and inner diameter with each generation. The mean longitudinal pathway length--that is, the distance from the initial acinar segment to the terminal sacs--was found to depend on the cube root of the acinar volume in both species. It was calculated at 1.46 and 1.95 mm for rat and rabbit, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Venous valve anatomy and morphometry: studies on the duckling using vascular corrosion casting.

The anatomy and morphometry of venous values associated with the vasculature of the head of the duckling were studied using vascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. All valves encountered were bicuspid, and casts typically exhibited slight expansions at valve sinuses and deep slits at the sites of valve leaflets. The locations, numbers, and orientations of endothelial nuclei on all surfaces of the valves were clearly revealed by imprints in the casting resin. Endothelial cell densities were significantly higher on the surfaces of valve leaflets (about 10 cells/1,000 micron2) than on other venous surfaces (about 7 cells/1,000 micron2). Endothelial nuclei on the medial surface of the valve leaflet were oriented parallel to the long axis of the vessel, whereas those on the lateral surface were oriented perpendicular to that axis. The close proximities of valves in some vessels and the presence of anomalies such as the sharing of leaflets by adjacent valves were readily demonstrated with the corrosion-casting techniques. These methods provide a useful means for studying the fine, three-dimensional details of venous valve anatomy.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Cellular stages in cartilage formation as revealed by morphometry, radioautography and type II collagen immunostaining of the mandibular condyle from weanling rats.

The role played by cell addition, cell enlargement, and matrix deposition in the endochondral growth of the condyle was assessed in weanling rats by four approaches making use of the light microscope: morphometry, 3H-thymidine radioautography, 3H-proline radioautography, and immunostaining for the cartilage-specific type II collagen. From the articular surface down, the condyle may be divided into five layers made up of cells embedded in a matrix: 1) the articular layer composed of static cells in a matrix rich in fibers presumed to be of type I collagen, 2) the polymorphic cell layer including the progenitor cells from which arise the cells undergoing endochondral changes, 3) the flattened cell layer in which cells produce a precartilagenous matrix devoid of type II collagen while undergoing differentiation in two stages: a "chondroblast" stage and a short "flattened chondrocyte" stage when intracellular type II collagen elaboration begins, 4) the upper hypertrophic cell layer, in which cells are "typical chondrocytes" that enlarge at a rapid rate, actively produce type II collagen, and deposit it into a cartilagenous matrix, and 5) the lower hypertrophic cell layer, composed of chondrocytes at a stage of terminal enlargement while the cartilagenous matrix is adapting for mineralization. 3H-thymidine radioautographic results indicate that the turnover time of progenitor cells in the polymorphic cell layer is about 2.9 days. The time spent by cells at each stage of development is estimated to be 1.4 days as chondroblasts, 0.5 days as flattened chondrocytes, 2.3 days as the chondrocytes of the upper hypertrophic cell layer, and 1.1 days as those of the lower hypertrophic cell layer. Calculations referring to a 1 x 1-mm square-sided column extending from the articular surface to the zone of vascular invasion provide the daily rate of cell addition (0.0077 mm3), extracellular matrix deposition (0.0127 mm3), and cell enlargement (0.0302 mm3). Hence the respective contribution of the three factors to condyle growth is in a ratio of about 1:1.6:4. This result emphasizes the role played by cell enlargement in the overall growth of the condyle.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Computer-assisted morphometry using video-mixed microscopic images and computer graphics.

A microcomputer system has been developed for collection and analysis of morphometric data from video images of histological sections. Microscopic fields of view are visualized on a video monitor and are overlaid with computer-generated graphics by means of a video mixer. Planimetric data are entered by drawing on a digitizing tablet while observing the drawn image superimposed on the tissue. Programs are available to calculate various geometric parameters, count objects in a field, perform descriptive statistics, and measure volume and surface area of a solid from a series of cross sections. A program for point-counting stereology presents single points for scoring within a user-defined reference area. The potential applications of interactive graphics in morphometry are discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1988

Morphometry of the human pulmonary acinus.

The geometry and morphometry of intraacinar airways in human lungs were studied on silicone rubber casts from two adult lungs. We defined acini as the complex of alveolated airways distal to the terminal bronchioles--that is, beginning with the first-order respiratory or transitional bronchiole. The morphological properties of pulmonary acini are described. The acinar volume averages 187 mm3 (SD +/- 79 mm3). Intraacinar airways branch dichotomously over about 9 generations (range 6-12). The internal airway diameter falls from 500 micron to 270 micron between acinar generations 0 and 10, whereas the outer diameter (including the sleeve of alveoli) remains constant at 700 micron. Towards the periphery the size of alveoli increases and clusters of alveoli become more numerous. The longitudinal path length of acinar airways (defined as the distance along the ducts from the transitional bronchiole to the alveolar sacs) averages 8.8 mm (+/- 1.4 mm). The morphometric data collected in this study are used to construct an idealized model of human acinar airways that can be related to existing models of the human bronchial tree.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

In vivo morphometry and functional morphology of brown adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main effector of nonshivering thermogenesis and diet-induced thermogenesis in mammals. Assessment of the magnitude and perturbations of BAT deposits in the intact, living body would be of much relevance for quantitative studies of BAT functions, but such studies have been impossible to date. In this paper it is shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry can provide the means for accurate, repeated determinations of the volume of BAT deposits in a living animal; moreover, tissue modifications due to acclimation at different ambient temperatures are revealed in vivo by MRI, which correlates with histology and ultrastructure. Furthermore, MRI differentiates areas of BAT responsive to acute adrenergic stimulation, thereby giving information on the thermogenetically active tissue in the intact animal. Therefore, MRI represents a reliable tool for correlative morphological and functional studies of BAT in the living animal.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗

PubMed1991

A comparative study by morphometry of the microvasculature in normal and rheumatoid synovium.

Vascularity is said to be increased (subjectively) in rheumatoid arthritis, yet synovial fluid is hypoxic and acidotic. Morphometry by image analysis was used to quantify vascularity in normal and rheumatoid synovium from the knee joint. Capillaries were distributed more deeply in the rheumatoid synovium (93.3 microns, compared with 32.5 microns in normal synovium) and were significantly less densely arranged (80.2/mm2 rheumatoid, 241.5/mm2 normal). The blood volume fraction fell from 2.9% in normal knee synovium to 1.2% in rheumatoid synovium. These results imply that there is impairment of O2 transfer, which contributes to the intraarticular hypoxia, in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Topography and morphometry of capillaries in the rat subfornical organ.

A comprehensive stereological analysis was performed to define capillary dimensions in individual subregions of the subfornical organ in Long-Evans, homozygous Brattleboro, and Sprague-Dawley rats. Capillary density, volume fraction, length, surface area, and diameter were assessed in four regions in the sagittal plane (rostral, "transitional," central, and caudal) and two zones in the coronal plane (dorsal and ventromedial). The ventromedial zones in the central and caudal regions correspond to areas of dense perikarya and neuropil containing neural afferent inputs to the subfornical organ (e.g., putative fiber terminals for angiotensin II), whereas the dorsal zones of these regions are apparently the predominant sites of perikarya having efferent projections directed outside of the organ. The morphometric analysis revealed heterogeneous capillary density across subregions of the subfornical organ (range of 132 to 931 capillaries/mm2 in the three rat groups). Capillaries in the ventromedial zones of the central and caudal regions had significantly greater density, volume fraction, and surface area, but smaller diameters, than those in the adjacent dorsal zones and more rostral regions. Across all subregions within the dorsal zone, there was generally a consistent morphometric pattern in the three rat groups. No differences in capillary dimensions in any part of the subfornical organ were found between the Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats. A qualitative electron microscopic investigation of endothelial cells in each subregion of the subfornical organ in Long-Evans rats revealed at least three types of capillary oriented according to region: in the rostral region were capillaries having no endothelial fenestrations or pericapillary spaces, and few vesicles, in the "transitional" region between the rostral and central regions, capillaries having no endothelial fenestrations, substantial numbers of vesicles, and narrow but perceptible pericapillary spaces were found, and in the central and caudal regions, capillaries having abundant endothelial fenestrations and vesicles, expansive pericapillary labyrinths, and relatively thin walls were present. These findings from light microscopic morphometry and electron microscopy in rats indicate a heterogeneity of capillary organization that shows topographical correspondence to the cytology and putative functions of the subfornical organ.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bile canalicular morphometry in arteriohepatic dysplasia.

The diagnosis of arteriohepatic dysplasia may be difficult, particularly in very young patients with no family history, and the pathogenesis of the disorder remains obscure. It has been reported that the typical ultrastructural changes of cholestasis are scant in this condition and proposed that there is a failure of the hepatocytes to secrete bile into the canaliculi. In an attempt to expand on these observations and to test the value of ultrastructure as a differential diagnostic test for this condition, we chose two parameters felt to be associated with cholestasis that could be reliably and relatively simply determined by ultrastructural morphometry: canalicular dilatation and loss of canalicular microvilli. The values for these parameters were compared in arteriohepatic dysplasia with those in other infantile cholestatic conditions and with those in noncholestatic controls. The results of these morphometric studies corroborated the previous observation that canalicular dilatation in arteriohepatic dysplasia is minimal. There was, however, only a marginal difference in canalicular area between patients with arteriohepatic dysplasia and those with extrahepatic biliary atresia. There was significant overlap of values for canalicular area among all groups. Surprisingly, the studies showed no real loss of canalicular microvilli in any of the cholestatic conditions. The findings suggest that, at least for these two parameters, caution should be exercised in using qualitative electron microscopic evaluation as a diagnostic test for arteriohepatic dysplasia.

Bile Canaliculi↗

PubMed1987

A computer program for morphometry of circular and elliptical profiles on the microscope.

We describe a short computer program, which is written in Pascal language, to measure the diameter of circular and elliptical profiles in sections. Coordinate pairs on the microscope stage, corresponding to two or three points of a profile, are input to obtain its diameter. The program enables one to take measurements directly on the microscope, thereby reducing photographic work and caliper measurement. While the program is largely designed for electron microscopy, it also may be useful for light microscopy morphometry.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Computer-assisted morphometry: point, intersection, and profile counting and three-dimensional reconstruction.

The use of computers in morphometry can involve 1) automated image analysis, semiautomated image analysis and point, intersection, intercept and profile counts of two-dimensional images on tissue sections with mathematical extrapolation to the third dimension, 2) direct measurement of volumes, surfaces, lengths, and curvature using x,y,z coordinates of serial sectioned images, or 3) stereologic techniques and serial sections which is a combination of 1 and 2 above. Automated and semiautomated image analysis are generally restricted to specimens that are characterized by differential contrast such as interalveolar septa in the lung or histochemically stained mucous granules in pulmonary epithelium. Point, intersection, and profile counts using hand-held, notebook PCs, portable PCs, or standard PCs and MS-DOS-based application programs are extremely efficient, precise, affordable, and convenient methods of quantitating average values of a population. When morphometric measurements of individual structures are required, computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction using x,y,z coordinates of the surface outline from serial sections is a tedious yet precise method. We describe a computer program that efficiently estimates mean caliper diameter, volume, and surface area with less than five percent error with five sections per structure. We also describe a program that does digital image subtraction on serial sections, superimposes digitally generated test systems on biological images, and accumulates point, intersection, and profile counts using a Macintosh II series computer.

Animals↗