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PubMed1999

[Absenteeism as a variable in human resource planning in nursing].

The study of absenteeism in Nursing is an important item that subsizes planning and adjusting human resources, regarding the continuity of nursing labor 24 hours a day in a hospital. Absenteeism is the absence from work at moments workers should be regularly executing their duties. We identified an absenteeism rate and also characterized the kinds of absences from work among nursing personel in surgical wards of a University Hospital. This investigative study had a quantitave, qualitative and retrospective aspect. Data were obtained from January to December of 1998. Results showed 29.63% of absences on that period. This total is composed by 23.28% of predictable absences and 6.35% of non-predictable absences as an index of calculated absenteeism.

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PubMed2002

Impact of influenza vaccination on civilian aircrew illness and absenteeism.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of the general population worldwide acquires influenza infection every year. Airline crews run a particularly high risk of contracting influenza and influenza-like viruses because they come in contact with hundreds of potentially infected individuals every day. Respiratory diseases are the most frequent cause of absenteeism among flight crews in airline companies. Several studies have shown the efficacy of influenza vaccination in the workplace of healthy, working adults leading to increased productivity and lower absenteeism. We conducted a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on flight crews of an airline company in order to determine the safety and efficacy of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in reducing illness and absences from work. METHODS: The 813 healthy members of a Brazilian airline company were randomly assigned to receive injections of either an influenza vaccine or a placebo, with a follow-up period of 7 mo after vaccination. Primary outcomes included influenza-like illness episodes and absenteeism from work due to such episodes. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. No significant side-effects occurred in either group. Compared to the placebo group, individuals receiving the vaccine showed 39.5% fewer episodes of flu-like illness (p < 0.001) and 26% fewer days of work lost (p = 0.03). The vaccinated group developed 33% fewer episodes of any severe flu-like illness (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The data indicates that influenza vaccination is safe in airline flight crews and may produce health-related benefits including reduced absenteeism.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1992

Sickness absenteeism in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

The sickness absence records of employees in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria were examined over a period of three years. The health records of the hospital workers showed a preponderance of junior and intermediate workers. An overall proportion of absentee workers was 15.8% with an average of 3 spells of sickness per year per absentee while the duration of sickness per absentee was 5.6 days per year. The younger employees less than 35 years of age and those with short duration of employment with the hospital have significantly higher spells and duration of sickness absence than others. While a lower spell of sickness and duration of sickness absence were observed among nurses, senior employees especially doctors had no records of sickness absenteeism in any of the 3 years of study.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1991

[School absenteeism due to dracunculosis in Benin].

A study was undertaken in the Benin Republic to determine the effect of Guinea Worm on school attendance. Five sentinel villages were chosen in the most endemic region of the country. These villages were observed in-depth during four years. Weekly inspections were done during the transmission season and bi-weekly inspections were done outside this season. During the later part of the study a questionnaire was distributed nation-wide. In the sentinel villages all inhabitants were counted, all new cases were recorded, the status of old cases was recorded to measure the duration of the disease. Patients were evaluated as mobile or bed-ridden. The school attendance records were also used as well as direct counting. Nationally a questionnaire was completed by all teachers in 2,840 primary school at the close of major emergence season in April 1988. In sentinel villages 17.7% of school age children suffered from Guinea Worm annually. The average duration of the disease was 104 days of which they were bed-ridden for 32 days. The correlation between the incidence and the percentage of missed class days was significant (r = 0.82; p less than 0.001). Nationally the incidence was 1.62% but varied widely by region. 40% of the infected children during the study were absent from school the day of the study. There was a strong correlation between incidence and the prevalence the day of the study (r = 0.96; p less than 0.00001). The results of this study confirm the high school absenteeism reported by other authors. In addition to directly caused absenteeism, secondary absenteeism in heavily infected villages is due to replacement in roles normally filled by the sick. Similar studies in schools can serve to measure prevalence, incidence and absenteeism since the correlation is extremely strong (p less than 0.00001) between each of the factors and to evaluate, with 20% approximation, the incidence of dracunculiasis in general population.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1990

Effect of worksite health promotion programs on employee absenteeism. A comparative analysis.

Employee absenteeism is an important economic variable that needs to be examined by occupational health nurses when evaluating worksite health promotion programs. Two of the three Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plan studies suggested that their programs acted to contain absenteeism among program participants. The worksite programs that met with success tended to be comprehensive and to have strong management support. Strengths of the three studies included the use of comparison groups and pretest measures of absenteeism in the analyses. Limitations included selection bias, subject dropout over time, limited monitoring of the program process, and the use of an analysis method that did not consider the statistical characteristics of the absenteeism variable.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1989

[Absenteeism among workers with long and frequent illnesses].

The aim of the study comprising 5197 textile industry workers chosen at random was an analysis of sickness absenteeism of employees ailing for a long time (i.e. giving more than 30 days of absence annually) and those who are frequently ill (i.e. giving more than 3 spells of absence) against the background of the absenteeism of the whole examined population. The analysis was performed using such absence parameters as percentage of persons absent from work, lost time rate mean duration of a particular absence, average number of days and cases of absenteeism per one ailing person. The analysis demonstrated differences in the length of spells of absence and frequency and seriousness of diseases between the two selected groups of workers. The group of long ailing patients constituted 22.3% of all workers and caused 75.6% of sickness, absenteeism in general, while the group of frequently ailing subjects--17.5% and 43.5%, respectively. Lost time rate of long ailing persons was three times higher than that in the whole group, while lost time rate among frequently ailing persons was 2.5 times higher that than for the whole group. An average length spells of absence caused by diseases was, among long ailing workers, 50% higher than in the whole examined group, while among frequently ailing employees it was 14% lower than in the general population.

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PubMed1985

Acute, subacute and chronic low back pain: clinical symptoms, absenteeism and working environment.

In this study the relationship between low back pain and the following factors was studied: Clinical findings, frequency and duration of absenteeism, social situation, psychosomatic and psychological factors and the working environment. The sample studied included 220 persons (participation frequency 86%) between the ages of 16-65 who had either acutely declared themselves unable to work because of low back pain (acute patients, n = 50) or who had been ill because of low back pain for one month (subacute patients, n = 50) or for three months (chronic patients, n = 70). A control group (n = 50) consisting of persons who had not been absent at all from work the last year was also included. Information regarding the participants' socio-economic situation, previous and present illnesses, further sick-listing during the one year follow-up period and the duration of absenteeism was obtained from the records of the Department of Health Insurance. The median age for men (68%) in the four different groups was 46, 46, 46 and 48.5, respectively. The corresponding figures for women were 50, 33, 33 and 49 years. Twenty percent were of foreign extraction. The proportion of foreigners in the group of non-participants (n=33) was higher (39%) and in this group there was a significantly greater frequency of previous episodes of ill health of short duration (less than or equal to 7 days + no certificate of ill health). Despite a careful clinical examination it was not possible to find any objective signs amongst 51% (86) of the patients. These patients exhibited normal motion of the back, normal musculature, no signs of neurologic involvement, negative straight-leg-raising test, no fixed painful position and no pain during percussion or palpation despite the fact they had subjective symptoms. The proportion of patients without objective findings increased with increased duration of absenteeism. Forty percent of the acute back patients displayed no objective findings. The corresponding figures for the subacute and chronic back patient groups were 34% and 70%, respectively. In the group without objective findings but with chronic pain (greater than 3 months) there was an increased frequency of Waddell's non-organic signs compared with the group with objective findings. Psychological and social problems increased with increasing duration of absenteeism. There were significantly more patients with psychiatric illness, signs of alcoholism and early retirement in the three months group compared to the remaining groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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PubMed1984

[Changes in the incidence and structure of absenteeism due to illness in Poland 1970-1982].

The dynamics of absenteeism due to particular causes of diseases of national economy workers in Poland, during 1970-1982, was analysed. An increase of the sickness absenteeism rate by approx. 48%, the annual increase rate coming to about 3%, was noted. The highest dynamics of increase related to the osseo-muscular system diseases, approx. 15% annually, then the circulatory system diseases--approx. 7%, the specific index due to arterial hypertension increasing annually by about 17%. The highest dynamics of increase in absenteeism rates due to certain diseases resulted in considerable changes in sickness absenteeism structure at the time being analysed.

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PubMed1994

An evaluation of Duke University's LIVE FOR LIFE health promotion program on changes in worker absenteeism.

The effect of an employer-sponsored health promotion program on worker absenteeism is examined over a 4-year period in a group of 4972 Duke University hourly employees. Program participants experienced an average of 4.6 fewer absentee hours in the third year of program availability than did nonparticipants, after controlling for baseline absenteeism, gender, race, education, and age. These results suggest that employer-sponsored health promotion initiatives can have a favorable influence on absenteeism.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1995

[Decrease of labor absenteeism associated with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women].

Absenteeism affects efficiency and costs of health care. Most of health workers are middle age women, whose climacteric symptoms may reduce their work capacity working at a public hospital in Santiago during 1992. Fifty-eight percent were postmenopausal and 34.8% of these were receiving hormone replacement therapy. Global absenteeism rate was 17.1 days/year. These figures were 14.8 days/year for premenopausal and 17.8 days/year for postmenopausal women (NS). Among the latter, those women receiving hormone replacement therapy had a significantly lower absenteeism rate (9.4 days/year compared to 20.4 days/year among those not receiving hormones). Osteoarticular diseases were responsible for 44.3% and psychiatric diseases for 18.1% of sick leaves. No differences in absenteeism were observed between different professional levels. We conclude that hormone replacement therapy is associated with a better working capacity in postmenopausal women.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1997

System for analysing sickness absenteeism in Poland.

The National System of Sickness Absenteeism Statistics has been functioning in Poland since 1977, as the part of the national health statistics. The system is based on a 15-percent random sample of copies of certificates of temporary incapacity for work issued by all health care units and authorised private medical practitioners. A certificate of temporary incapacity for work is received by every insured employee who is compelled to stop working due to sickness, accident, or due to the necessity to care for a sick member of his/her family. The certificate is required on the first day of sickness. Analyses of disease- and accident-related sickness absenteeism carried out each year in Poland within the statistical system lead to the main conclusions: 1. Diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems accounting, when combined, for 1/3 of the total sickness absenteeism, are a major health problem of the working population in Poland. During the past five years, incapacity for work caused by these diseases in males increased 2.5 times. 2. Circulatory diseases, and arterial hypertension and ischaemic heart disease in particular (41% and 27% of sickness days, respectively), create an essential health problem among males at productive age, especially, in the 40 and older age group. Absenteeism due to these diseases has increased in males more than two times.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1993

The relationship of mean daily blood alcohol levels to admission MAST, clinic absenteeism and depression in alcoholic methadone patients.

Alcoholism is a prevalent problem encountered during the methadone treatment of opioid dependence. The unique feature of examining alcoholism in methadone clinics is the ability to objectively measure alcohol consumption on a frequent basis. The present study examined how blood alcohol level (BAL) relates to clinic absenteeism and whether any paper and pencil tests predict BAL in alcoholic methadone patients. Thirty-eight alcoholic methadone patients receiving outpatient treatment had their BALs assessed over consecutive 5-day periods for a period of 2 months. The relationship of these BALs to several measures, including the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), clinic absenteeism and methadone dose was assessed. Significant positive correlations between mean BAL and admission MAST, mean BAL and clinic absenteeism, and MAST and BDI were observed. Methadone dose tended to be inversely correlated with mean BAL. These findings demonstrate that the MAST predicts mean BAL and that mean BAL is an objective predictor of clinic absenteeism in alcoholic methadone patients. Moreover, the results illustrate the usefulness of methadone clinics as a setting to investigate alcohol abuse and dependence.

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PubMed2002

A general model of the impact of absenteeism on employers and employees.

Most studies on the indirect costs of an illness and the cost effectiveness of a medical intervention or employer-sponsored wellness program assume that the value of reducing the number of days employees miss from work due to illness is the wage rate. This paper presents a general model to examine the magnitude and incidence of costs associated with absenteeism under alternative assumptions regarding the size of the firm, the production function, the nature of the firm's product, and the competitiveness of the labor market. We conclude that the cost of lost work time can be substantially higher than the wage when perfect substitutes are not available to replace absent workers and there is team production or a penalty associated with not meeting an output target. In the long run, workers are likely to bear much of the incidence of the costs associated with absenteeism, and therefore be the likely beneficiaries of any reduction in absenteeism.

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PubMed2006

Employment, medical absenteeism, and disability perception in Parkinson's disease: A pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of entacapone adjunctive therapy.

The objective of this study was to test the impact of entacapone (ENT) addition to levodopa with a decarboxylase inhibitor (LD) in full-time-employed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), focusing on retirement rates, medical absenteeism, self-perception of disability, as well as motor assessments of parkinsonism, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias. Thirty full-time-employed PD patients (disease onset before age 60 years) and on optimized monotherapy with LD exhibiting minor motor fluctuations or dyskinesias were entered into a 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of ENT adjunctive therapy. The outcome measures were the number of full-time-employed patients at study end, cumulative days of medical absenteeism, patient-completed disability assessments, diary records, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-based measures of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. LD + ENT treatment was associated with a lower retirement rate (2 [17%] of 12 vs. 6 [50%] of 12; P = 0.12), lower absenteeism rate (21.5 vs. 43.5 days; P < 0.0001), improved self-perception of disability progression over 2 years (change score 1.0 vs. 4.5; P < 0.0001), and lower scores for both motor fluctuations and dyskinesia assessments compared to LD monotherapy. In this pilot study, LD with ENT adjunctive therapy positively influenced employment rate over 2 years; this effect was associated with reduced motor complications and patient perceptions of stabilized disability.

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PubMed1995

Burnout, self- and supervisor-rated job performance, and absenteeism among nurses.

This study examined how job stress and work support predict the experience of burnout and how burnout is related to absenteeism and job performance in a sample of 73 registered nurses. The current study expanded on previous findings by including supervisor ratings of performance and employee records of absenteeism in addition to self-report measures. It also examined the extent to which burnout may mediate the relationships of job stress and social support with these performance indicators. Analyses indicated that levels of work support and job stress were both significant predictors of burnout. Additionally, higher burnout levels were significantly associated with poorer self-rated and supervisor-rated job performance, more sick leave, and more reported absences for mental health reasons. Finally, further analyses suggest that level of burnout served as a mediator of the relationships between social support and self-rated job performance, absences for mental health reasons, and intentions to quit. The findings suggest that burnout not only may negatively impact healthcare providers, but also may influence objective absenteeism and supervisor perceptions of employee performance.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed2005

Biometeorological effects on worker absenteeism.

The effects of six biometeorological variables (temperature, precipitation, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, and snow) on plant-wide worker absenteeism rates were investigated using 4 years of daily absence data (n=889). After holding constant temporal variables (years, season, and day of week), and then other biometeorological variables, all but one of the variables under consideration were uniquely and significantly related to absenteeism: temperature (r(partial)=-0.17***), precipitation (r(partial)=0.12***), air pressure (r(partial)=-0.09**), wind speed (r(partial)=0.11*), and snow (r(partial)=0.30***). Humidity (r(partial)=-00, ns) was not uniquely correlated. The adjusted R(2) of .29 (full R=0.55) for the entire model was also significant, illustrating the importance of these exogenous, meteorological variables in developing a prediction model of plant-wide absenteeism.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1989

Absenteeism of nursing staff in a nursing home.

This study investigated absenteeism among nursing staff at a long-term care facility. Four absenteeism measures were calculated from personnel records for each month of the year: no pay, sum of unscheduled, unpaid-sick and leave without pay; part-day, sum of arrived late and left early; paid-sick; and total. Independent variables included job level, part/full-time status, shift, sex, marital status, number of tax exemptions, birth year, and year of employment. Absenteeism was lowest in winter; lower for higher level staff; higher the greater the number of exemptions taken; and most importantly, lower for staff with seniority.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1984

The effect of labelling on illness related absenteeism. An economic explanation for the case of hypertension.

What is the impact of being told that one has hypertension? According to evidence from randomized controlled trials one effect of labelling is an increase in illness related absenteeism among those who were unaware of their blood pressure status. Moreover, this effect exists even when no objective medical reasons justify such immediate increases in absenteeism. In this paper we present an economic explanation of this phenomenon based on the interpretation of absenteeism as a demand for days off work. In a two-period life cycle model, we show that a lower perceived probability of survival through the second period increases the demand for first-period leisure.

Absenteeism↗