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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1963

Oral surgery: present and future.

The history of the specialty of oral surgery is reviewed from the days of its origin, when it was essentially confined to exodontia, to its present status, in which it includes many and varied surgical operations relative to the human jaws and their associated structures. The scope and training pertinent to modern oral surgery are discussed. A three-year program on a graduate basis, required as partial fulfilment of the qualifications for accreditation and certification by the American Board of Oral Surgery, is described in detail. The need for mutual understanding by the medical and dental professions, as to what this specialty has to offer in terms of a total community health program, is emphasized.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1992

The specialisation of oral surgery in general practice.

Much has been written recently on the subject of introducing a specialist title in oral surgery and the establishment of specialist oral surgery practices. The aim of my elective was to conduct a literature review, interview general practitioners involved in oral surgery, and examine the feasibility of undertaking oral surgery in a specialist practice.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1983

Proper monitoring of sterilization procedures used in oral surgery.

The sterilization procedures used by oral surgeons in Norway have been surveyed. In 22 of the 25 oral surgical clinics controlled, instruments were sterilized by saturated steam at 121 degrees C or 134 degrees C; 3 used a dry heat oven sterilizer; dry heat and/or gas sterilization procedures supplemented steam sterilization in 17 clinics. When these sterilization procedures were monitored with biological indicators, 5 autoclaves (challenged with B. stearothermophilus spores), 2 dry heat sterilizers (B. subtilis spores), and all the Harvey Chemiclaves tested (B. subtilis spores) did not inactivate the bacterial spores. A biological monitoring system that fulfills the valid requirements for sterilization procedures given by the national health authorities and that is reliable, convenient, economical and self-contained should be used routinely in oral surgery clinics.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Self-instruction guides in the undergraduate oral surgery curriculum.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the self-instruction guides in oral surgery developed at the University of Washington School of Dentistry. The third-year dental class enrolled in the basic oral surgery course was divided into four groups. Group I received the traditional lecture series and textbook. Group II attended the lectures series, used the standard textbook, and were given the guides to study at their own convenience. Students in Group III received only the self-instruction guides and were assigned to review them in a study hall during the usual lecture hours. Members of Group IV were given only the guides to be studied at their own convenience. Scores on the midterm and final examinations and on the oral surgery section of the National Dental Board examination showed no significant differences in performance among the four groups, indicating that students can learn oral surgery from these self-instruction guides.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

Specialist practice for minor oral surgery: a comparative audit of third molar surgery.

Cost efficiency of removing third molars in a practice specialising in minor oral surgery was compared to that of a hospital oral surgery department. A total of 100 patients treated in each locality were prospectively audited during the financial year 1989-90. Surgical complexity, waiting time, complications and patient satisfaction were compared. The hospital cases were costed individually and compared to fees received for the patients treated in the practice. The practice fees were also compared to average expenses as assessed by the Dental Rates Study Group Inland Revenue Enquiry. Patients were treated more promptly and at a lower cost in the specialist practice with no adverse effect on quality as assessed by complications and patient satisfaction. Surgical complexity was not a contraindication to practice treatment but some patients may be better treated in hospital because of medical or social circumstances. Patient charges for treatment carried out under General Dental Service regulations are a serious impediment to the viability of a specialist oral surgery practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effectiveness of a videotaped behavioral intervention in reducing anxiety in emergency oral surgery patients.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a videotaped behavioral treatment program in reducing dental anxiety in emergency oral surgery patients. It compared a videotaped placebo program and a no-treatment control condition. Anxiety, measured for two periods during the study (an anticipatory phase just before oral surgery and a post oral surgery phase), was evaluated by means of self-report, physiological, and behavioral observation measures. Results revealed significant treatment group as well as Group X Sex interaction effects for the heart rate index of physiological arousal. Results also revealed that the treatment program was reported by subjects to be significantly more helpful than the placebo program. Overall, these results suggest that a short, videotaped behavioral intervention can have a positive effect on the oral surgery patient, and that the sex of the subject may be an important variable to be incorporated in evaluating the effectiveness of this type of treatment program.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Public attitudes toward oral surgery: results of a Gallup poll.

PURPOSE: This article reports the results of a 1994 Gallup survey on public attitudes and experience regarding oral surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A telephone interview was used to address three areas of concern to both dental patients and dental professionals: surgery-related anxiety, anesthesia preferences, and preoperative information or counseling needs. Of the 1,008 adult respondents, 595 (57%) had undergone oral surgery at some time, 222 (22%) within the last 5 years. Among these patients, more than one in five (22%) had suffered anxiety levels high enough to delay them from seeking prompt treatment. An additional 31% reported moderate anxiety levels, whereas 48% reported no anxiety before oral surgery. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of respondents preferred an anesthetic method that would allow them to be pain-free, but conscious, and 56% percent expressed a preference for anesthesia-induced amnesia. Virtually all respondents (98%) valued receiving pretreatment information about their oral surgery procedure and the type of anesthesia to be used. A substantial majority (90%) of respondents reported overall satisfaction with their oral surgery, rating their treatment as 3 or higher on a 6-point scale. CONCLUSION: The characteristics patients valued most in anesthesia-wakefulness, insensibility to pain, rapid recovery, and procedure-specific amnesia-all support a growing trend toward the routine use of conscious sedation in the oral and maxillofacial surgeon's office. Patients overwhelmingly want to know all about the procedure they will have, how it will be done, and what analgesic modalities are available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

An exploratory study combining hospital episode statistics with socio-demographic variables, to examine the access and utilisation of hospital oral surgery services.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the socio-economic background of patients who underwent inpatient and day-case oral operations from 1989-1994 in the West Midlands. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: National Health Services Executive West Midlands; with a population of approximately 5.5 million. SUBJECTS: A total of 4,926,438 hospital inpatient finished consultant episodes, within 56 specialties recorded in the hospital episode statistics database, of which 60,904 (1.24 per cent) were dental; oral surgery. OUTCOME MEASURE: Standardised hospital inpatient activity ratios. RESULTS: The overall levels of activity rose moderately over the five year study period, although the type of activity remained consistent. Surgical removal of teeth was the third most common activity of all surgical procedures. Patients who availed themselves of elective inpatient oral surgery were generally from a higher socio-economic group, in marked contrast to those patients admitted for emergency oral surgery. This observation was highlighted even further by the procedure 'removal of impacted wisdom tooth', which accounted for 41 per cent of all oral surgery activity. The most deprived communities (15 per cent of the regional population) utilised this service 50 per cent less than all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a deprivation index to hospital episode data enables more accurate assessment of service utilisation by differing socio-economic groups. The inequality of the oral surgery provision to the 15 per cent of the population which were most deprived adds to the overall debate on the appropriateness of this service. Further examination of the pattern of behaviour and referrals amongst primary dental care services is clearly needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Applicants' opinions about the selection process for oral surgery programs.

A survey of applicants to oral surgery graduate programs was distributed to 170 candidates requesting application forms from the University of Kentucky. Eighty-five applicants responded. The average candidate was approximately 28 years old, married, and attended dental school in the southeast or midwest. He applied to ten programs and viewed a personal interview as an important part of the application process. Traditional criteria such as basic science grades and class rank were not uniformly considered as important factors in the initial screening of candidates. Other views and criticisms of the applicants are examined and suggestions are provided to reduce some of the apparent inequities now inherent to the system.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

Amnestic and anxiolytic effects of alprazolam in oral surgery patients.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify a dose of alprazolam that would reduce anxiety associated with oral surgery without causing accompanying memory impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six subjects in experiment 1 and 48 subjects in experiment 2 were pretested on a computerized memory battery to establish baseline performance. Subjects were then randomly assigned to receive placebo, 0.25 mg, or 0.75 mg oral alprazolam (experiment 1) or placebo, 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg, or 0.75 mg oral alprazolam (experiment 2). Forty-five minutes after the double-blind administration of alprazolam, subjects were given a second memory battery. The memory batteries tested story recall and recognition and word recall and recognition. Subjects in experiment 2 subsequently underwent oral surgery for the removal of one to four molars. The subjects completed anxiety questionnaires both before and after surgery. RESULTS: The 0.75-mg and 0.50-mg doses, but not the 0.25-mg dose, impaired word recall. The 0.75-mg dose also impaired story recall and recognition. The proportion of subjects reporting moderate to high anxiety during oral surgery decreased with increasing doses of alprazolam. Multiple regression indicated that the 0.75-mg alprazolam dose significantly decreased anxiety during oral surgery. The 0.25-mg and 0.50-mg doses also tended to reduce anxiety, but beta values for these doses did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that alprazolam produces memory impairment at the dosages necessary to produce clinically significant anxiolysis during oral surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Referral patterns and the referral system for oral surgery care. Part 1: General dental practitioner referral patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate current GDP oral surgery referral patterns given the anticipated change since the introduction by the General Dental Council of the specialty of surgical dentistry. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire. SETTING: 400 GDPs in Greater Manchester. RESULTS: 84% participation rate. 69% of dentists made a referral because of anticipated difficulty of surgery and 49% because of the complex nature of the patients' medical history. Practitioners who had undergone some oral surgery postgraduate training were more likely to undertake more surgery in their practices (P < 0.01) and to refer more patients for specialist care (P < 0.05). While female practitioners rated their own surgical confidence less highly than male practitioners (P < 0.001), and younger practitioners less than their older colleagues (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the number of referrals made. CONCLUSION: The most common reasons for referral were the anticipated difficulty of surgery and patient medical compromise. There was a wide variation between practitioners in the number of patients referred for specialist care. Postgraduate oral surgery training was identified as a factor contributing to this variation. Other practitioner variables, such as sex, experience and type of practice were not found to contribute.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacologic considerations in the management of oral surgery patients in general dental practice.

Minor oral surgery is an integral part of dentistry, whether performed by the generalist or the specialist. Procedures include those within the broad discipline of general oral surgery (such as routine and surgical extractions, impactions, preprosthetics, biopsy, and implants), periodontics (such as periodontal surgery, mucogingival plastic surgery, and implants), and endodontics (periapical surgery). There is considerable overlap among generalists and surgical specialists in terms of the treatment provider. Perhaps the most important consideration with regard to appropriateness and quality of care is not who does the surgery but how it is done. The ability to perform surgery according to sound surgical principles and to properly prescribe medications in association with that surgery is a necessary requisite for quality treatment. This article reviewed how various pharmacologic agents can be administered and how they influence surgical procedures. Whether or not they are used and the manner in which they are used are predicated on the discretion and clinical judgment of the clinician on a case-by-case basis. If used appropriately, these medications can be instrumental in mitigating morbidity and increasing tolerance and overall patient satisfaction with the surgical experience.

Analgesia↗